A valid test is one that...

measures what it is supposed to measure

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...

personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level

how alternatives in a decision problem are presented

The function of sensory memory is to...

hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer

Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...

an intermittent reinforcement schedule

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AP Exam Review

96 termsStudBud Administration104 plays

A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 96

Answers

1
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
tree-bird
car-nose
boat-goat
fill-feed
2
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the endocrine system
memory
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
3
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
episodic
procedural
crystallized
4
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
punishment
5
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
been dreaming
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
6
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
vitreous humor
lens
iris
7
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
ESB
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
tumor ligation
8
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a social psychologist
9
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
platonic
morphemic
mnemonic
phonemic
10
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
behavioral
cognitive
psychoanalytic
11
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
12
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
reiteration
relearning
recall
13
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
14
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
15
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
16
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an external attribution
a distinctive attribution
a situational attribution
an internal attribution
17
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
18
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the experimental group
the control group
the observational group
19
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
symmetry
closure
similiarity
20
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
salivation
food/meat powder
tone
light
21
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
attachment
temperament
behavioral quality
22
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
lateral processing
23
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
remain in continuous sleep
24
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
25
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
personality; standardized
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
intelligence; personality
26
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
means
percentiles
standard deviation
27
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
instinct theory
drive theory
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
28
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
29
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
gustatory bulbs
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
30
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
31
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
William James
G. Stanley Hall
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
32
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
33
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
direct observation
physiological recordings
psychological tests
34
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
postconventional
preconventional
conventional
concrete
35
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
shaping
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
36
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
37
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
rabbit
loud noise
fear reaction
38
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
action potentials
neurotransmitters
agonists
antagonists
39
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
a personality test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
40
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological stability
psychological instability
physiological instability
physiological stability
41
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
42
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
cultural direction
schematizing
43
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebral cortex
44
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
prejudices
attributions
self-serving bias
stereotypes
45
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
a just noticeable difference
46
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
limbic system
endocrine system
47
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
48
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
temporal lobe
cochlea
stirrup
49
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
light purity
brightness
saturation
50
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
efferent nerves
afferent nerves
51
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
cortex
location of injury
thalamus
52
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
mode
median
midpoint
53
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
low in extraversion
low in openness
high in agreeableness
54
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
displacement
fixation
compensation
55
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
extinction
56
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
57
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
consciousness
hypnosis
perception
sensation
58
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
59
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
timbre
decibels
loudness
pitch
60
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
shared inhibition
secure-avoidant
attachment probing
61
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
development of secondary sex characteristics
post-conventional moral reasoning
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
formal operations
62
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
classical conditioning
positive reinforcement
observational learning
63
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
gamma
beta
delta
alpha
64
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
65
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
prefrontal cortex
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
66
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
predictability
representativeness
accuracy of inference
consistency
67
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
68
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
an unconditioned response
escape learning
positive reinforcement
69
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
70
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
linguistic heuristics
syntax
phonemes
71
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
attributionism
functionalism
individualism
collectivism
72
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
teratogens
pathogens
prenatals
73
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scales
test scores
test levels
test norms
74
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
75
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
modeled
ablated
encoded
76
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
give cookie
cookie
77
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
the brain
behavior
the unconscious
78
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
79
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
perception
processing
attention
80
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
sedatives
narcotics
alcohol
81
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
82
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he's just like his father
he always gets in fights
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
83
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
84
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
85
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
86
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
corpus callosum
thalamus
parietal lobe
87
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
chunk
semantic network
schema
88
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
seeing a flash of light
89
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
abstract operations
90
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
91
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
92
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
electrographic tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
positron emission tomography
93
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
amount of time awake
cultural practices
94
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
95
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
centration
reversibility
conservation
96
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a projective test
a behavior rating
a self-report inventory

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