Myocardial Ischemia

Which results in dysfunctional myocytes that do not improve MVO2? Can also worsen supply/demand balance

Reduce the magnitude of slow inward Ca2+ current and produce negative inotropic effect

How nitroglycerin sublingual tablet bottles should be stored?

What are some unwanted effects of Organic Nitrates?

What are some adverse effects of Ranolazine?

Which beta blocker would you choose for treating myocardial ischemia?

Central to understanding the pathophysiology of mycocaridal ischemia is the concept of - myocardial supply and demand

Reduce myocardial oxygen demand primarily by decreasing heart rate and contractility

Blood pressure is reduced by...

Which makes myocardial work easier and reduces MVO2?

Nitrates and ___ can be combined together to potentiate therapeutic effects of reducing angina.

Under normal conditions, any given level of a demand for oxygen, the myocardium will be supplied w/ oxygen rich blood

Produces the highest degrees of peripheral vasodilation

Inhibition of late INa by ranolazine could reduce [Na+]i-dependent Ca2+ overload and its detrimental effects

The normal coronary circulation is dominated and controlled by the heart's requirements for oxygen

Which of the following statements best define afterload?

What are some uses for Organic Nitrates?

Coronary blood flow occurs during diastole, bc during systole the blood vessels within the myocardium are compressed

Which are correct about Isosorbide Mononitrate?

Angina pectoris is the cheif manifestation of chronic CAD

What is the mechanism of organic nitrate-induced headache?

What are the cardiovascular action direct effects at lower concentrations?

Verapamil and Diltiazem but NOT Nifedipine

Β Blockers with ______, such as pindolol, are avoided in ischemic heart disease bc they can exacerbate angina

What are the agents that decrease O2 demand?

Increased afterload will cause a decrease in stroke volume

Organic Nitrates are Contraindicated in...

Why are calcium channel blokcers useful in myocardial ischemia?

Variant (Prinzmetal's or vasopaastic) angina responds well to calcium channel blockers

What are some powerful risks for IHD (ischemic heart disease)?

Which of the following would cause an increased myocardial oxygen supply?

Organic nitrates exert the majority of their vasodilator action

The major determinants of myocardial oxygen demand (MVO2) are:

Which decreases preload ONLY?

Glyceryl trinitrate is ____ by glutathione S-transferase to produce the active metabolite NO

Which primarily decrease preload and some extent afterload?

How do beta blockers reduce myocardial O2 demand?

Organic nitrates avoids first pass effect when taken ______ route, to achieve rapid therapeutic levels

ACE inhibitors, ARBs, decrease mainly afterload and also to certain extent preload

When used in chronic angina, ___ decrease the peak heart rate achieved during exercise & delay the time onset of angina

Arterioles appear to be more sensitive than veins

Which CCB should NOT be combined with beta blockers bc of combined adverse effects on HR and contractility?

What are the agents that increase O2 supply?

Calcium channel blockers (esp dihydropyridines) decrease only afterload with very little or no effect on preload

La Place's Law: T = (P x R) / M

Which of the following statements best define preload?

Ranolazine is metabolized MAINLY by

What is the mechanism of action of ranolazine?

What are the cardiovascular action direct effects at higher concentrations?

Once a bottle has been opened, its shelf life is quite short bc voltaile active substance evaporates