stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
AP Psychology - AP Exam Review 2016 Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
AP Psychology - AP Exam Review 2016
AP Psychology - AP Exam Review 2016
138 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
977 plays
A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
138 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
138
Answers
1
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
job discrimination experienced by the residents
the personal qualities of the residents
2
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
smelling an odor
3
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
William James
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
4
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
cyclical
bipolar
dissociative
unipolar
5
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test scores
test norms
test scales
6
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
a potential score
a percentile score
IQ
7
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
iris
cornea
vitreous humor
lens
8
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
script
semantic network
schema
9
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
gamma
alpha
delta
10
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
print letters
sing a song
11
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
an amphetamine
a sedative
a hallucinogen
a narcotic
12
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
stereotypes
attributions
prejudices
13
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
14
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
15
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
16
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
symmetry
closure
similiarity
17
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
18
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
positive reinforcement
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
escape learning
19
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
20
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
a just noticeable difference
subliminal perception
21
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
22
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
attention
processing
perception
23
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
obedience
groupthink
cognitive dissonance
conformity
24
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
anxiety disorders
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
marital problems
25
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
oval window
stirrup
cochlea
26
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
standardized validity
27
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
28
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
29
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
30
The last area of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
occipital cortex
prefrontal cortex
hypothalamus
31
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a dispositional attribution
an external attribution
a distinctive attribution
a situational attribution
32
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
33
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
tree-bird
fill-feed
boat-goat
car-nose
34
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
individualism
functionalism
collectivism
attributionism
35
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
conservation
centration
reversibility
egocentrism
36
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
selection
37
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
38
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
39
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
attitude is to action
40
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
41
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
crystallized
episodic
procedural
fluid
42
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
questionnaires
psychological tests
physiological recordings
43
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the control group
the experimental group
the observational group
44
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
frustration
conflict
pressure
45
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
reiteration
recall
relearning
46
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender differences
gender stereotypes
gender roles
47
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 4
REM
stage 1
stage 2
48
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in openness
49
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
50
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
timbre
pitch
decibels
loudness
51
The involuntary process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious is called...
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
repression
52
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
schizophrenic
personality
anxiety
mood
53
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
I eated a cookie
cookie
i wanted a cookie
54
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
creativity
insight
intelligence
55
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
drive theory
incentive theory
56
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
been dreaming
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
57
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
panic disorder
fugue
bipolar disorder
conversion disorder
58
A valid test is one that...
is consistent
is reliable
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
59
SSRI's are what category of drug?
Mood Stablizers
Anti-Psychotics
Anti-Depressants
Anti-Anxiety
60
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a contravened stereotype
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a heuristic observation
61
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
brainstem
limbic system
cerebellum
62
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
punishment
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
63
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
musical
spatial
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
64
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were put into a simulated prison
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
65
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
narcotics
alcohol
sedatives
cannabis
66
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
67
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
68
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
lateral processing
bottom-to-top processing
69
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
happiness
fear
surprise
70
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
operant conditioning
71
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
mnemonic
phonemic
morphemic
platonic
72
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
opiates
prenatals
pathogens
73
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
concrete
preconventional
postconventional
74
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a delusion
a phobia
an obsession
a compulsion
75
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
behaviorism
functionalism
psychoanalysis
76
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
accuracy of inference
predictability
representativeness
77
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
action potentials
agonists
antagonists
neurotransmitters
78
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
location of injury
spinal cord
thalamus
79
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
retrieved
modeled
encoded
80
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
intelligence; personality
personality; standardized
standardized; intelligence
81
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
gonads
pituitary
thalamus
82
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
pancreas
83
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
84
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
social scripts
display rules
parental investments
investment differentiations
85
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
extinction
unconditioning
86
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
olfactory cilia
87
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
classical conditioning
observational learning
positive reinforcement
88
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
schematizing
stereotypes
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
89
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
secure-avoidant
attachment probing
shared inhibition
strange situation
90
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
he's just like his father
91
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
92
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
halo effect in aggression
basis for performing pro-social behavior
93
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
salivation
light
tone
food/meat powder
94
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
95
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
96
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
97
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological instability
psychological stability
physiological stability
physiological instability
98
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
defense mechanisms
id mechanisms
99
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
100
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
101
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
the semantic level of encoding
102
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
103
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
logical reasoning
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
104
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
105
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
insomnia
pseudoinsomnia
sleep apnea
106
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
operant conditioning
reinforcement
classical conditioning
107
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
an aptitude test
an achievement test
a personality test
108
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
109
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
display rules
the law of cognitive dissonance
the principle of collectivism
110
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
lesioning
tumor ligation
111
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
112
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
113
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Sperry's area
Broca's area
114
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
saturation
light purity
brightness
115
A person who perceives stimuli that isn't there is said to have...
illusions
hallucinations
delusions
obsessions
116
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
humanistic
behavioral
psychoanalytic
117
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
syntax
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
phonemes
118
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
rabbit
fear reaction
loud noise
119
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
consciousness
hypnosis
sensation
perception
120
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
limbic system
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
121
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
development of secondary sex characteristics
formal operations
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
122
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
attachment
behavioral quality
personality
temperament
123
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the unconscious
conscious experience
the brain
behavior
124
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
125
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
irrational thoughts
the conscious
the unconscious
126
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
127
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
midpoint
mode
median
mean
128
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
anal
oral
latency
genital
129
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
mentalism
cognition
intelligence
130
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
thalamus
pineal gland
parietal lobe
131
A perceptual set implies that...
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
132
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
memory
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
133
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
deindividuation
conformity
social loafing
group polarization
134
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
135
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
136
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
137
Maintenance Rehearsal is most beneficial for information in _______ memory.
sensory
long-term
short-term
intermediate-term
138
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
