In the outer regions of the solar system, which planets grew more slowly? Why?

Uranus and Neptune; material was scarce.

In the Mystic Mountain, part of the Carina Nebula, what is hidden? What is visible?

Protostars are hidden ; outflowing jets are visible

Closer to the sun, what happened to dust particles?

They built from grain of rock & metal forming rocky boulders

As protoplanets near the sun hurtled around, what happened?

They began to crash into each other in violent collisions.

Before his death, Nicolaus Copernicus published what?

Heliocentric model of the solar system: Sun at the center

Galileo's pioneering of telescopic observations support what?

The Sun-centered model, much like Copernicus's theory.

Kepler's laws did what, pertaining to other scientists?

Resolve flaws in Copernican model & inspire Newton

Icy rubble from the Kuiper Belt was disturbed by what?

The wanderings of Jupiter and Saturn.

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are what?

Innermost planets; small, solid globes made of rock & iron

How do certain comets, including Halley, travel?

Around the Sun in the opposite direction of the planets

In the outer regions of the solar nebula, what did the debris consist of?

Tiny grains of frozen water, methane, and ammonia.

Fast-growing Jupiter developed enough gravity to do what?

Pull gas from the solar nebula & build hydrogen-helium world

Beyond the frost line, what happened to the dust particles?

They gradually enlarged into masses of ice.

Icy rubble from the Kuiper bely may have done what to Earth?

Delivered water, kick-starting rise to life.

Debris from the era of planet formation litters the solar system in the form of what?

Asteroids, comets, and Kuiper Belt objects

Closer to the middle of the solar nebula, what was the sun boiling away?

Volatile compounds, leaving only particles of rock & metal

How were the planets of our solar system born?

A whirlpool of colliding debris left from the suns formation

Mercury owes its huge core to what?

A catastrophic impact that stripped away its rocky mantle

When Saturn's"year" became exactly twice of Jupiter, what happened?

Gravitational resonance threw Neptune & Uranus farther out, The planets migrated to their current position

A million years after the birth of the solar system, the region near the sun did what?

Swarmed with 50-100 moon sized rocky bodies

During the collisions of rocky protoplanets, what happened?

Bigger protoplanet succeeds, scooping up smaller competition

If the Sun were the size of a basketball, how big would Neptune be? How far away?

A grape; 1.5 miles away (2.5 km).

How far is an AU in measurements?

About 93 million miles (150 million km).

For centuries, people believed what about the cosmos?

The Earth was at the center with heavenly bodies orbiting

Isaac Newton's supremely important book was what? Why?

Principia; it laid the foundation of modern physics.

As dust particles jostled together in space, what happens?

They become electrostatically charged & stick to one another

Analysis of rocks brought back to the Earth from Apollo suggest what?

The moon formed by a impact between Earth & another planet.

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are what?

Outermost planets; bloated giants formed of gas & liquid

How can scientist discover the exact age of the solar system?

By analyzing the radioactive atoms in the meteorites.

Isaac Newton shows what in Principia?

How force works, How gravity keeps planets in elliptical orbits, 3 laws of motion

Inside the frost line, what was happening?

Rocky debris formed 4 terrestrial planets with metal cores

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Intro: Family of the Sun

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Answers

1
In the outer regions of the solar system, which planets grew more slowly? Why?
Uranus and Neptune; material was abundant.
Pluto; material was scarce.
Uranus and Neptune; material was scarce.
Jupiter and Saturn; material was scarce.
2
How fast does the sun orbit?
12,000 miles or 20,000 km
120 miles or 200 km
1200 miles or 2000 km
1,200 miles or 2,000 km
3
How fast does Halley's Comet travel?
150,000,000 mph (240,000,000 km/hr)
240,000 mph (150,000 km/hr)
15,000 mph (24,000 km/hr)
150,000 mph (240,000 km/hr)
4
In the Mystic Mountain, part of the Carina Nebula, what is hidden? What is visible?
Protostars are hidden ; outflowing jets are visible
Protostars are hidden ; outflowing jets are hidden
Protostars are visible ; outflowing jets are visible
Protostars are visible ; outflowing jets are hidden
5
How long ago did the solar system not exist?
5 billion years ago.
5 trillion years ago.
50 trillion years ago.
50 billion years ago.
6
Closer to the sun, what happened to dust particles?
They collided.
They built from grain of rock & metal forming rocky boulders
They spread out and dispersed.
They built from gas and particlesl forming metal.
7
As protoplanets near the sun hurtled around, what happened?
They began to crash into each other in violent collisions.
They began to crash in one another and burn up.
They began to stick to one another.
They began to move slowly.
8
Before his death, Nicolaus Copernicus published what?
Centric model of the solar system: Sun at the center
Heliocentric model of the solar system: Moon at the center
Heliocentric model of the solar system: Sun at the center
Heliocentric model of the solar system: Earth at the center
9
How far away from the Sun is the Oort cloud?
5,000 AUs
50,000 km
50,000 AUs
500,000 AUs
10
How much of the solar systems gas is found in the sun?
99.8 percent
9.8 percent
90 percent
98 percent
11
Mercury is smaller than what?
The two smallest moons.
The two largest moons.
The five largest moons.
The five smallest moons.
12
Galileo's pioneering of telescopic observations support what?
The Sun-centered model, much like Plato's theory.
The Earth-centered model, much like Copernicus's theory.
The Moon-centered model, much like Copernicus's theory.
The Sun-centered model, much like Copernicus's theory.
13
If an encounter between two solid lumps was slow, why would they have encountered each other?
Inertia pulled them apart.
Inertia pulled them together.
Gravity pulled them together.
Gravity pulled them apart.
14
Kepler's laws did what, pertaining to other scientists?
Stir up flaws in Newton model & inspire Copernicus
Resolve flaws in Newton model & inspire Copernicus
Resolve flaws in Copernican model & inspire Newton
Stir up flaws in Copernican model & inspire Newton
15
Icy rubble from the Kuiper Belt was disturbed by what?
The wanderings of Jupiter and Saturn.
The wanderings of Earth and Mars.
The wanderings of Venus and Mercury.
The wanderings of Uranus and Neptune.
16
A variation of Uranus's orbit led to the discovery of what? When was this discovery?
Saturn; 1945
Jupiter; 1845
Neptune; 1846
Mars; 1946
17
How old is the solar system exactly?
5.4682 billion years old.
4.5682 trillion years old.
4.5682 million years old.
4.5682 billion years old.
18
Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are what?
Innermost planets; small, solid globes made of rock & liquid
Innermost planets; large, solid globes made of rock & iron
Outermost planets; small, solid globes made of rock & iron
Innermost planets; small, solid globes made of rock & iron
19
How do certain comets, including Halley, travel?
Around the Earth in the same direction of the planets
Around the Earth in the opposite direction of the planets
Around the Sun in the same direction of the planets
Around the Sun in the opposite direction of the planets
20
In the outer regions of the solar nebula, what did the debris consist of?
Tiny grains of frozen water, methane, and ammonia.
Tiny grains of frozen water, helium, and ammonia.
Tiny grains of frozen water, dust, and ammonia.
Tiny grains of frozen dust, helium, and ammonia.
21
Fast-growing Jupiter developed enough gravity to do what?
Pull water particles from the solar nebula & form ice
Pull gas from the solar nebula & build hydrogen-helium world
Pull dust from the solar nebula & build a rocky world
Pull heat from the solar nebula & build a gassy world
22
Beyond the frost line, what happened to the dust particles?
They gradually diminished into masses of ice.
They gradually enlarged into masses of ice.
They gradually enlarged into masses of rock.
They rapidly enlarged into masses of ice.
23
How many stars make up the Milky Way?
200 billion
20 billion
200 million
200 trillion
24
Icy rubble from the Kuiper bely may have done what to Earth?
Delivered water, kick-starting rise to life.
Delivered dust, kick-starting rise to life.
Delivered water, kick-starting rise to oxygen.
Delivered gas, kick-starting rise to life.
25
Debris from the era of planet formation litters the solar system in the form of what?
Planets & moons
Black holes
Asteroids, comets, and Kuiper Belt objects
Stars & dust
26
Closer to the middle of the solar nebula, what was the sun boiling away?
Volatile compounds, leaving only particles of rock & metal
Volatile compounds, leaving only dust particles.
Stable compounds, leaving only particles of rock & metal
Stable compounds, leaving only dust particles.
27
How were moons around the gas giants created?
Residual debris expanded.
Residual gases condensed.
Residual debris collided.
Residual debris condensed.
28
How were the planets of our solar system born?
A whirlpool of colliding debris left over from the Earth
A whirlpool of colliding gas left over from the sun
A whirlpool of colliding debris left over from the galaxy
A whirlpool of colliding debris left from the suns formation
29
Mercury owes its huge core to what?
An implosion that stripped away its rocky mantle
A catastrophic impact that stripped away its gas and liquid
A catastrophic impact that stripped away its rocky mantle
A solar blast that stripped away its rocky mantle
30
When Saturn's"year" became exactly twice of Jupiter, what happened?
Gravitational resonance pulled Neptune & Uranus closer.
Gravitational resonance threw Neptune & Uranus farther out
The moons migrated to their current position
The planets migrated to their current position
31
A million years after the birth of the solar system, the region near the sun did what?
Swarmed with 150-200 moon sized rocky bodies
Swarmed with 50-100 sun sized rocky bodies
Swarmed with 50-100 moon sized rocky bodies
Swarmed with 500-1000 moon sized rocky bodies
32
During the collisions of rocky protoplanets, what happened?
They merge and equalize.
Bigger protoplanet succeeds, scooping up smaller competition
They collide and are demolished.
Smaller protoplanet succeeds, scooping up larger competition
33
If the Sun were the size of a basketball, how big would Neptune be? How far away?
An orange; 1.5 miles away (2.5 km).
A grape; 15 miles away (25 km).
An orange; 15 miles away (25 km).
A grape; 1.5 miles away (2.5 km).
34
Before the solar system was born, the galaxy had already lived for how long?
8 billion years
80 million years
8 million years.
80 billion years.
35
In the process of construction, how much do chunks of material in planetesimals grow per year?
100 to 200 inches per year.
1 to 2 inches per year.
1 to 2 inches per century.
10 to 20 inches per year.
36
How far is an AU in measurements?
About 93 trillion miles (150 trillion km).
About 93 million miles (150 million km).
About 930 million miles (1500 million km).
About 9.3 million miles (1.5 million km).
37
Diminution in size does not proceed by what?
Rank.
Method.
School.
Class.
38
For centuries, people believed what about the cosmos?
The Sun was at the center with heavenly bodies orbiting
The Earth was at the center with heavenly bodies orbiting
The Monn was at the center with heavenly bodies orbiting
The Earth was at the center with the moon orbiting
39
How big is Mystic Mountain's pair of horns?
2 million miles long.
2 million km long.
2 trillion miles long.
2 trillion km long.
40
Who calculated that planets follow elliptical orbits/speeds according to their distance/sun?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
Johannes Kepler
41
Isaac Newton's supremely important book was what? Why?
Principia; it laid the foundation of modern astronomy.
Principia; it laid the foundation of modern physics.
Physics; it laid the foundation of modern astronomy.
Principia; it laid the foundation of planetary science.
42
As dust particles jostled together in space, what happens?
They stabilize & stick to one another
They destablize & stick to one another
They become electrostatically charged & stick to one another
They become static & stick to one another
43
Who purpose that the Sun is the center and that the stars do not move relative to each other?
Plato
Newton
Aristotle
Aristarchus
44
Analysis of rocks brought back to the Earth from Apollo suggest what?
The moon formed by a impact between Earth & another planet.
The Sun formed by an impact between Earth & another planet.
The moon formed by an impact between Earth & an astroid.
The moon formed by a impact between Earth & Mars.
45
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are what?
Outermost planets; bloated giants formed of rocks & dust
Innermost planets; bloated giants formed of gas & liquid
Outermost planets;terrestrial planets formed of gas & liquid
Outermost planets; bloated giants formed of gas & liquid
46
How many times could Earth fit into Jupiter?
1,300 times.
13,000 times.
13 times.
130,000 times.
47
How can scientist discover the exact age of the solar system?
By analyzing the radioactive atoms in the meteorites.
By analyzing the radioactive atoms in the gases.
By counting the rings.
By distance in light years.
48
Isaac Newton shows what in Principia?
How force works
How gravity keeps planets in circular orbits
How gravity keeps planets in elliptical orbits
3 laws of motion
49
How long does the Ptolemaic system dominate astronomy?
140,000 years
140 years
14,000 years
1,400 years
50
Inside the frost line, what was happening?
Rocky debris formed 4 gas planets with metal cores
Rocky debris formed 4 terrestrial planets with metal cores
Icy debris formed 4 terrestrial planets with metal cores
Dust debris formed 4 gas planets with metal cores

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