stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
AP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
158 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
393 plays
#appsychology
Flashcards
158 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
158
Answers
1
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
2
When first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
hearing
touch
sight
3
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
disinhibition
social facilitation
social roles
4
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
5
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed variable
continuous
6
What is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
7
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
8
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
9
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
10
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
11
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
12
An A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
secondary
continuous
primary
13
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
14
Which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
leading questions
proactive interference
brain injury
relearning effect
15
Which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
clinical psychologist
16
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
17
What is the purpose of the DSM V?
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
18
Testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
longitudinal study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
19
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
20
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodation
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
21
Children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
22
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
positive psychology
23
Patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
24
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sensory adaptation
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
25
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
sublimation
mirror neurons
latent learning
26
En route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
feature detectors
fovea
optic chiasm
27
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
28
Which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
double blind study
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
29
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
30
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
cut with a knife
clap their hands
write with a pencil
31
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
32
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
33
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
a mental set
34
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
just world bias
35
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
discrimination
habituation
assimilation
36
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
superordinate goals
stereotyping
37
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
deindividuation
group polarization
groupthink
social facilitation
38
The somatic nervous system is part of the
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
39
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
40
Turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
41
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
archetypes
42
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
43
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
44
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
45
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
46
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
autism
47
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
terminal button
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
48
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
antagonists
activation-synthesis
dissociation
49
Our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
50
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
cognitive
evolutionary
psychodynamic
51
Which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
optic nerve
rods
cornea
52
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
53
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
54
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
make new friends
55
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
56
Classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
57
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
group polarization
58
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
59
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
60
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
EQ test
61
What is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
62
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
63
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
sleep spindles
delta waves
alpha waves
64
Which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
semicircular canals
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
65
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
66
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
67
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
68
Your girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
self-serving bias
overconfidence
hindsight bias
69
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
70
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
attachment
71
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
cerebellum
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
72
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
73
If the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
content validity
predictive validity
74
Authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
75
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
modeling
76
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts of the goal
token economy
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
behavior shaping
77
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
78
Physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
79
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
80
Which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
81
Light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
fovea
retina
iris
82
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
pons
83
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
cognitive
trait
psychoanalytic
84
Which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
William James
85
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
86
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
social learning theory
the law of effect
the overjustification effect
87
The "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
morpheme
phoneme
grapheme
88
People who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
observational learning
latent learning
insight learning
89
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
situational
fundamental
internal
external
90
Which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
91
Which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
92
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
93
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
variances
modes
normally distributed
94
Damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
hearing
touch
sight
95
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
frequency theory
96
Which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
97
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
98
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
serotonin
adrenaline
acetylcholine
99
What kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
100
Which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Babinski
stepping
Moro
101
Which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
trait
humanist
102
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
103
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
projection
reaction formation
sublimation
104
In the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
culture
environment
temperament
105
Psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
personality
schizophrenic
dissociative
106
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
serial position effect
107
A charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
108
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
109
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
experiment
naturalistic observation
case study
110
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
retinal disparity
linear perspective
convergence
111
Which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
in-group bias
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
112
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
113
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
mean
range
standard deviation
114
Which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
achievement
standardized
projective
115
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
personalities
sleep cycles
daily activities
116
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
lithium
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
117
Learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
118
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
EEG
PET
119
What kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
120
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
semantic encoding
121
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
122
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
early 20s
mid 30s
late 40s
123
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
124
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
125
A test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
126
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
latency period
anal stage
oral stage
127
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
128
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
129
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
standardization
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
130
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
131
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
motor development
assimilation
parenting style
132
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
133
A musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
difference threshold
134
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
135
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
136
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
dispositional
social
situational
137
Seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
episodic memory
138
Which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
cerebellum
amygdala
hypothalamus
139
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
biological
140
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
141
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
142
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
structuralist
cognitive
behavioral
143
Counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
token economies
REBT
systematic desensitization
144
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
cognitive
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
145
Negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : increase
146
The limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
planning for the future
147
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
148
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
extraversion
conscientiousness
openness
149
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
procedural memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
150
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
151
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
152
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
genetics and nutrition
153
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
50
95
68
84
154
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
155
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
156
Which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
standard deviation
range
median
157
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
158
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory