Chapter 6 Chemistry & Chemical Safety

a change in the chemical composition or makeup of a substance

A solution that has a pH below 7

alcohols that evaporate easily

If you were the owner of the local spa, why is it important that there's an SDS for every chemical?

When salt is dissolved into water, _________.

Hydrogen peroxide should never be mixed with bleach because _________.

Guidelines for properly storing chemicals do NOT include _________.

an alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products

SDSs are designed for _________.

a substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer

If a client requests you use a solution that is neutral to his skin, which of the following pHs should you be using?

chemical reaction that releases a significant amount of heat

The effects of cosmetics and beauty products are based on how _________.

safety information about products compiled by the manufacturer, including hazardous ingredients, safe use

Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

_________ for the disposal of many of the chemicals used in salons or spas.

What is the overexposure principle used to describe?

abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets emulsified in oil

special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers

Of all the elements known to science today, _________ occur naturally on Earth.

a measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance

easily absorbs moisture; in chemistry terms, capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving)

sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

the abbreviation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions

the simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance w/o a loss of identity

During combustion of a substance, _________ accompanies the rapid oxidation.

also known as redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced

Which of the following is capable of igniting and burning?

having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)

substances that should not be mixed or even stored near each other

prolonged, repeated, or long-term exposure that can cause sensitivity

a substance that releases oxygen

a contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify

ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together & binds them into a uniform & fairly stable mixture

a colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions

To which of the following do all acids owe their chemical reactivity?

rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

When acids are mixed with alkalis in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water (h20) and a salt

a very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners; commonly known as lye

_________ is an example of a compound molecule.

material that is capable of igniting and burning, and easier to ignite than combustible material

unstable physical mixture of 2 or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient to bind

liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile)

_________ is an example of a compound molecule.

Abbreviated AHA's; acids derived from plants (Mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin

a stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances

an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

What do immiscible liquids form when they are combined?

The very first surfactants were _________.

chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to occur

In the uniform order of the SDS, _________ comes immediately after the first category of “Identification.”

colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

a chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions

abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water

Which of the following is TRUE of products that are incompatible?

a substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound