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Scientific Foundations
Scientific Foundations
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History and Research Methods
Flashcards
25 cards
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1
Which area in psychology would be most likely to study the phenomenon of "peer influence"?
Psyiological
School
Comparative
Social
2
An experiment is done on only men but the research is used to give both men and women advice. This is an example of
gender bias.
Age Bias
Cultural Bias
Courtesy Bias
3
An experiment is performed to see if Taylor Swift’s music improves learning. The independent variable is
music
learning.
the material studied.
the size of the group.
4
A psychologist observes the confrontation between two rival neighborhood gangs from the window of an abandoned building.
controlled experimentation.
experimental regression.
clinical case study.
naturalistic observation.
5
A set of exact procedures that represent particular variables is called a(n)
case study.
defining characteristic.
operational definition.
abstract definition.
6
Giving placebos in drug experiments is necessary to
counteract the random assignment of subjects.
counteract the side effects of the drug.
control for the effects of suggestion and expectation.
keep control subjects from knowing they have been given the drug.
7
An educated guess about what is controlling some behavior is called
a hypothesis.
experimental control.
an experimental variable.
a theory.
8
Which of the following psychological theories is known as the one that emphasizes "free will"?
Neo-Freudian psychology
Psychodynamic psychology
Behaviorism
Humanistic psychology
9
To replicate an experiment means to
use control groups and experimental groups.
control for the effects of extraneous variables.
use statistics to determine the effect of chance.
repeat the experiment using either identical or improved research methods.
10
Which of following psychologists is most likely to help children whose parents are divorcing
Industrial-organizational
Social
Counseling
Research
11
One of the reasons to study psychology is
To learn how to manipulate others
To completely understand and predict human behavior
To have all the answers to all of life’s questions
To understand the human mind and how it works
12
The conditions that a researcher wishes to prevent from affecting the experiment are called
constants.
confounding/extraneous variables.
independent variables.
dependent variables.
13
William James wrote Principles of Psychology and founded
Humanism
Behaviorism.
Functionalism.
Structuralism.
14
In a study of effects of alcohol on driving ability, the control group should be given
no alcohol at all.
a high dosage of alcohol.
one-half the dosage given the experimental group.
a driving test before and after drinking alcohol.
15
The key idea in the behavioristic view is that
Behavior is the result of clashing forces of the personality
Behavior can be understood in terms of the mental process
Environment plays a very small role in controlling behavior.
Behavior is shaped and controlled by one's environment.
16
Half the subjects get the procedure, half the placebo; which they receive is not known to subjects or experimenters
Placebo Blind
Blind Blind
Single Blind
Double Blind
17
Which psychologists is primarily interested in thinking processes?
Personality
Learning
Cognitive
Social
18
To estimate the degree of the relationship between birth order and motivation, a researcher would do a(n) __ study
inventory
naturalistic
experimental
correlational
19
Todd is interested in helping people make good decisions regarding their physical well being. Todd is a
Industrial-Organizational psychologist
Health psychologist
Forensic psychologist
Social psychologist
20
Subjects in experiment are chosen so that each has an equal chance of being in either the experimental group or control
hypothetically.
randomly.
alternately.
consecutively.
21
The "father" of psychology and founder of the first psychological laboratory was
Sigmund Freud.
John B. Watson.
Wilhelm Wundt.
B. F. Skinner.
22
Who studies the historical behavior of a single species.
Cognitive
Sociocultural
Evolutionary
Biological
23
In an experiment to find out if taking Mountain Dew increases IQ scores, the IQ scores would be
a control variable.
the independent variable.
the dependent variable.
an extraneous variable.
24
Psychologist investigates the methods teachers use to enhance learning. Which subfields is this
School
Social
Experimental
Educational
25
A psychologist using the method of naturalistic observation would
observe behavior as it happens outside the laboratory or clinic.
make records of the behavior of clients treated in therapy.
rely on observations of subjects' responses to questionnaires.
carefully design controlled situations in which to observe behavior.
