The presence of wastes, like plastic bags & motor oil, in lakes & streams miles away from developed areas suggests that

Ecosystems are interconnected & human actions alter ecosystem equilibrium

Why are there so few aquatic plants and phytoplankton that live at the bottom zones in the ocean?

Most sunlight is absorbed before reaching these levels.

Using the diagram below, choose which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?

Carbon dioxide and water released by CR are used in photosynthesis

Which set of parents can most likely produce a child with type O blood? (A and B are codominant; O is recessive)

One parent with heterozygous type A; the other parent with type O blood

Which of the following are abiotic factors that shape ecosystems?

Wind, precipitation, and soil type

Use the graph below to examine the population of mullet fish and answer the question.

The amount of aquatic plants in the area decreased

Man-made antibiotics represented a huge leap foward in life-saving medicial advancements when used properly.

Antibiotics should only be prescribed to people with bacterial infections.

Which technology would probably be the most important to a person who had diabetes and had to take insulin every day?

Using recombinant DNA to produce human hormones from bacteria

How does comparing the skeletons of these animals below provide support for the scientific theory of evolution?

It shows possible common ancestry between organisms based on structures

Which explains why cells containing mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage? (theory endosymbiosis)

They were able to make more use of available energy

A boy inherits a recessive allele from his mom. When would he likely show the trait coded for by the recessive allele?

The allele is on the X chromosome

Glucose is too large to pass through the cell membrane, but is needed for ATP production. How does it get into a cell?

Active transport using ATP and carrier proteins

Leaves play a fundamental role for plants that have them.

Gases for photosynthesis are exchanged through the surface of the leaf

What are the possible phenotypes if crossing a black rabbit that carries Himalayan x light grey Himalayan carrier?

50% black; 25% Himalayan; 25% light grey

Biotechnology allows humans to manipulate the DNA in plants and animals. Farmers are growing more GMO foods today.

A decrease in genetic diversity of the crops

Several types of white blood cells perform specific roles in the human immune system.

They engulf and destroy bacteria.

How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?

Sexual reproduction requires 2 parents; asexual reproduction requires one

At what point in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why?

Before division; provide two cells with a complete set of DNA instructions

Which of the following is NOT part of Darwin's observations that describes the mechanisms of natural selection?

Disease and natural disaster will limit population growth

Read the experiment carefully. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph below?

Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period

Which statement can be inferred from the evolutionary tree?

Species 5 is most closely related to Species 6.

Which of the following describes fertilization?

A sperm joining an egg to form a zygote

Read the experiement pictured below. Which is the best conclusion for this experiment?

High acidity is harmful to this type of plant

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water. Why does the swelling decrease?

Water in the gums moves out due to the high concentration salt solution

What function does ATP carry out in living things?

Used to capture and transfer energy

Which best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem?

There's less energy in the 4th level due to metabolism at all levels below

In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?

Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces CO2

Which statement below most closely explains the link between jaw size and hominid evolution?

Jaws of hominids evolved to be smaller and less protruding over time

Humans impact the environment in a number of ways. Read the passage below and answer the question.

Whale populations can't recovering as quickly as they could if all stopped

Which of the following would most likely cause a mutation?

Insertion of a nucleotide into DNA

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Biology EOC Review Wells

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EOC practice questions from ESCAMBIA practice test. (Best practice option)

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Questions 95

Answers

1
The presence of wastes, like plastic bags & motor oil, in lakes & streams miles away from developed areas suggests that
Natural processes can alter ecosystem stability
Recycling programs have failed to conserve biotic resources
Direct harvesting has led to irreversible destruction of ecosystems
Ecosystems are interconnected & human actions alter ecosystem equilibrium
2
Plant cells that are specialized for cell division (meristematic) are most likely found in what part of the plant?
Leaf epidermis
Stem epidermis
Vascular tissue
Root tips
3
Complete burning of plant material (combustion) returns carbon primarily to the ___________.
Water
Atmosphere
Herbivores
Vegetation
4
The table below lists the traits for fruit color where allele R exhibits incomplete dominance over allele R'.
50%
100%
25%
75%
5
The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
8
20
12
4
6
Why are there so few aquatic plants and phytoplankton that live at the bottom zones in the ocean?
Most sunlight is absorbed before reaching these levels.
Water is a limiting factor.
The temperature in these zones is extremely low.
The ocean floor contains many decomposers.
7
Using the diagram below, choose which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?
Carbon dioxide and water released by CR are used in photosynthesis
Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of CR
Glucose is used during CR to make food that is broken down duringphotosyn
Oxygen is produced during CR and stored during photosynthesis
8
Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins?
1
3
2
4
9
Which set of parents can most likely produce a child with type O blood? (A and B are codominant; O is recessive)
One parent with homozygous type A; the other parent with homozygous type B
One parent with heterozygous type A; the other parent with type O blood
One parent with type AB blood, and the other parent with type A blood
One parent with type AB blood and the other parent with type O blood
10
Which of the following are abiotic factors that shape ecosystems?
Niches, trees, and bacteria
Wind, precipitation, and soil type
Worms, plants and temperature
Sunlight, mushrooms, and wind
11
Use the graph below to examine the population of mullet fish and answer the question.
The temperature of the area increased
The amount of aquatic plants in the area decreased
Mullet prey increased in the area
Mullet parasites decreased in the area
12
Man-made antibiotics represented a huge leap foward in life-saving medicial advancements when used properly.
Antibiotics should only be prescribed to people with bacterial infections.
Antibiotics should be made available to anyone without a prescription.
Antibiotics should no longer be used.
Anti-viral medications should now be used instead of antibiotics.
13
Several types of evidence support the theory of evolution. Read the passage below and answer the question.
Migration
Evolution by natural selection
Inbreeding
Commensalism
14
Plants play several important roles in biogeochemical cycles. One such role involves the water cycle.
Precipitation
Capillary action
Condensation
Evaporation
15
Which technology would probably be the most important to a person who had diabetes and had to take insulin every day?
Developing ways to identify criminals through DNA fingerprinting
Engineering fruits and vegetables that resist insects and other pests
Testing parents for genetic disorders before they have children
Using recombinant DNA to produce human hormones from bacteria
16
Under the theory, origin of life on Earth (chemical evolution) which event would need to occur first for life to evolve?
Synthesis of organic molecules
Formation of the plasma membrane
Origin of genetic material
Onset of photosynthesis
17
How does comparing the skeletons of these animals below provide support for the scientific theory of evolution?
It provides information to determine the organisms' ages
It shows possible common ancestry between organisms based on structures
It shows possible chromosomal similarities between organisms
It provides information about the organisms' habitats
18
Which explains why cells containing mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage? (theory endosymbiosis)
They were immune to bacterial invasion
They were able to photosynthesize
They were able to make more use of available energy
They had more DNA
19
A boy inherits a recessive allele from his mom. When would he likely show the trait coded for by the recessive allele?
The allele is on the Y chromosome
The baby inherits the dominant allele from his father
The allele is on the X chromosome
The allele is on an autosomal chromosome and the baby is a twin
20
Glucose is too large to pass through the cell membrane, but is needed for ATP production. How does it get into a cell?
Passive transport by osmosis
Active transport using ATP and carrier proteins
Phagocytosis
Passive transport by diffusion
21
Leaves play a fundamental role for plants that have them.
CO2 enters through the surface of the leaf for cellular reproduction
Gases for photosynthesis are exchanged through the surface of the leaf
Energy for cellular reproduction is absorbed through the surface of leaves
Water enters the plant through the surface of the leaf for transpiration
22
What are the possible phenotypes if crossing a black rabbit that carries Himalayan x light grey Himalayan carrier?
25% Himalayan; 25% chinchilla; 50% light grey
50% black; 25% Himalayan; 25% light grey
50% light grey; 50% black
75% black; 25% Himalayan
23
A diagram of a cellular process is shown below. Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?
Translation
Translocation
Replication
Transcription
24
Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?
The light microscope
Computers
X-rays
The scanning electron microscope
25
Biotechnology allows humans to manipulate the DNA in plants and animals. Farmers are growing more GMO foods today.
An increase in the use of pesticides
A decrease in crop productivity
A decrease in genetic diversity of the crops
An increase in the contamination of the water supply
26
Several types of white blood cells perform specific roles in the human immune system.
They form a barrier against pathogens.
They produce antibodies.
They engulf and destroy bacteria.
They bind to antigens and develop into plasma cells.
27
Which of the following is true of a zygote?
It produces haploid male gametophytes
It is an unfertilized egg
It forms into a blastocyst
It is made up of only one cell
28
How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?
Sexual reproduction requires 2 parents; asexual reproduction requires one
Asexual reproduction occurs only in multicellular organism
Asexual reproduction requires 2 parents; sexual reproduction requires one
Mutation rates are lower in sexual reproduction than asexual reproduction
29
A diagram of a food web is shown below. Which organism receives the least amount of energy from the producers?
Lizard
Rabit
Hawk
Mouse
30
At what point in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why?
Before division; ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells
After division; provide two cells with a complete set of DNA instructions
During cell division; ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells
Before division; provide two cells with a complete set of DNA instructions
31
Which of these best completes this concept map shown below?
Prokaryotic Cell
Virus
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
32
Which of the following is NOT part of Darwin's observations that describes the mechanisms of natural selection?
Organisms with advantages will survive and reproduce
Organisms produce more offspring than can survive
Species today descended with modifications from ancestral species
Disease and natural disaster will limit population growth
33
What information about the organisms best helps the scientists to determine the evolutionary relationships among them?
Anatomical features
Reproductive Strategies
DNA sequences
Habitat types
34
Read the experiment carefully. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph below?
Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds
Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period
Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds
Infection in creed-fed ponds remained constant through the sampling period
35
Which statement can be inferred from the evolutionary tree?
Species 3 is most closely related to Species 7.
Species 5 is most closely related to Species 6.
Species 2 is most closely related to Species 3.
Species 1 is most closely related to Species 8.
36
A new predator of the Marmot is introduced, which population will most likely increase as a result?
Chipmunk
Grizzly Bear
Berries
Grass
37
Which of the following describes fertilization?
Sperm and egg production
Formation of germ layers in a deuterostome
A sperm joining an egg to form a zygote
Cell differentiation to form a blastula
38
Read the experiement pictured below. Which is the best conclusion for this experiment?
High acidity is harmful to this type of plant
Low acidity is harmful to this type of plant
High acidity is helpful to this type of plant
Acid has no effect on the health of this type of plant
39
A plant species lives in an area with limited sunlight. Which physiological adaptation would be most useful?
Colorful flowers
Deep roots
Large leaves
Thin cuticle
40
The enzyme lactase will break down the sugar lactose into which of the following components?
Amino acids
Monosaccharides
Phospholipids
Nucleic acids
41
Due to independent assortment, what is the possible genetic make-up of gametes produced by this organism?
SsTt
Ss, Tt
S, s, T, t
ST, St, sT, st
42
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water. Why does the swelling decrease?
Swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.
Saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums
Salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient
Water in the gums moves out due to the high concentration salt solution
43
Which row in the chart below indicates the correct process for each event indicated?
Row 3
Row 1
Row 4
Row 2
44
What function does ATP carry out in living things?
Identifies DNA start sequences for transcription
Helps maintain the fluidity of cell membranes
Aids in protein folding and coiling
Used to capture and transfer energy
45
Read the following passage. Which component is missing from Carmen’s experiment?
Question
Hypothesis
Control group
Description of the experiement
46
Classify a compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom.
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Protein
47
Which best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem?
There is more energy in the 2nd tropic level due to less energy for hunting
Less energy is available to producers because their tissues are less dense
Birds of prey have more energy as they can store it in dense muscle mass
There's less energy in the 4th level due to metabolism at all levels below
48
In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?
Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen
Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP
Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces CO2
Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy
49
Which statement below most closely explains the link between jaw size and hominid evolution?
Jaws of hominids evolved to be larger and more protruding over time
There appears to be no change in the jaws of hominids over time
The jaws of hominids changed over time due to a change in brain size
Jaws of hominids evolved to be smaller and less protruding over time
50
Humans impact the environment in a number of ways. Read the passage below and answer the question.
Whale populations are rebounding & are unaffected by Japan & Norway hunting
Whales are getting better at avoiding capture.
Whale populations have mutated into new kinds of organisms
Whale populations can't recovering as quickly as they could if all stopped
51
Which of the following would most likely cause a mutation?
Insertion of a nucleotide into DNA
Placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum
Movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus
Release of messenger RNA from DNA
52
New fuels being produced by converting corn/grass into compounds w/ alcohols, brake down as energy in engines. Purpose?
Reduce the use of nonrenewable resources.
Increase the rate of air pollution.
Reduce the rate of homeostasis in organisms.
Cause a loss of biodiversity in the rain forests.
53
Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondrian
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Ribosome
54
Which of the following can be determined by observing the embryos shown in the diagram?
The organisms share a common ancestry.
The organisms are native to the same geographic areas.
The organisms will grow into anatomically similar adults.
The organisms belong to the same genus.
55
Which conclusion can be made from the observations in the experiment below?
Only species Y is anaerobic.
Both species X and Y are anaerobic.
Only species Y is aerobic.
Both species X and Y are aerobic.
56
An activity that occurs in the human body is shown below. This activity helps to do which of the following?
Regulate production of ATP by the cell
Provide protection against pathogens
Eliminate harmful gene alterations
Produce antibiotics to control disease
57
Read and answer the question below.
UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine
The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil
Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid
Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes
58
Cell membranes of red blood cells allow water, oxygen, & CO₂ to pass, but other substances are blocked from entering.
Permeable
Perforated
Non-conductive
Semi-permeable
59
Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?
Eukaryotic and anaerobic
Prokaryotic and aerobic
Prokaryotic and anaerobic
Eukaryotic and aerobic
60
What is the term for a strong response or overraction by the body to a harmless antigen in the environment?
Inflammatory response
An allergy
An autoimmune disease
Cell-mediated immunity
61
Changing environments prevent species from adapting and surviving.
False
True
62
Which of the following characteristics is found only in organisms classified in the kingdom fungi?
Single cells without a nucleus
Colonies of single, photosynthetic cells that reproduce asexually
Multicellular with chloroplasts
Multicellular filaments that absorb nutrients
63
Water is called the universal solvent, because many substances dissolve in water. What property of water allows this?
Polarity and cohesion
High heat capacity
Purity
Expansion upon freezing
64
Removing which group would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy & nutrients flowing through the system?
Decomposers
Consumers
Inorganic nutrients
Producers
65
Using the information in the chart, what color coat would a rabbit have if their genotype was C^chc?
Light grey
Albino
Black
Himalayan
66
Which processes are involved in the cycling of carbon within an environment?
Evaporation and condensation
Transcription and translation
Photosynthesis and respiration
Diffusion and transpiration
67
Which of the following is a limiting factor in a population of organisms.
Fluctuations in atmospheric temperature
Availability of food
Life spans of the members
Reproductive replacement
68
Due to humans, many invasive species have been introduced into new habitats.
The possum population grew to a larger size.
The possums became extinct.
The possums developed shorter life spans.
The possum population evolved into a different species.
69
Which of the following describes an event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?
Replication of cellular genetic material
Four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
Daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
Two stages of cell division
70
Drinking alcoholic beverages is harmful to the development of a fetus. Why is more damage done early in pregnancy?
The fetus cannot excrete wastes.
Alcohol can easily enter the mouth of the fetus.
The lungs of the fetus become functional.
Many of the essential organs of the fetus are forming.
71
If the xylem in a young tree is damaged, which process is affected?
Transporting sugar from the leaves to the roots
Transporting water from the roots to the leaves
Performing photosynthesis
Repairing damage to tissue
72
What is the body's first line of defense against infection by foreign organisms?
Lymph nodes
Antibodies
Skin
White blood cells
73
Which of the following best illustrates natural selection?
All members of a community work to share existing natural resources
Only the largest members of a speices receives breeding opportunities
Monopolization of all the resource in a habitat forcing other speices out
Favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and be passed on
74
This diagram shows a pedigree for a recessive genetic disorder. What is the genotype of individual 6?
XhY
XHXh
XHXH
XHY
75
Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?
Bacteria
Both plant and animal cells
Only animal cells
Archaea
76
Read the passage below, and answer the question relating to the theory of the origin of life on Earth.
Amino acids spontaneously form from molecules in the atmosphere today
Organic molecules are present today in extremely high concentrations
Successful labs modeled synthesizing organic molecules from a mix of gases
No other alternative hypotheses have been introduced
77
Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of new scientific knowledge?
All cells come from other preexisting cells.
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life
Cells form through spontaneous generation
All living things are made of cells.
78
Humans can impact the environment in many ways, including changing the dynamics of ecosystems with new speices.
Pythons may interbreed with native snakes producing successful a species
Pythons may prey on native organisms and cause native population to decline
Pythons could adapt to overcome diseases common to native snakes
Pythons could upset the territorial boundaries of native organisms
79
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?
Ribosome - protein synthesis
Vacuole - cell division
Nucleus - storage of nutrients
Mitochondrion - movement
80
pH of water in some lakes in Norway decreased below 5 due to more acid rain. Which will most likely happen in the lake?
Increased predator-prey relationships
Increase in the amount of primary producers
Increase in numbers of fish
Decline of several fish populations
81
Which characteristic do most plants have in common?
They are unicellular
They are autotrophic
They produce seeds
They are prokaryotic
82
Which of the following describes the most likely impact of desalination on the surrounding ocean environment?
Ocean salt levels would cause loss of species & imbalanced marine food webs
Increased salts/ minerals would result in overpopulation ofmarine bivales
Methane gas would pollute the ocean as shoreline organisms begin to die
Nonrenewable resources in the ocean would be depleted & upset the ecosystem
83
Humans can impact the environment in farming practices. Read and answer the question below.
Algae provide food for fish & organisms, causing decreased algaepopulations
Algae use up oxygen to decompose, reducing the amount for otherorganisms
Extra nitrogen provides more food for organisms, increasing theirpopulation
The water becomes better able to support aerobic organisms
84
What is the human embryo called after the eighth week of development?
A zygote
A morula
A fetus
An infant
85
Species with greater genetic diversity tend to adapt more easily to changing environments.
False
True
86
Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
Water is able to moderate temperature.
Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
Water expands as it freezes.
Water is an excellent solvent.
87
What is the name of this cellular process that occurs in organisms?
Meiosis
Mitosis
Phagocytosis
Endocytosis
88
After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?
B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells to devour the viruses
B-cells use recognition to defend the body against other types of pathogens
B-cells produce antibodies quickly if there is contact with measles again
B-cells quickly recognize & respond to any other virus indvading the body
89
Some genetic traits are coded for by many different alleles at several different loci across chromosomes.
AAbbCC
AaBBCc
AabbCC
aaBbcc
90
When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for a certain population, which of the following is true?
Growth and immigration rate is greater than death and emigration rate.
Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate.
Growth and immigration rate is less than death and emigration rate.
Growth rate is exponential.
91
The relationship between photosynthesis & cellular respiration is shown below. The numbered boxes represent what?
1 - carbon dioxide; 2 - water
1 - nitrogen; 2 - oxygen
1 - water; 2 - nitrogen
1 - oxygen; 2 - carbon dioxide
92
In living cells, enzymes act as catalysts, reducing the amount of activation energy required for a chemical reactions.
A
D
C
B
93
Which species is most closely related to species L?
Species G
Species F
Species I
Species E
94
Which of the following describes a way that a person's health can be affected by heredity?
A person with a family history of obesity is more likely to catch a cold
A person with a family history of high blood pressure having heart disease
A person with a family history of obesity less likely to try weight loss
A person with a family history of cancer is less likely to be screened
95
Read the short paragraph below. What does the information show?
Decisions of one human generation may have an impact on future generations.
It takes humans over 50 years to analyze a glacier.
DDT and other pesticides cause glacier runoff during the summer
Precipitation helps to break down pesticides.

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