Earth Science Fall Semester Questions

Question 1

Rocks formed when the structure/make up of the existing rocks, is changed due to heat, pressure or chemical reactions.

Accepted Answer

Metamorphic

Question 2

Means "to turn to stone" and occurs when rocks are compacted and cemented.

Accepted Answer

Lithification

Question 3

Are long-tear shaped mounds of till.

Accepted Answer

Drumlin

Question 4

A mineral's tendency to break into an irregular shape.

Accepted Answer

Fracture

Question 5

Is the mineral's resistance to being scratched.

Accepted Answer

Hardness

Question 6

The study of the atmosphere, associated with forecasting.

Accepted Answer

Meteorology

Question 7

What the second layer of the oceanic crust is made of

Accepted Answer

basalt

Question 8

_______ structures have no visible layers or bands.

Accepted Answer

Non-foliated

Question 9

Light-colored, lightweight igneous rock rich in silicon and aluminum.

Accepted Answer

Felsic rock

Question 10

Large boulders transported by glaciers

Accepted Answer

erratics

Question 11

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools beneath the surface.

Accepted Answer

Intrusive

Question 12

These minerals are salts, rock salt is a good example.

Accepted Answer

Halides

Question 13

The bending of light due to a change in the wave's speed as it passes from one medium to another.

Accepted Answer

Refraction

Question 14

Sulfur and one or more metal make these up, pyrite is a good example.

Accepted Answer

Sulfides

Question 15

A substance's ability to be shaped or formed by hammering or pressure.

Accepted Answer

Malleability

Question 16

Dark-colored, heavy, igneous rock rich in iron, magnesium and calcium.

Accepted Answer

Mafic Rock

Question 17

__________ is probably the greatest factor in the rate of weathering.

Accepted Answer

Climate

Question 18

The study of earthquakes

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Seismology

Question 19

The outermost rigid layer of the earth.

Accepted Answer

Lithosphere

Question 20

Are made of two or more metals or a metal and nonmetal.

Accepted Answer

Alloy

Question 21

The standard unit for volume.

Accepted Answer

Liter

Question 22

Ancient land masses made of crystalline rock are known as _________.

Accepted Answer

Shields

Question 23

Is a chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen.

Accepted Answer

Oxidation

Question 24

The slow movement of soil down a steep slope

Accepted Answer

earthflow

Question 25

Rocks expand in heat and contract in cold; this continuous cycle curves rocks. This process is ____________.

Accepted Answer

Exfoliation

Question 26

The rapid downhill movement of a large amount of rock and soil.

Accepted Answer

landslide

Question 27

The study of the solid Earth

Accepted Answer

Geology

Question 28

A mineral's tendency to split along a parallel flat surface.

Accepted Answer

Cleavage

Question 29

The study of fossils

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Paleontology

Question 30

The study of the Earth and the universe.

Accepted Answer

Earth Science

Question 31

The ability for a metal to glow under ultraviolet light.

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence

Question 32

Describes the way a mineral's surface reflects light.

Accepted Answer

Luster

Question 33

__________ metamorphism occurs when large pieces of crust rub against each other changing the existing rocks.

Accepted Answer

Regional

Question 34

Is the color of the powder left by a mineral when it is rubbed against a streak plate.

Accepted Answer

Streak

Question 35

Folded rocks forming young mountains.

Accepted Answer

mobile belts

Question 36

Scientific laws are often called _____________ they cannot be broken or disobeyed.

Accepted Answer

Empirical Laws

Question 37

_________ sedimentary rock is composed of organic materials from decaying organisms

Accepted Answer

Organic

Question 38

The study of rocks and minerals.

Accepted Answer

Mineralogy

Question 39

The amount of space an object occupies.

Accepted Answer

Volume

Question 40

___________ sedimentary rock is composed of minerals that were onced dissolved in water.

Accepted Answer

Chemical

Question 41

The amount of matter in an object.

Accepted Answer

Mass

Question 42

These minerals contain carbon and oxygen and are in many shells of marine invertebrates.

Accepted Answer

Carbonates

Question 43

A substance's ability to be drawn into a wire.

Accepted Answer

Ductility

Question 44

The standard unit for length

Accepted Answer

Meter

Question 45

Where water carries dissolved minerals through the sediments and leaves minerals in between.

Accepted Answer

Cementation

Question 46

_________ are thin, parched soil

Accepted Answer

Deserts

Question 47

The downhill movement of loose rocks and soil due to gravity.

Accepted Answer

mass wasting

Question 48

Rocks formed from sediments that have been compacted and cemented together.

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary

Question 49

These minerals contain oxygen and one other element which are used to make aircraft parts.

Accepted Answer

Oxides

Question 50

__________ is the most powerful erosion force on Earth.

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 51

This is the breaking down of a compound by a chemical reaction using water.

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 52

Rocks that are formed from cooled and hardened magma and lava.

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Question 53

A large block of soil and rock that slides downhill along a curved slope.

Accepted Answer

slump

Question 54

Puts pressure on sediments pushing them together.

Accepted Answer

Compaction

Question 55

Rocks that are made from separate rock particles and fragments, eroded from older rock.

Accepted Answer

Clastic

Question 56

The standard unit for mass.

Accepted Answer

Gram

Question 57

These contain oxygen and sulfur, gypsum is a common mineral of this group.

Accepted Answer

Sulfates

Question 58

Lichens are a type of ______________ weathering.

Accepted Answer

Biological

Question 59

___________ glaciers spread out over a large area of land.

Accepted Answer

Land

Question 60

The mechanical process in which water freezes and expands, widening cracks in rocks is called _________.

Accepted Answer

Ice Wedging

Question 61

The application of science.

Accepted Answer

Technology

Question 62

Igneous rock that forms when lava cools on the surface.

Accepted Answer

Extrusive

Earth Science Fall Semester Questions

Questions 62

Earth Science Fall Semester Questions

Questions 62