In qualitative research, saturation is reached when

No new information is obtained from new subjects

In experimental research, the control group is used to

Provide a baseline to compare against the experimental group

Which method increases internal validity but may decrease external validity?

Use of a controlled laboratory setting

In the context of mixed-methods research, triangulation refers to

The use of different sources to validate findings

A mixed-methods study design involves

Integrating both qualitative and quantitative data

What is the main function of operational definitions in research?

To clearly define variables being measured

What is the primary goal of a meta-analysis?

To synthesize results from multiple studies

A "double-blind" experiment is essential for eliminating bias from

Both participants and researchers

"Thematic analysis" in qualitative research is primarily used for

Extracting and interpreting themes from qualitative data

What is a longitudinal study design best suited to examine?

Changes within individuals over time

One of the challenges in conducting a meta-analysis is ensuring that the included studies

Have compatible methodologies and designs

Case studies are particularly useful for

Gaining a deep understanding of a unique case

Which of the following is a disadvantage of longitudinal research?

It may suffer from high attrition (drop-out) rates

In survey research, what is the primary purpose of pilot testing?

To test the survey design for issues before full-scale administration

What is the primary focus of epidemiological studies?

Patterns and risk factors for diseases

The Hawthorne effect refers to

Changes in participant behavior due to awareness of being observed

What is the major benefit of using purposive sampling in qualitative research?

It ensures that participants are relevant to the research question

What does the term "external validity" refer to in research methodology?

The generalizability of the findings to other contexts

What is the Delphi method primarily used for?

Achieving consensus among experts

What is typically included in a data extraction table in a systematic review?

Study characteristics, outcomes, and quality assessments

What is the typical purpose of employing a cross-sectional study design?

To assess participants at a single point in time

In terms of epidemiological studies, the term "case-control study" refers to a study

Comparing individuals with a condition to those without

The term "transferability" in qualitative research refers to the ability to

Apply findings from one context to another similar context

Which of the following is a characteristic of cohort studies?

They follow subjects over time to observe outcomes

In terms of data analysis, what distinguishes qualitative from quantitative research?

The emphasis on narrative rather than numerical data

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EXSC 416 - Exam 3 Review

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Questions 30

Answers

1
In qualitative research, saturation is reached when
All variables are statistically significant
No new information is obtained from new subjects
The sample size meets predetermined criteria
The study budget is spent
2
In experimental research, the control group is used to
Test different variables than those tested in the experimental group
Provide a baseline to compare against the experimental group
Increase the sample size of the study
Show changes in the experimental group over time
3
Which method increases internal validity but may decrease external validity?
Inclusion of a diverse participant pool
Longitudinal tracking
Broad sampling
Use of a controlled laboratory setting
4
Which data collection method is particularly effective in capturing behaviors and interactions in natural settings?
Laboratory experiments
Observational studies
Standardized tests
Surveys
5
In the context of mixed-methods research, triangulation refers to
The use of three different data collection methods
Conducting three phases of research sequentially
Using multiple theories to explain a phenomenon
The use of different sources to validate findings
6
What does the Likert-type scale measure?
Intelligence levels
Physical abilities
Attitudes or opinions
Demographic information
7
A mixed-methods study design involves
Integrating both qualitative and quantitative data
Only using quantitative data
Only using qualitative data
Separating data collection into distinct phases
8
What is the main function of operational definitions in research?
To identify the target population
To outline the hypotheses
To describe the background of the study
To clearly define variables being measured
9
What is the primary goal of a meta-analysis?
To synthesize results from multiple studies
To confirm hypotheses with new experiments
To test the reliability of instruments
To publish new research articles
10
A "double-blind" experiment is essential for eliminating bias from
Both participants and researchers
The data analysis process
The researchers only
The participants only
11
"Thematic analysis" in qualitative research is primarily used for
Identifying patterns and trends in quantitative data
Establishing causal relationships between variables
Extracting and interpreting themes from qualitative data
Measuring the frequency of certain themes or concepts
12
What is a longitudinal study design best suited to examine?
General public opinion
Changes within individuals over time
Immediate effects of a treatment
Differences between groups
13
One of the challenges in conducting a meta-analysis is ensuring that the included studies
Have compatible methodologies and designs
Are published within the same year
Are conducted in the same country
Use the same statistical software for analysis
14
Case studies are particularly useful for
Testing theories with experimental designs
Surveying wide demographic characteristics
Gaining a deep understanding of a unique case
Generalizing findings to a large population
15
Which of the following is a disadvantage of longitudinal research?
It is less detailed than cross-sectional research
It only provides a snapshot of data
It cannot measure change over time
It may suffer from high attrition (drop-out) rates
16
In survey research, what is the primary purpose of pilot testing?
To finalize the research questions
To begin collecting data for the study
To test the survey design for issues before full-scale administration
To train the research team
17
What is the primary focus of epidemiological studies?
Psychological assessments
Patterns and risk factors for diseases
Political impacts on health
Historical trends
18
What is a typical first step in conducting a systematic review?
Developing a statistical analysis plan
Publishing preliminary results
Conducting expert interviews
Defining the research question
19
The Hawthorne effect refers to
Changes in participant behavior due to awareness of being observed
Misinterpretations of statistical data
A type of bias related to question phrasing
The impact of environmental factors on study outcomes
20
What is the major benefit of using purposive sampling in qualitative research?
It guarantees a representative sample of the population
It simplifies data analysis
It eliminates bias in the data collection process
It ensures that participants are relevant to the research question
21
What does the term "external validity" refer to in research methodology?
The generalizability of the findings to other contexts
The accuracy of hypothesis testing
The ability to replicate results using different methods
The reliability of the measures used
22
What is the Delphi method primarily used for?
Achieving consensus among experts
Testing hypotheses
Sampling diverse populations
Establishing experimental control
23
Which of the following is NOT typically a characteristic of qualitative research interviews?
Use of statistical analysis
Open-ended questions
Exploration of participant perspectives
Structured format
24
Given: experimental group mean = 18, control group mean = 12, control's standard deviation = 6. What's the effect size?
2.0
1.0
0.5
1.5
25
What is typically included in a data extraction table in a systematic review?
Only participant demographics
Study characteristics, outcomes, and quality assessments
Only statistical methods used
Only outcomes of the studies
26
What is the typical purpose of employing a cross-sectional study design?
To assess participants at a single point in time
To track changes over time
To determine causality
To evaluate the effects of a treatment
27
In terms of epidemiological studies, the term "case-control study" refers to a study
Measuring the prevalence of a health condition
Comparing two periods: before and after a treatment
Tracking a cohort over time to observe outcomes
Comparing individuals with a condition to those without
28
The term "transferability" in qualitative research refers to the ability to
Change the theoretical framework during the study
Transfer the research method from qualitative to quantitative
Apply findings from one context to another similar context
Move the research focus from one topic to another
29
Which of the following is a characteristic of cohort studies?
They primarily use qualitative data
They capture data at a single point in time
They follow subjects over time to observe outcomes
They are typically experimental
30
In terms of data analysis, what distinguishes qualitative from quantitative research?
The emphasis on narrative rather than numerical data
The focus on hypothesis testing
The use of descriptive statistics
The need for a large sample size

EXSC 416 - Exam 3 Review Flashcards | StudBud