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Class version Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) Flashcards | StudBud
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Class version Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750)
Class version Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750)
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1
In Moscow. Built by Tsar Ivan the IV ('the terrible') for the Christian Eastern Orthodox Church.
French Empire
Spanish Empire
German Empire
Russian Empire
2
"Port factories" for foreign merchants in Tokugawa Japan
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
3
Located in Agra, India. It is a "MAUSOLEUM". Shah Jahan ordered it built for the tomb of his favorite wife Mumtaz.
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
4
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
South & Southeast Asia
Andean South America
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
5
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
6
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
7
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
8
Why was Spain's sponsorship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage in 1519 historically SIGNIFICANT?
It was the first time a European state sponsored a transoceanic voyage.
It was the first exchange of plants and animals between hemispheres.
It was the first circumnavigation of the entire world.
It was the first time Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere.
9
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
The Caribbean & Brazil
South & Southeast Asia
Andean South America
West and Central Africa
10
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
11
M.East/N.Africa/Europe. Turks. Sunni Islam. Beat old Byzantine Empire. Fought Shia Muslims. Ruled by a "Sultan".
C) Safavid Empire
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
12
What was the
ECONOMIC EFFECT
of Europe's presence in Asia during this era?
Europe completely dominated all Asian markets
Europe's manufactured goods became highly in demand by Asian consumers
Europe's "trading posts" prospered by using silver to trade for luxuries.
Europe dominated Japan's markets, but was shutout of China
13
All of the following are true of Christopher Columbus' 4 voyages
EXCEPT
:
His mission to reach India succeeded so he established trading posts there.
His Spanish state-sponsored voyage created the 2nd maritime empire.
His voyages made Europeans interested in exploring beyond Afro-Eurasia.
His ships were a new design known as a "caravel".
14
In Isfahan, Iran. A mosque for SHIA Islam. Built by Shah Abbas in new capital city, it was the Royal Mosque.
Mughal Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Safavid Empire
Ottoman Empire
15
In Beijing, China. Built for the "Celestial Emperor" & seat of government for 500 years. Very Confucian layout!
Mughal Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Safavid Empire
Ottoman Empire
16
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
17
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
18
All of the following were parts of Martin Luther's arguments against the Catholic Church
EXCEPT
He argued the Bible should be translated to local languages.
He argued against the sale of indulgences.
He argued that all Catholic customs should be questioned.
He argued that doing good works was more important than faith.
19
How did Emperor Aurangzeb change the Mughal Empire's religious policies?
He was religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
He converted to a new religion: Sikhism
He tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
He converted to Buddhist traditions.
20
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy, spurring Portugal et al to explore, was
the Ottomans
the Safavids
the Manchu Qing
the Mughals
21
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
22
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
23
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
24
Middle East. Persia. Shia Islam. Went to war with Ottomans. Ruled by a "Shah."
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
25
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used their__________ to legitimize their rule.
Technological powers
Economic powers
Cultural religious powers
Social powers
26
The
SANTERIA
religion of CUBA (in the Caribbean) would have been a blend of all of these cultures
EXCEPT
African Yoruba Shamanism
East Asian Buddhism
Spanish Catholicism
Native American Animism
27
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
28
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
29
Compared to other land-based empires, Japanese expansion between 1450-1750 relied MOSTLY on__________
Spreading their culture to foreign lands.
Direct military conflict with foreign empires.
Emigration and overseas economic trade.
The imposition of their feudal system on others.
30
What is a TRUE social cause of Latin American 'Castas'?
Women increasingly asserting their desire for suffrage.
European men married Native or African women, creating mixed families
Whole families fled religious violence in Europe to create settler colonies
The Spanish crown wanted to give equal rights to Natives and Africans.
31
All of the following statements are true. Which one could you prove with the
CULTURAL
evidence from the Casta painting?
Eurasian & American foods mixed in the 'Columbian Exchange.'
Local bureaucratic elites were recruited to maintain imperial control.
Maritime empires used syncretic religions to legitimize their rule.
Taxation, trade, and coerced labor provided revenue for imperial expansion.
32
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which Unit 2 trade network?
Regional trade in the Americas
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
The Silk Road
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
33
Qing Dynasty defeated Ming Dynasty. What new military tech. helped them MOST both in that war and against pastoralists?
Bows and arrows
Infantry with shields and swords
Horse saddles & stirrups
Gunpowder, guns, & cannons
34
If you wanted to add arrows on the map to show "Triangular Trade", they'd show
European goods to Africa & Americas crops to Europe
Americas goods to Africa & African slaves to Europe
European cash crops to Americas & African goods to Europe
African cash crops to Europe & Americas silver to Asia.
35
What happened as a result of this transition in Chinese dynasties?
End of Mongol Empire led to takeover by classically Chinese dynasty.
Japanese "Ming" warriors conquered all of China.
The Korean "Ming" asserted their power & took over China
The Mongols changed their name from "Yuan" to "Ming".
36
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To glorify Sunni Islam.
37
In Istanbul, Turkey. Mosque for SUNNI Islam. Built for Sultan Süleyman. Also a MAUSOLEUM for tombs of Sultans.
Safavid Empire
Ottoman Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Mughal Empire
38
All of the following are true of the British E.I.C. and the Dutch V.O.C. between 1450-1750
EXCEPT
:
The E.I.C. focused on cotton trade while the V.O.C. focused on spice trade.
The E.I.C. conquered the Mughals, but the V.O.C. lost Southeast Asian wars.
V.O.C. "fluyts" carried more cargo making them more profitable than E.I.C.
Both companies were a mixture of state & private investments.
39
All of the following are true of the effects of the slave trade IN Africa. Which was a
SOCIAL
consequence?
Missionaries brought Christianity into Western and Central Africa.
Some states increased in power because they profited from the trade.
The population of Africa stagnated even as Eurasia's rapidly grew.
More men were taken as slaves causing imbalances in gender and families.
40
The expansion of empires led to conflict with each other. What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought?
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
41
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
42
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
43
South Asia. Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
44
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
45
How did the Unit 4 European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires of Units 1, 2, & 3?
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
46
What was a SECURITY reason for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the south and east?
It wanted to take advantage of the rich trade in fur.
It wanted to stop pastoralist and Muslim expansion.
It wanted to control sea trade in the Indian ocean.
It wanted to spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
47
All of these civilizations participated in Unit 2 Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
48
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
Abolished slavery within the empire.
Took Christian children as tributes for the army.
49
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
50
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
Christianity and Islam
Native American and African cultures
51
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
52
Before 1450, this empire ruled the largest land-based empire in history & "set the stage" for most Eurasian Empires.
Mongol Empire
Roman Empire
Egyptian Empire
Han Dynasty
53
"Yasak" or forcing Siberians to give furs to the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
54
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
55
"The Cossacks" of the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
56
Below is a scene from the 30 year's war after the Reformation. This war involved fights between
Protestants vs. Catholics
Philosophes vs. Absolute Monarchs
Sunni vs. Shia
Hindus vs. Muslims
57
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
silver-backed currencies.
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
caravels using lateen sails.
colonies in the Americas.
58
Throughout the Americas, policies of the European empires were resisted by
maroon societies
. What were these?
Africans resisting slavery by running away & fighting for freedom.
Native Americans resisting land confiscation.
Merchants resisting state tariffs (taxes) on trade.
Protestants & Catholics resisting religious laws.
59
East Asia. Took power from Ming who took over after Yuan. Confucianism. Security motivated their move into Central Asia.
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
60
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
61
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
The challenge to authority by local elites.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
62
Which breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution most challenged traditional religious views?
The study of astronomy & the place of the sun in the solar system
The study of mechanics that led to breakthroughs in machinery
The study of mathematics that led to ideas of probability, binomials, & -#s
The study of the anatomy of the human body
63
Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Hinduism and Buddhism
Islam and Confucianism
Hinduism and Islam
Christianity and Judaism
64
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It had a small Muslim minority governing over a large Hindu majority.
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu minority.
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
65
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
chattel slavery
mit'a
encomienda
indentured servitude
