Why do co-dominant alleles NOT produce simple Mendelian ratios?

Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype

Which statement best describes the relationship between proteins and polypeptides?

Proteins are composed of polypeptides

How does the manufacture of proteins in cells occur?

as a result of transcription and translation.

Which example shows how environment affects phenotype by altering the sequence of bases in DNA?

Nuclear radiation increasing birth defects in populations

Which following processes is made possible by the complementary nature of the bases in DNA?

Exact copying of both strands of the DNA during replication

Identify the significance of plant & animal DNA containing the same type of chemical compounds

Plants and animals share common ancestry

Which statement best describes the process of hybridisation frequentlyused in agriculture?

Crossing of two genetically different strains of a species

Identify one of the findings from Sutton and Boveri about chromosomes

Radiation can cause mutations in chromosomes

What finding from the study of comparative embryology supports the theory of evolution?

Embryos of fish and mammals look very similar

Which of the following statements best describes mutations?

They are changes in the genetic material of an organism

What is the best explanation for the successful development of transgenic species?

DNA is composed of the same chemical components

How have Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri contributed to the understanding of inheritance?

By identifying the importance of chromosomes in inheritance

How does the fossil record provide evidence to support the concept of punctuatedequilibrium?

Record shows short periods of rapid change in fossil forms

What is a likely adverse impact of the evolution of bacteria on the managing infectious disease

Quarantine of infected individuals no longer works.

Which statement best describes dominant characteristics?

They mask recessive characteristics

How are new alleles formed?

By mutation in the DNA of a gene

What does mitosis produce to assist in the maintenance of health?

Cells to replace those that are damaged

What is represented by this family tree?

Inheritance of a recessive trait

How do the embryos provide evidence for evolution?

The embryos have structures that look similar.

Which processes result in genetic variation of offspring?

DNA mutation and gamete formation

How did Mendel use reproductive techniques in his experiments?

Artificially pollinated pea plants to test other genotypes

For all doublestrands of DNA, which one of the following statements is true?

The numbers of G and C bases are equal

Mendel’s work not widely accepted until some time after he completed his experiments because

Journal that published his results was not widely accessed

Why are there small differences between the phenotypes of identical twins (same genotype) ?

Environment affects the expression of genes.

ATP, common to the metabolism of most organisms can be considered evidence for evolution. Why?

ATP gene developed in early organisms and was retained.

The gamete plays an important role in sexual reproduction because it carries

half the genetic information of the parent

Widespread use of artificial insemination can alter population genetic composition as

it makes certain alleles more common in a population.

Why is accurate replication of DNA important?

It maintains genetic information

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HSC Biology Quiz 2: Blueprint of Life

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#HSCBiology #Revision #Genetics

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Questions 48

Answers

1
Identify the type study that looks at evidence from the fossil record
palaeontology.
comparative embryology
comparative biochemistry
biogeography
2
Why do co-dominant alleles NOT produce simple Mendelian ratios?
Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype
Recessive allele affects expression of dominant allele.
Recessive allele is only expressed in homozygous genotype
Neither allele is expressed in the phenotype
3
Which statement best describes the relationship between proteins and polypeptides?
Proteins, unlike polypeptides, are composed of amino acids
Proteins are composed of polypeptides
Polypeptides are composed of proteins
Polypeptides, unlike proteins, are composed of amino acids.
4
How does the manufacture of proteins in cells occur?
by the process of translation
directly by the DNA in the nucleus
as a result of transcription and translation.
by the process of transcription
5
Which of the following does NOT influence genetic variability of gamete formation?
Independent assortment of alleles
Mutation
Crossing over in homologous chromosomes
Sex linkage
6
The work of which scientist led to the development of an understanding of sex linkage?
Morgan
Mendel
Boveri
Sutton
7
Comparing haemoglobin in different species provides evidence for evolution. Area of study is:
Biochemistry
Comparative anatomy
Biogeography
Comparative embryology
8
Which example shows how environment affects phenotype by altering the sequence of bases in DNA?
Nuclear radiation increasing birth defects in populations
High protein diets making children taller than their parents
Stress causing the expression of a different set of genes
Languag lessons improving intelligence in young children
9
Which following processes is made possible by the complementary nature of the bases in DNA?
Exact copying of both strands of the DNA during replication
Inheritance of coded information by offspring from parents
Pairing of Adenine to Guanine & Thymine to Cytosine
Coding of one nucleotide to the next along the length of DNA
10
Identify the significance of plant & animal DNA containing the same type of chemical compounds
Plants and animals share common ancestry
Plants and animals are composed of identical proteins.
Plants and animals are genetically identical
Plants and animals can interbreed.
11
Which statement best describes the process of hybridisation frequentlyused in agriculture?
Artificial selection & breeding of offspring within species
production of genetically identical offspring by cloning
Crossing of two genetically different strains of a species
The transfer of a gene from one species to another
12
In what category of evidence for evolution do extant flightless birds (e.g emu & kiwi) belong ?
paleontology
biogeography
biochemistry.
comparative embryology.
13
Which processes describes how sexual reproduction can result in variable offspring?
crossing over during gamete formation
both A and B
a random fusion of unique gametes during fertilisation
neither A nor B
14
Identify one of the findings from Sutton and Boveri about chromosomes
Sex is genetically determined by chromosomes
Chromosomes carry hereditary factors
Radiation can cause mutations in chromosomes
The structure of chromosomes is a double helix.
15
Which of the following provides evidence that supports the theory of evolution?
Clones
Punnet squares
The fossil record
The DNA double helix
16
What finding from the study of comparative embryology supports the theory of evolution?
Dominant chromosomes are passed on to embryos
Gametic mutation is common and leads to different embryos.
Embryos of fish and mammals look very similar
Embryos are easily fossilised
17
Which of the following statements best describes mutations?
They are changes in the genetic material of an organism
They always affect the next generation
They are changes in the chromosome number of aspecies.
They are the result of cancers
18
What is the best explanation for the successful development of transgenic species?
Genes from different animals of one species combines easily
Nuclear transplantation from cell to cell is easily achieved
Artificial pollination works across the plant kingdom
DNA is composed of the same chemical components
19
Which alternative lists ALL the chemical components of a chromosome?
Genes and DNA
Lipids, DNA and protein
Sugar, phosphate and bases
DNA and protein
20
How have Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri contributed to the understanding of inheritance?
By determining the structure of DNA
By demonstrating the effect of environment on phenotype
By improving knowledge of sex linkage
By identifying the importance of chromosomes in inheritance
21
How does the fossil record provide evidence to support the concept of punctuatedequilibrium?
record shows that some organisms have become extinct
Record indicates organisms change gradually over time
Record is incomplete
Record shows short periods of rapid change in fossil forms
22
What is a likely adverse impact of the evolution of bacteria on the managing infectious disease
Inherited diseases become more common
Some treatments lose their effectiveness
Viruses become resistant to antibiotics.
Quarantine of infected individuals no longer works.
23
Which statement best describes dominant characteristics?
They are more common than recessive characteristics
They occur in equal proportions to recessivecharacteristics.
They mask recessive characteristics
They are masked by recessive characteristics
24
How are new alleles formed?
By crossing over during meiosis
By cloning a new variety in a population
By production of a new phenotype from the same DNA
By mutation in the DNA of a gene
25
What does mitosis produce to assist in the maintenance of health?
Cells to replace those that are damaged
Prions to protect cells against cancer
Polypeptides to ensure cell growth
Gametes to ensure reproduction
26
What is represented by this family tree?
Inheritance of a dominant trait
Co-dominant inheritance
sex-linked inheritance
Inheritance of a recessive trait
27
Adenine forms 30% of the nucleotide bases in human DNA. How much Guanine is expected?
70%
20%
40%
30%
28
How do the embryos provide evidence for evolution?
Embryos have common characteristics due -divergent evolution
Different adults evolve from the embryos.
The embryos have different shaped eyes.
The embryos have structures that look similar.
29
Which processes result in genetic variation of offspring?
DNA mutation and gamete formation
Cell differentiation and polypeptide production
DNA mutation and polypeptide production
Cell differentiation and gamete formation
30
What are alternative forms of genes called?
Autosomes
Chromosomes
Chromatids
Alleles
31
How did Mendel use reproductive techniques in his experiments?
cloned pea plants with round seeds, increasing food supply
Artificially pollinated pea plants to test other genotypes
Created transgenic species by mixing tall & short pea plants
Inseminated the pea plants to achieve wrinkled seeds
32
Which TWO scientists were able to crystallise DNA to develop the first model of DNA?
Watson and Crick
Franklin and Wilkins
Darwin and Wallace
Beadle and Tatum
33
Identify the theory - patterns of rapid appearances/extinctions then little/no change.
Gradualism
Convergence
Punctuated equilibrium
Adaptive radiation
34
For all doublestrands of DNA, which one of the following statements is true?
The numbers of G and A bases are equal
The numbers of G and C bases are equal
Numbers of all bases (A,T,G & C) are equal
The numbers of T and C bases are equal
35
Mendel’s work not widely accepted until some time after he completed his experiments because
Mendel did not realise the importance of his own work.
Journal that published his results was not widely accessed
Biologists did'nt understand his explanation of results
Experiment wasn't repeated so considered unreliable
36
What process that results in organisms containing DNA from different species?
Translocation
Translation
Transcription
Transgenics
37
What is the genotype of pure breeding plants?
Homologous
Heterozygous
Monohybrid
Homozygous
38
How many sex chromosomes does a normal human female inherit from her mother?
1
23
46
2
39
Why are there small differences between the phenotypes of identical twins (same genotype) ?
Some genes are not co-dominant
Both parents are homozygous for those phenotypes
Environment affects the expression of genes.
Chromosomes segregate independently during meiosis
40
Which method did Rosalind Franklin use during her investigations of the structure ofDNA?
X-ray crystallography
Protein sequencing
Monohybrid crosses
Computer modelling
41
Which of the following is essential in any model of natural selection?
Random selection of prey
Differences in the population
A population of predators
High reproductive rates
42
Which reproductive technology only involves the transfer of the nucleus?
Cloning
Artificial insemination
Transgenesis
Artificial pollination
43
ATP, common to the metabolism of most organisms can be considered evidence for evolution. Why?
ATP transferred between organisms in early history
All species have evolved to suit the environment of Earth
All species same gene for ATP due to convergent evolution.
ATP gene developed in early organisms and was retained.
44
The gamete plays an important role in sexual reproduction because it carries
half the genetic information of the parent
all of the genetic information of the parent
double the genetic information of the parent.
genetic information from both parents
45
Widespread use of artificial insemination can alter population genetic composition as
it enures only the genetic composition males are altered
it decreases the number of chromosomes in some individuals
it makes certain alleles more common in a population.
it results in many genetically identical individuals
46
Identify the term describing gene for resistance to the toxin was transferred to a farm animal.
Cloning
Artificial pollination
Genetic engineering
Artificial insemination
47
Why is accurate replication of DNA important?
It enables cells to modify their proteins.
It allows for evolution of the species
It maintains genetic information
It leads to cell differentiation
48
Exposure to radiation (e.g) X-rays may change the sequence of bases in DNA.What is this called?
Transcription
Replication
Mutation
Translation

HSC Biology Quiz 2: Blueprint of Life Flashcards | StudBud