What is Hypertension?

it is an increase in BP and diagnosed after multiple readings

What are the most common organisms that cause HAP? SATA

Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter species, Klebsiella pneumoniae

Case Study: Ron Swanson - Pneumonia *please watch the clip B4 choosing an answer*

just watch the clip, no wrong answers, and the next few question, will be about the clip :)

So what are A)arteries and what are B)veins?

A) small, thick wall, 02 rich blood, high pressure, no valves, B) large, thin walls, 02 poor blood, low pressure, valves

What are the most common organisms that cause CAP? SATA

Legionella pneumophila, S. Pneumoniae, MRSA

What are the risk factors associated with HTN? SATA

age, gender, and ethnicity, heredity, diet, and lifestyle

What is used to diagnose AAC? SATA

doppler ultrasound, arteriography, ABI

YES! we finished respiratory assessment! congrats for making it this far! YOU GOT THIS!!

Lets keep rockin' and rollin', *gives self high five*, YAY! lets keep going!, That was only 1 lecture!?!?!

What are 2 nursing diagnoses we could have for Mr. Swanson? SATA

impaired gas exchange, acute pain (chest)

Before the patient goes for a stress test, what should the nurse tell them? SATA

report any symptoms, to wear comfortable clothes and shoes, do not ingest caffeine 24hr before test

What should the nurse do for the patient during a 12-lead ECG?

ensure the patient lies still to decrease motion artifact

What are some common causes of secondary HTN? SATA

estrogen replacement therapy or oral contraceptives, renal diseases, endocrine disorders

As Mr. Hudson's nurse what would you do as a diagnostic assessment? SATA

a CBC and a serum lipid profile, detailed history and physical examination, fasting blood sugar and routine urinalysis

YAYYYY! you made it half way through!! You all are doing FANTASTIC!! Keep it up!!

that was only half.....!?!?, I got this next half, y'all better watch out!, Aw yeah lets keep it going!!, YES! i totally rocked that first half!

Before a patient undergoes a bronchoscopy what should the nurse do? SATA

give patient sedative as ordered, have patient be NPO 6-12hr before test, obtain signed consent

What are some risk factors are related to Primary Hypertension?

Age, Gender, Ethnicity, family Hx, and stress

When preforming an assessment on an elderly persons cardiovascular system what changes would you expect to find? SATA

decrease in elastin of veins and arterial stiffening, Kyphosis, decrease in cardiac output

What would you tell a patient to help treat them for Buerger's disease? SATA

keep extremities protected from prolonged cold exposure, take antibiotics for ulcers, stop all tobacco and marijuana product uses

After a patient returns from a lung biopsy what should the nurse do? SATA

check breath sounds q4h for 24hr, check insertion site for bleeding, have a chest xray to check for pnuemothorax

What are the risk factors associated with pneumonia? SATA

smoking, surgery, age, IV drug use

What type of drug therapy would be given to Mr. Swanson? SATA

NSAIDs (if there are no contradictions), Antipyretics, Analgesics

Since Mr. Swanson is now admitted w/ a Dx of CAP pneumonia, what will you to manage his symptoms? SATA

give him small, high calorie, frequent meals, start him on IV fluids and increase his fluid intake, start him on an antibiotic

Why would 84 year old Ms. Betty be at risk for catching pneumonia?

elderly have weak immune systems, decreased lung function, not active

What are the early onset clinical manifestations of inadequate oxygenation of the respiratory system?

tachypnea and dyspnea on exertion

What diagnostic study for the respiratory system is used to distinguish between benign and cancerous lung nodules?

Position Emission Tomography (PET) scan

What type of drug therapy would be given to Mr. Hudson? SATA

Diuretics, direct vasodilators, and renin inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers

What are some complications that can develop due to pneumonia? SATA

Pneumothorax, Atelectasis, pleurisy and pleural effusion, Acute Respiratory Failure

YALL made it to the last section!!! you got this, you're in the home stretch now!!

* doing a happy dance *, OH YEAH, lets keep it movin' !, YES I totally got this in the bag!, thank goodness my brain is FRIED!

What would this lung sound be an indication of?

bronchospasm, airway obstruction, COPD

48hr or longer after hospitalization

Age related changes in the respiratory system can be divided into what? SATA

respiratory control, defense mechanisms, changes in structure

What should the nurse have the patient do before having an echocardiogram? SATA

place patient in left side lying position, obtain baseline vitals and an IV access for injection drugs, tell the patient about the procedure

What does the diastolic number in our BP readings measure?

the flowing of blood into the ventricles when heart relaxes

What is an acute arterial occlusion?

sudden interruption of blood flow to tissue or organ

What are risk factors associated with MDR pneumonia? SATA

Hx of antibiotic use, Immunosuppression, Advanced Age

thickening of the artery wall that causes narrowing of the lumen

Why is IV drug use considered to be a risk factor for pneumonia? SATA

needle sharing, endocarditis, fluid over load

What are cardiovascular Diagnostic tests we can have done for our patients? SATA

serum lipid profile, stress test, 12 lead ECG, echocardiogram

What kind of treatment is used to treat PAD? SATA

exercise therpy, drug therapy: antiplatelet and ASA, atherectomy and/or endarterectomy

What are the 3 ways organisms can reach the lungs?

Aspiration, inhalation, and hematogenous spread of infection

studbud

Pneumonia, Hypertension, and Vascular Disorders....... OH MY! part 1

100 termsStudBud Administration47 plays

A review game for the stressed out students of NUR 159 reviewing the topics of Respiratory Assessment, Hypertension, Pneumonia, and Vascular Disorders!

Flashcards100 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 100

Answers

1
What is Hypertension?
it is an increase within the brain
it is an increase in BP and diagnosed after 1 reading
it is an increase in BP and diagnosed after multiple readings
it is a decrease in blood pressure
2
What are the most common organisms that cause HAP? SATA
Escherichia coli
Acinetobacter species
Klebsiella pneumoniae
3
Case Study: Ron Swanson - Pneumonia *please watch the clip B4 choosing an answer*
just watch the clip
no wrong answers
and the next few question
will be about the clip :)
4
So what are A)arteries and what are B)veins?
A) small, thick wall, 02 rich blood, high pressure, no valves
B) large, thin walls, 02 poor blood, low pressure, valves
A) large, thick walls, 02 poor blood, high pressure, valves
B) small, thin walls, 02 rich blood, low pressure, no valves
5
What are the most common organisms that cause CAP? SATA
Legionella pneumophila
S. Pneumoniae
MRSA
6
What are the risk factors associated with HTN? SATA
age, gender, and ethnicity
height, weight, and gender
heredity, diet, and lifestyle
gender, diet, and amount of instagram followers
7
Lastly, you would recommend the Pneumococcal conjugate Vaccine to Mr. Swanson?
True
False
8
What is used to diagnose AAC? SATA
doppler ultrasound
arteriography
echocardiogram
ABI
9
YES! we finished respiratory assessment! congrats for making it this far! YOU GOT THIS!!
Lets keep rockin' and rollin'
*gives self high five*
YAY! lets keep going!
That was only 1 lecture!?!?!
10
Pulmonary arteries are arteries?
False
True
11
What are 2 nursing diagnoses we could have for Mr. Swanson? SATA
impaired gas exchange
acute pain (chest)
ineffective self-health maintenance
ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion
12
Before the patient goes for a stress test, what should the nurse tell them? SATA
ask them if the have any allergies
report any symptoms
to wear comfortable clothes and shoes
do not ingest caffeine 24hr before test
13
What should the nurse do for the patient during a 12-lead ECG?
ensure the patient lies still to decrease motion artifact
finish rounds because the patient will take awhile
encourage patient to walk as quickly as possible
monitor vital signs after each stage of exercise
14
What are some common causes of secondary HTN? SATA
estrogen replacement therapy or oral contraceptives
renal diseases
endocrine disorders
Sedentary lifestyle
15
As Mr. Hudson's nurse what would you do as a diagnostic assessment? SATA
a CBC and a serum lipid profile
detailed history and physical examination
detailed diet and exercise history
fasting blood sugar and routine urinalysis
16
YAYYYY! you made it half way through!! You all are doing FANTASTIC!! Keep it up!!
that was only half.....!?!?
I got this next half, y'all better watch out!
Aw yeah lets keep it going!!
YES! i totally rocked that first half!
17
A patient presents with a Pa02 of 55mmHg and a Sp02 of 88%. What is significant from these findings?
patient has severe hypoxemia
patient has moderate hypoxemia
nothing to worry about these are normal values
patient has mild hypoxemia
18
Our older adult patients may not show classic symptoms. What 2 symptoms could they present with? SATA
hypothermia
confusion
fever
dysphagia
19
Before a patient undergoes a bronchoscopy what should the nurse do? SATA
give patient sedative as ordered
have patient be NPO 6-12hr before test
obtain signed consent
check for allergies, especially to contrast dye
20
What are some risk factors are related to Primary Hypertension?
age, ethnicity, prior surgeries, tobacco use
Age, Gender, Ethnicity, family Hx, and stress
age, gender, ethnicity, stress, medication Hx
age, surgical Hx, medication use
21
When preforming an assessment on an elderly persons cardiovascular system what changes would you expect to find? SATA
dyspnea upon excursion
decrease in elastin of veins and arterial stiffening
Kyphosis
decrease in cardiac output
22
What would you tell a patient to help treat them for Buerger's disease? SATA
keep extremities protected from prolonged cold exposure
take antibiotics for ulcers
stop all tobacco and marijuana product uses
eating high protein foods will help rebuild artery walls
23
After a patient returns from a lung biopsy what should the nurse do? SATA
check breath sounds q4h for 24hr
keep patient NPO until gag reflex returns
check insertion site for bleeding
have a chest xray to check for pnuemothorax
24
What are the risk factors associated with pneumonia? SATA
smoking
surgery
age
IV drug use
25
What type of drug therapy would be given to Mr. Swanson? SATA
NSAIDs (if there are no contradictions)
Antipyretics
Analgesics
Antibiotics (only once the organism is identified)
26
_1)_ is the volume of air exchanged with each breath and _2)_ is dead space.
1) 500ml 2) 150ml
1) 150ml 2) 500ml
1) 800ml 2) 200ml
1) 350ml 2) 450ml
27
Since Mr. Swanson is now admitted w/ a Dx of CAP pneumonia, what will you to manage his symptoms? SATA
give him small, high calorie, frequent meals
start him on IV fluids and increase his fluid intake
start him on an antibiotic
provide him with activities to keep him entertained
28
What diagnostic test(s) would help diagnose PAD? SATA
angiography
ABI
segmental BP
CT scan
29
Why would 84 year old Ms. Betty be at risk for catching pneumonia?
elderly have weak immune systems, but stay active and have great lungs
elderly are not among the group of people at risk
elderly have weak immune systems, decreased lung function, not active
elderly have decreased lung function but good immune systems
30
What are the early onset clinical manifestations of inadequate oxygenation of the respiratory system?
tachypnea and dyspnea on exertion
tachypnea and dyspnea at rest
dyspnea on exertion and use of accessory muscles
use of accessory muscles and dyspnea at rest
31
What diagnostic study for the respiratory system is used to distinguish between benign and cancerous lung nodules?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Position Emission Tomography (PET) scan
Chest X ray
Computed Tomography (CT) scan
32
Before we use anticoagulants and blood thinning medications what labs should we check?
PT
aPTT
INR
PaC02
33
What type of drug therapy would be given to Mr. Hudson? SATA
Diuretics, direct vasodilators, and renin inhibitors
thiazolidinedione, opioids, and diuretics
antivirals, antibiotics, and antifungals
ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers
34
What are some complications that can develop due to pneumonia? SATA
Pneumothorax
Atelectasis
pleurisy and pleural effusion
Acute Respiratory Failure
35
YALL made it to the last section!!! you got this, you're in the home stretch now!!
* doing a happy dance *
OH YEAH, lets keep it movin' !
YES I totally got this in the bag!
thank goodness my brain is FRIED!
36
What would this lung sound be an indication of?
interstitial edema, loss of lung volume, early heart failure
pneumonia and plural effusion
excess fluid within the lungs, heart failure, COPD, pulmonary edema
bronchospasm, airway obstruction, COPD
37
When does HAP occur?
48hr after being released from the hospital
48hr or longer after hospitalization
48hr after endotracheal intubation
24hr or longer after hospitalization
38
Age related changes in the respiratory system can be divided into what? SATA
respiratory control
pulmonary reflexes
defense mechanisms
changes in structure
39
What should the nurse have the patient do before having an echocardiogram? SATA
tell patient to fast 6hr before test
place patient in left side lying position
obtain baseline vitals and an IV access for injection drugs
tell the patient about the procedure
40
Where does gas exchange take place?
in the bronchioles
in the alveoli
in the lungs
in the atmosphere ... duh
41
What does the diastolic number in our BP readings measure?
the flowing of blood into the ventricles when heart relaxes
the amount of time for the blood to return to heart from body
the blood flowing into the two major coronary arteries
contraction of the heart muscle and ejection of blood
42
What is an acute arterial occlusion?
the hardening of the artery walls
sudden interruption of fluid to the brain
sudden interruption of blood flow to tissue or organ
the thinning of the walls
43
When a patient has SVT, DVT, or VTE, anticoagulants and factor Xa medications can be used?
False
True
44
When treating Buerger's Disease you would use antivirals as part of your drug therapy?
True
False
45
What are risk factors associated with MDR pneumonia? SATA
Hx of antibiotic use
Immunosuppression
Difficulty Swallowing
Advanced Age
46
What is PAD?
thickening of the venues wall that causes the lumen to widen
thinning of the artery wall that causes narrowing of the lumen
thickening of the artery wall that causes narrowing of the lumen
thinning of the venous wall that causes widening of the lumen
47
What structures of the lower extremities are affected by PAD? SATA
iliac
popliteal
femoral
brachial
48
Why is IV drug use considered to be a risk factor for pneumonia? SATA
needle sharing
endocarditis
causes embolisms
fluid over load
49
What are cardiovascular Diagnostic tests we can have done for our patients? SATA
serum lipid profile
stress test
12 lead ECG
echocardiogram
50
What kind of treatment is used to treat PAD? SATA
Increase of fluids
exercise therpy
drug therapy: antiplatelet and ASA
atherectomy and/or endarterectomy
51
What are the 3 ways organisms can reach the lungs?
inhalation and hematogenous spread of infection
aspiration and inhalation
aspiration only
Aspiration, inhalation, and hematogenous spread of infection
52
After blood for an ABG is collected, you need to hold pressure on the radial artery for 1) to prevent 2) at the site.
1) 5 min. 2)Hematoma
1) 5 min. 2)Embolism
1) 2 min. 2)Embolism
1) 2 min. 2)Hematoma
53
Since Mr. Hudson is now admitted w/ a Dx of Hypertension, what will you do to manage his symptoms? SATA
teach him stress management techniques
educate him on restricting sodium, cholesterol, and sat. fats
teach him to TCDB to help promote circulation
have him monitor his BP while in hospital and at home
54
Complications of HTN can lead to __ __ __ which occurs frequently in the heart, brain, kidneys, eyes, & PVD.
target dollar-spot disease
compartment syndrome disease
ischemic oragn disease
target organ disease
55
Buerger's disease is a non-atherosclerotic segmental recurrent inflammation of small and medium arteries and veins?
True
False
56
What are the 6 "P's" of AAC? SATA
pain & pallor
paresthesia & poikilothermia
paroxysm & poikilothermia
paralysis & pulselessness
57
What is the structure labeled 1 in the purple circle?
Bundle of His
AV Node
SA Node
Purkinjie Fibers
58
When does community-acquired pneumonia occur?
in pts. who have been in the hospital 48hrs or longer
results from abnormal entry of secretions in lower airway
in pts. who have been out of hospital or LTC for 14 days before symptoms
caused by a microorganism that would not normally cause disease
59
What are some complications of high blood pressure? SATA
hypertensive crisis
atherosclerosis
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
end-stage renal disease
60
What is the purpose of for a patient to have a thoracentesis done?
remove pleural fluid
instill medication
to evaluate lung function
to obtain specimen of pleural fluid for diagnosis
61
Our older adult patients have the greatest risk for adverse outcomes if they have what? SATA
are obese
are super active
Hx of smoking
have a chronic illness
62
If you needed to figure out what was in your patients sputum what kind of test would you order?
a bacteria identifier test
a TB test
a culture and sensitivity test
a CBC
63
How would you treat ACC? SATA
Drug therapy: anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents
walking therapy
embolectomy
thrombectomy
64
Pulmonary Veins are veins?
False
True
65
What is pneumonia?
an onset of thick mucus sitting in the lungs
when the lungs sudden fill and expel air
an acute infection of lung parenchyma that affects gas transfer
an acute attack of the muscle around the lungs
66
Mr. Hudson is presenting w/ HR 95, BP 153/94, 18 bmp & Sp02 95%. What vital sign indicates need for further action?
His HR bc its close to being tachycardia
His BP bc its in the hypertensive category
His 02 levels bc he needs supplemental 02
His breaths per min. bc they are almost tachypnea
67
The normal Sv02 range is...
60-100%
50-90%
25-40%
60-80%
68
How is blood obtained for an ABG?
by the friendly hospital vampire Eddy
through a puncture of only the radial artery
through only a puncture of the carotid artery
through a puncture of either the radial or femoral artery
69
What are risk factors are associated with PAD? SATA
disease process, increased lipids, and HTN
Age, race, and tobacco use
exercises, fluid intake, and taste in music
family history, diet, and weight
70
What is included when looking at a patients arterial blood gas (ABG) lab work?
PaC02, pH, Sa02, Sv02 & Bicarb
Pa02, PaC02, pH, & Sa02
Pa02, PaC02, Bicarb, Sv02 & Sa02
Pa02, PaC02, pH, Bircarb & Sa02
71
What are 2 nursing diagnoses you could make for Mr. Hudson?
knowledge deficit
Risk for cardiac output
ineffective tissue perfusion
impaired gas exchange
72
The patients Pa02 levels indicates the percent of...
02 dissolved in salt water
02 dissolved in the blood
02 dissolved in the plasma
02 dissolved in carbondioxide
73
When a patient has a known thrombosis in their lower leg, it is okay to use compression socks and compression devices?
True
False
74
As Mr. Swanson's nurse what would you do during your diagnostic assessment? SATA
collect a sputum analysis and pulse oximetry
do an ABI
have CBC and ABG labs drawn
gather a detailed Hx and do a physical exam
75
What would this lung sound be an indication of?
interstitial edema, loss of lung volume, early heart failure
excess fluid within the lungs, heart failure, COPD, pulmonary edema
pneumonia and plural effusion
bronchospasm, airway obstruction, COPD
76
What medications are used to treat PAD?
ACE inhibitors
Statins
anti-platelets and anti-coagulants
opioids
77
Case Study - Stanley Hudson - Hypertension
who has high blood pressure
in season 5 episode 13 stanley suffers a heart attack due to stress
were going to treat him as our patient
and see if we can get Stanley back on the right track :)
78
Starting off easy, the right side of the heart carries blood to the _1)_ and the left takes blood to the _2)_.
1) Body 2) Lungs
1) Lungs 2) Body
1) Lungs 2) Brain
1) Brain 2) Body
79
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, and pericardium
endocardium, visceral, and epicardium
inner, muscle, and outer layers
endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium
80
Who is most at risk for getting Buergers disease?
older men with Hx of smoking
children under the age of 12
young women with Hx of smoking
young men with Hx of smoking
81
What are the common organisms that cause MDR pneumonia? SATA
Staphylococcus aureus
gram-negative bacilli
fungi
influenziae
82
Calcium Channel blockers are okay to use in drug therapy for a patient with Raynaud's?
False
True
83
What does the systolic number in our BP readings measure?
contraction of the heart muscle and ejection of blood
the blood flowing into the two major coronary arteries
the flowing of blood into the ventricles
the amount of time for the blood to return to heart from body
84
For CAP when can drug therapy start?
as soon as possible!
when you identify the color and consistency of the sputum
when the gram stain test comes back
once the culture and sensitivity comes back
85
____ ____ ____ is based on the knowledge of drugs known to be effective for the likely cause.
Empyreal Antibiotic Therapy
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy
Empire Antibiotic Drugs
Empirical Antiviral Therapy
86
Why is surfactant essential?
increases surface tension in alveoli to cause alveolar to collapse
increases surface tension in alveoli to prevent alveolar from collapsing
lowers surface tension of alveoli to prevent alveolar from collapsing
lowers surface tension of alveoli to cause alveolar to collapse
87
What are clinical manifestations of Pneumonia?
sneezing, diaphoresis, aches, chest pain
cough, fever, chills, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, & tachypnea
fever, body aches, bradypnea, tachycardia
88
What are some manifestations a patient would present with if they have moderate hypoxemia?
asymptomatic
restlessness, tachycardia, dyspnea and hypertension
confusion, lethargy, dysrhythmias, hypotension and respiratory distress
cyanosis, coma, respiratory and/or cardiac arrest is possible
89
What are the respiratory defense mechanisms? SATA
cough reflex
filtration of air
mucociliary clearance system
alveolar macrophages
90
What are the different types of pneumonia?
CAP, HAP, VAP, aspiration and opportunistic
CAP, HAP, VAP, and MDR
CAP, HAP, VAP, MDR, aspiration and opportunistic
CAP, HAP, VAP, and opportunistic
91
Primary or Essential HTN is ___1)___ & ___2)___ .
2) 90-95% of the population has it
1) has an unknown cause and develops over years
2) only affects 5% of the population
1) has a known cause and develops suddenly
92
What diagnostic study for the resp system is used to diagnose sus lesions in veins that are difficult to assess by Xray?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Computed Tomography (CT) scan
Pulmonary Angiogram
Ventilation-Perfusion (V/Q) scan
93
Let's start off easy! The right lung has ___ many lobe(s) and the left lung has ___ lobe(s).
RL: 3 LL: 2
RL: 2 LL: 1
RL: 2 LL: 3
RL: 1 LL: 2
94
What is the structure labeled 2 in the purple circle?
SA Node
AV Node
Bundle of His
Purkinjie Fibers
95
YOU DID IT!!! Congratulants you made it to the end!! Y'all have studied so hard and you're going to do great!!
GO TAKE 4 TEQUILA SHOTS!! YOU EARNED IT!!
YOURE GONNA ACE THIS!!
YOU GOT THIS!!!
YOURE GOING TO DO AMAZING!!
96
Arterial oxygenation saturation (Sa02) is...
the amount of oxygen bound to hematocrit aka our 02 sat.
the amount of oxygen bound to plasma aka our 02 sat.
the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin aka our 02 sat.
the amount of oxygen bound to a hemo-goblin aka our 02 sat.
97
What is a risk or a complication of thoracentesis?
pulmonary embolism
jazz hands
Atelectasis
pneumothorax
98
As you examine Mr. Swanson, what symptoms does he present with based off of the video? SATA
Dyspnea
sweating
fever and chills
cough
99
When treating AAC you would use IV unfractionated heparin as part of your drug therapy?
True
False
100
Secondary or Inessential HTN is _1)_ & _2)_.
1) has an unknown cause and develops over years
2) only affects 5% of the population
2) 90-95% of the population has it
1) has a known cause and develops suddenly

Pneumonia, Hypertension, and Vascular Disorders....... OH MY! part 1 Flashcards | StudBud