HIS 221-Chapters One + Two

29. The fur trade often pitted the French against rival native confederacies.

15. The first European contact in North America was made by _________.

30. ______ became the center of New France.

22. Spain finally gained the wealth it had sought for decades in the ____ mines of Bolivia.

12. The __________ were known as "cliff dwellers".

28. The _____ trade became New France's economic lifeline.

43. By _____ live births began to outnumber deaths in the Chesapeake area creating a sustainable society.

39. Cotton became the cash crop that saved Jamestown from ruin.

44. It is generally accepted that 1619 is the first year African slaves were transported to the Chesapeake region.

3. What crop was used as a case study to prove the advanced agricultural techniques of the Andean peoples?

21. Cortes is most famous for conquering the ______.

8. The Aztecs, much like the Incas, sought to control others rather than extort them.

49. The English worked diligently to incorporate the natives into their political, legal and social communities.

33. The Dutch settled area of New Netherland is best understood to be New York today.

35. The first English explorer in North America was _____.

32. The Dutch were _____ open-minded about trade and religion than their European counterparts.

2. Obsidian was a key natural resource in the early tool production.

9. The practice of human sacrifice made the Aztecs extremely unpopular and led to their downfall.

7. The great civilization of the Aztecs is most associated with ________.

41. The headright system gave each colonist 50 acres for every person whose passage to VA he financed.

40. The House of _____ became essentially the first representative "congress" in the British colonies.

24. The encomienda system...

11. The ________ were known for an impressive irrigation system.

50. The key thing to remember about S/F/E colonial holdings in the 17th C is they were marginal.

47. The Quakers became associated with the founding of _______.

36. The British based their North American colonization efforts off their historical success in _______.

20. Columbus made ___ journeys to "the New World" before he died.

37. Most of the 700,000 European trans-Atlantic migrants in the 17th century were single young men.

13. The largest city in North America, north of Mexico, in the pre-Columbian era was _________ near St. Louis.

48. Anne Hutchinson + Roger Williams became key outspoken religious figures in ________.

45. The Pilgrims sailed for ____ in 1620 on the Mayflower but landed in Massachusetts instead.

19. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1493 divided western and eastern "discoveries" among the _________.

27. Cartier + Champlain were important _____ explorers in North America.

25. What is the name of the growing global trade system linked to the European "discovery" of the "New World"?

31. French sugar island colonies in the Caribbean were less profitable than the Canadian fur trade.

18. Columbus reached "the New World" in _____ 1492.

14. North America on the eve of European contact was an old and complex world in motion.

17. Columbus knew the earth was round but others thought it was flat.

26. A key influence of the Protestant challenges to Catholicism in North America was the teachings of John Calvin.

1. Most metalworking skills originated in _________.

6. The long reign of Pacal the Great, king of the great city Palenque, is associated with __________.

34. Delaware was primarily founded by _____.

4. Which civilization was dominant in the Andean region beginning around 1400 AD?

10. Which triad of crops revolutionized food production in North America?

38. The first permanent British colony, Jamestown, was located in modern-day ________.

16. Columbus separated himself from his contemporaries by wanting to sail ____ to reach East Asia.

42. The colony of Maryland initially grew as a safehaven for persecuted _______.

46. Puritans, with their Covenant Theology, shaped the course of New England.

23. A key "female duty" that many native men resisted in taking over was _____.

5. The Olmec civilization was known for which feature?