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Unit 6: Evolution & Natural Selection Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 6: Evolution & Natural Selection
Unit 6: Evolution & Natural Selection
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1
The idea that horses evolved suddenly over a short period of time then showed little change
macroevolution
punctuated equilibrium
gradualism
microevolution
2
As an environment changes and some organisms have a higher fitness than others, natural selection acts directly on
acquired traits
existing variations
genetic material
individual organsims
3
Hind LEG bones in a whale are
structures analogous to the wings of an early ancestor
vestigial structures that functioned in an early ancestor
homologous structures to the wings of flying insects
fossil structures from an extinct species
4
Overuse of pesticides leads to _____ in insects.
mutations
resistance
over breeding
healthiness
5
Example of a vestigial structure?
wing of a bird
paw of a lion
pelvic bone of a snake
tail of a cat
6
Humans and gorillas have one different amino acid in their hemoglobin, what does this say about their evolution?
they may be related
humans evolved from gorillas
they have no common ancestors
they are the same species
7
The different shapes of Galapagos finch beaks results from
each finch evolved from a different ancestor
random genetic mutations
different types of foods available
finches mating with inland finches
8
Frequency of a trait in a population showing little change in allele frequency over many generations is experiencing
genetic drift
genetic mutation
gene flow
genetic equilibrium
9
According to principles of natural selection, populationss can adapt and survive disease epidemics due to
taking vaccines
deciding to mutate DNA
improved hygiene
genetic variation
10
Overuse of antibiotics leads to resistance in bacteria.
True
False
11
Which of the following is NOT an example of evidence of evolution?
extinction
homologous structures
embryology
DNA
12
NOT evidence that life arose from a common ancestor?
extinction
embryos of organisms have similarities
homologous structures
analogous structures
13
Role of genetic mutations in evolution?
necessary to promote genetic variations
not necessary
necessary to respond to environmental changes
necessary to promote genetic uniformity
14
In natural selection, the selective agent is/are
people
breeders
mutations
environment
15
A major element of natural selection is that all species have genetic
mutations
stability
variation
abnormalities
16
Species evolving at a slow and constant rate
convergence
adaptive radiation
gradualism
punctuated equilibrium
17
Light colored rock pocket mice populations on dark surfaces were not camouflaged well and suffered predation due to
mutations
changes in habitat
natural selection
adaptations
18
Kit fox and red fox cannot produce offspring but look similar are examples of ______ evolution.
micro
convergent
divergent
simultaneous
19
Using excavated fossils from different rock layers can be used to determine the approximate or ___ __ of the samples.
old ages
new ages
absolute ages
relative ages
20
Two different horses are members of the same genus and species
have the same number of chromosomes
produce fertile offspring
have the same DNA
have identical coat color
21
In terms of evolution, your success in life is determined by
your ability to earn a lot of money
a long life
your ability to produce children
your grades in school
22
Beak types of different Galapagos finch species are examples of
fossils
analogous structures
adaptations
vestigial structures
23
The structures show below are examples of
analogous structures
homologous structures
fossil structures
vestigial structures
24
Biological molecule would not offer much information about the history of life?
protein
RNA
carbohydrates
DNA
25
Which in NOT a mechanism by which evolution occurs?
extinction
natural selection
gene flow
mutation
26
During an ice age, natural selection would favor organisms that
swim
are adapted for surviving cold temperatures
are predators
carry out photosynthesis
27
NOT used to determine relationship between organisms
body size
DNA
bone structure
RNA
28
A population of species is geographically separated, over time the two populations will
have different allele frequencies
be very different due to genetic mutations
remain genetically identical
go extinct
29
What is an effect of adaptive radiation?
the rate of speciation decreases
many new species form
mass extinction
geographical isolation
30
The broadest category in the hierarchy of classification?
kingdom
phylum
order
class
31
An idea that is well tested and supported by a lot of evidence is called a
theory
swell idea
scientific fact
hypothesis
32
Not an example of evolution?
all finch species descending from a common ancestor
a catepillar changing into a moth
dog's brains becoming larger over time
giraffes' necks becoming longer over time
33
Which one is NOT a principle of natural selection?
variation
DNA
adaptation
descent with modification
34
These analogous structures
grew from different embryonic tissues
have different shapes and sizes
grew from similar embryonic tissues
are made of different materials
35
Theory of ____ is the idea that eukaryotic cells are descendants of aerobic prokaryotic cells.
mutualism
neo Darwinism
endosymbiosis
parasitism
36
Best description of organisms most fit to survive?
advantageous traits for camouflage
larger, stronger, smarter
production of offspring
organisms without mutations in DNA
37
A large decrease in the number of different alleles in a population's gene pool
genetic drift
gene flow
genetic mutation
genetic equilibrium
38
Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce
better traits
more offspring
stronger genes
few mutations
39
What evidence supports the idea that the layers are from one continent?
there are some matching fossils in all locations
marine fossils are found in different layers of all locations
matching fossils in layer A for all 4 locations
fossils in layer C contain Carbon-14
40
Farmers use ____ ____ to produce the best milk cows and plant crops.
intentional selection
artificial selection
natural selection
random selection
41
Butterfly and bird wings are used for flight but have a different structure. These are ________ structures.
vestigial
similar
analogous
homologous
42
Not a principle of natural selection
increasing intelligence with age
adaptations
competition for resources
overproduction of offspring
43
Evidence of speciation?
the number of individuals leaving the population
the number of individuals in each population
populations of organisms can no longer interbreed
one population is better adapted to its environment
44
Birds & insects are thought to be distant relatives because have
similar feeding habits
the ability to fly
similar DNA
wings
45
Scientific study of how organsims develop from an egg into an independent organism
embryology
cytology
phylogony
zoology