According to the medical model...

abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease

Anhedonia is when a person...

has difficulty experiencing pleasure

When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...

an avoidance-avoidance conflict

You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which

demonstrates an illusory correlation

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...

personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level

The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..

the personal qualities of the residents

If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...

the other boy started it and he was defending himself

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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 148

Answers

1
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in openness
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
2
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become aggressive
fall into a coma
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
3
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; personality
4
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
sciatic receptors
olfactory cilia
5
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
6
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
tumor ligation
lesioning
ESB
7
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
location of injury
thalamus
cortex
spinal cord
8
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
sensory memories
9
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
amygdala
cerebellum
reticular formation
brainstem
10
Anhedonia is when a person...
has trouble getting along with people
has two different psychological disorders
experiences mild manic states
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
11
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
print letters
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
sing a song
12
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
schematizing
cognitive structuring
cultural direction
stereotypes
13
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
gamma
alpha
delta
beta
14
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalopedal trend
the proximodistal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
15
The early school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of consciousness?
psychoanalysis
neodynamism
behaviorism
functionalism
16
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
prefrontal cortex
17
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
18
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
displacement
fixation
compensation
regression
19
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
action potentials
antagonists
agonists
neurotransmitters
20
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
postconventional
concrete
preconventional
conventional
21
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
stimulus discrimination
selection
step-wise conditioning
22
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
sequential
cross-sectional
longitundinal
time of testing
23
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a false alarm
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
24
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
partial storage
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
25
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
representativeness
predictability
accuracy of inference
26
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
group polarization
deindividuation
social loafing
27
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
saturation
color
brightness
28
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
illusions
hallucinations
delusions
obsessions
29
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
perception
consciousness
sensation
hypnosis
30
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a contravened stereotype
a heuristic observation
31
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
cognition
mentalism
introspection
32
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
give cookie
cookie
33
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
avoidance therapy
aversion therapy
psychotherapy
systematic desensitization
34
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
display rules
investment differentiations
social scripts
parental investments
35
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
36
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
insomnia
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
37
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
38
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
39
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
marital problems
anxiety disorders
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
40
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
dopamine
serotonin
acetylcholine
41
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
reinforcement
observational learning
42
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
thalamus
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
43
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender differences
gender roles
gender behaviors
44
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
job discrimination experienced by the residents
the personal qualities of the residents
45
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
not really been asleep
been dreaming
not been dreaming
46
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
opiates
pathogens
prenatals
47
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
loud noise
rabbit
rat
48
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
latency
oral
genital
anal
49
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
spatial
logical-mathemathical
musical
50
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
51
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he always gets in fights
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
52
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test scales
test scores
test norms
53
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
54
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
prejudices
stereotypes
attributions
55
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological stability
psychological instability
physiological stability
physiological instability
56
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
platonic
morphemic
mnemonic
57
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
instinct theory
drive theory
58
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
resistance to pain
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
59
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
endocrine system
60
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
corpus callosum
61
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
the reciprocity norm
display rules
62
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
gonads
pituitary
thyroid
thalamus
63
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
temporal lobe
stirrup
cochlea
64
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mode
mean
midpoint
median
65
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
66
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
sensory
long-term
intermediate-term
67
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
creativity
reasoning
intelligence
68
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
69
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
conformity
obedience
70
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentiles
means
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
71
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
pancreas
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
72
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
afferent nerves
73
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
None of the Above
wish fulfillment theory
74
Framing refers to...
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
75
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
syntax
phonemes
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
76
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
crystallized
fluid
procedural
77
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
shared inhibition
secure-avoidant
strange situation
attachment probing
78
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
79
What drug increases GABA, impairs judgement and depresses CNS?
methamphethamine
heroin
alcohol
cannabis
80
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
heroin
cocaine
marijuana
mescaline
81
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
relearning
recognition
reiteration
82
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
83
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
abstract operations
84
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
85
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
86
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
smelling an odor
87
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
encoded
modeled
retrieved
ablated
88
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
timbre
loudness
decibels
89
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
psychoanalytic
behavioral
humanistic
90
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
attachment
personality
behavioral quality
temperament
91
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Sperry's area
92
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
individualism
functionalism
attributionism
93
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a developmental psychologist
94
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
positive reinforcement
escape learning
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
95
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
96
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
absolute
construct
criterion-related
content
97
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
feeding
memory
the autonomic nervous system
98
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a hallucinogen
a narcotic
an amphetamine
a sedative
99
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
tree-bird
boat-goat
car-nose
100
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
latent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
101
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
attitude is to action
102
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
a behavior rating
a projective test
103
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
104
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
classical conditioning
punishment
operant conditioning
105
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
106
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
107
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
108
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
an achievement test
an intelligence test
a personality test
109
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
fear
happiness
surprise
sadness
110
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
111
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
112
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
exposure to light
amount of time awake
113
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
excessive guilt
social charm
manipulative behavior
aggressiveness
114
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a distinctive attribution
an internal/dispostional attribution
an external attribution
a situational attribution
115
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
116
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
an obsession
a phobia
a delusion
117
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
118
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the correlational group
the experimental group
the observational group
119
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
120
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
irrational thoughts
the unconscious
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
121
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
schizophrenic
mood
anxiety
personality
122
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
123
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
constancy
closure
similiarity
124
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
125
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
iris
lens
cornea
126
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
conversion disorder
fugue
127
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
behavior
the unconscious
conscious experience
the brain
128
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
REM
stage 2
stage 4
129
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
130
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
reversibility
centration
conservation
131
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
schema
script
semantic network
132
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
133
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
134
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
food/meat powder
tone
light
salivation
135
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
content validity
standardized validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
136
Who is the father of psychology?
William James
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
137
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
semantic slanting
138
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
basis for performing pro-social behavior
halo effect in aggression
139
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
140
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
avoidance
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
141
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
bipolar
unipolar
dissociative
cyclical
142
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
143
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
processing
attention
sensation
perception
144
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
145
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
146
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
conjunction heuristic
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
147
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
conflict
pressure
change
frustration
148
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
physiological recordings
questionnaires
direct observation
psychological tests

Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud