Why should computed radiography (CR) image receptors (IR) be erased if they haven't been used?

Remove fog from background radiation

Lateral “Spot” lumber xray is performed with the CR directed 2” anterior to ASIS and 1 1/2” inferior to the iliac crest

The CR will be anterior to L1/S5

Which identifying information is important to include on each digital image?

Patients name, Patients date of birth, Health care facility

What is the result if pixel bit depth is decreased?

Contrast resolution is decreased

How can a radiographer reduce a patient’s exposure during a lumbar spine series?

Carefully explain the procedure

What causes the build-up of heat at the anode?

Electrons colliding with the target

A pt received 100 ml of IV contrast media for a CT scan and .4 mg/dl creatine and BUN is 36mg/dL Why reschedule the IVU?

The presence of previous oral contrast in the abdomen

Identify the medical condos in a pt’s history which should be cleared by the radiologist before injecting contrast?

Pheochromocytoma, Sickle cell anemia, Diabetes, Compromised renal function

Which describes correct positioning for a PA CXR

Shoulders are equal distance rom IR, Chin is extended, Shoulders are depressed

Which condition must be met before diagnostically useful characteristic x-rays can be produced?

An inner shell electron must be completely removed

In which clinical situation has valid consent been obtained?

A 16 y/0 mother provides consent to perform an x-ray her 6 month old child

Which is the most appropriate reason for the application of gonadal shielding?

To safe guard the reproductive potential of pts

Which steps are involved in legally obtaining informed consent to perform a radiographic procedure?

The pt has been informed about alternatives to the particular procedure, The pt has been informed about risks involved in the procedure, The pt has been informed about procedures to mitigate risks, The pt is legally competent

Which process describes the electron-target interaction in which most diagnostic x-rays are produced?

The filament electron misses all orbital electrons and hits atom nucleus

What is the function of a rectifier

Convert alternating current to a direct current

Why is the left lateral decubitus position recommended as part of an acute abdominal series?

Free air is demonstrated away form gastric bubble

How does the Density log Exposure (D log E) curve appear for a digital imaging receptor (IR)?

A straight line at a 45. Degree angle

Where is the safest place for the radiographer to stand during fluoroscopy?

90 degrees and one meter from the pt

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1
What is the disease process that causes increased radiodensity in the lung fields on an image from inflamm and fluid
Primary tuberculosis
Pleurisy
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
2
Why should computed radiography (CR) image receptors (IR) be erased if they haven't been used?
Prevent a Moire effect
Eliminate phantom artifacts
Remove fog from background radiation
Ensure dropout artifacts do not occur
3
Lateral “Spot” lumber xray is performed with the CR directed 2” anterior to ASIS and 1 1/2” inferior to the iliac crest
The CR will be centered correctly
The CR will be posterior to L5/S5
The CR will be superior to L5/S1
The CR will be anterior to L1/S5
4
Which projection of the sternum is most likely to demonstrate a fracture?
PA
Lateral
LAO
RAO
5
Which aspect of electrical power is responsible for accelerating electrons in an x-ray tube?
Total wattage
Potential difference
Current flow
Resistive heat
6
A patient with a left anterior rib injury. In which position should the patient be placed for the oblique image?
45 degree RAO
30 degree LAO
45 degree LAO
30 deg RAO
7
Which is the best approach for speaking to a patient with a hearing impairment?
Do not make eye contact
Speak in low register
Talk slowly
Ask pt to adjust hearing aid
8
How does an increase in noise affect the quality of a digital image?
Density is decreased
Contrast is increased
Density is increased
Contrast is decreased
9
Which identifying information is important to include on each digital image?
Patients name
Patients date of birth
Health care facility
Ordering physician
10
Which digital communication network is used to store patient billing information?
RIS
HR
PACS
HIS
11
How is the pt head positioned to view a depressed fox of the right zygomatic arch(tangential inferosuperior)
Lowered toward the table
Rotated toward right side
Elevated toward the X-ray tube
Turned toward left side
12
What is the result if pixel bit depth is decreased?
Brightness is increased
Contrast resolution is decreased
Spatial resolution is increased
Image noise is decreased
13
A pt reports itching, rash forming, difficulty breathing following IV contrast media,what is the cause of this reaction
Acute renal failure
Anaphylactic reaction
Allergic reaction
Acute bronchospasm
14
Where is edge enhancement post processing most helpful in digital radiography?
Abdominal soft tissue studies
Low contrast situations
Spinal exams
High contrast situations
15
How can a radiographer reduce a patient’s exposure during a lumbar spine series?
Collimate to include Psoas muscles
Decrease kVp
Carefully explain the procedure
Increase mAs
16
Which condition represents the most likely indication for an AP CXR with pt in a left lateral decubitus
Pulmonary embolism in R lung
Sarcoidosis
Pneumothorax in left lung
Effusion of the Left lung
17
What causes the build-up of heat at the anode?
Electrons colliding with the target
Thermionic emission
High X-ray tube voltage
Tungsten deposits on the glass envelope
18
Which patient postion and centering point should be used for the conus projection
Lateral centered to L3-L4
Ap centered to T12-L1
AP centered to L3-L4
Lateral centered to T12-L1
19
Which term describes the process by which most x-ray-induced cellular damage occurs?
Direct effect
Oxygen enhancement
Indirect effect
Target theory
20
A pt received 100 ml of IV contrast media for a CT scan and .4 mg/dl creatine and BUN is 36mg/dL Why reschedule the IVU?
The presence of the previous intravenous contrast precludes and IVU
Lab values indicate contrast would not be excreted in sufficient quantity
Lab values indicate increased risk for contrast injection
The presence of previous oral contrast in the abdomen
21
How is signal maximized to a digital image receptor?
Shorter exposure time
Longer exposure time
Higher SID
Lower mAs
22
A PA CXR shows left clavicle closer to the center of spine than the right. What action fixes this?
Accept the image
Turn right side closer to IR
Roll shoulders forward
Turn left side closer to IR
23
Identify the medical condos in a pt’s history which should be cleared by the radiologist before injecting contrast?
Pheochromocytoma
Sickle cell anemia
Diabetes
Compromised renal function
24
Which describes correct positioning for a PA CXR
Shoulders are equal distance rom IR
Clavicles are elevated
Chin is extended
Shoulders are depressed
25
Which study is considered a nonfunctional examination of the urinary system?
Hypertensive urogram
Intravenous urogram
Retrograde urogram
Voiding cystourethrogram
26
Which pathologic condition requires a reduction in exposure factors to produce an acceptable image?
Late stage Paget’s Disease
Emphysema
Atelectasis
CHF
27
Which angle of insertion is recommended when performing venipuncture?
45 degrees
5 degrees
90 degrees
15 degrees
28
Which condition must be met before diagnostically useful characteristic x-rays can be produced?
Characteristic X-rays can only be produced about 85 keV
Tissue w high atomic numbers must be present
Specific mAs should be selected
An inner shell electron must be completely removed
29
Which is the most likely cause of free intraperitoneal air on an AP erect abdomen radiograph
Intestinal obstruction
Bowel perforation
Cirrhosis
Pancreatitis
30
Which protective feature is designed to reduce exposure to the patient during fluoroscopic procedures?
Foot switch
Bucky slot cover
Magnification mode
Protective curtain
31
4 patients have checked in. Assuming non of these exams is emergent, which pt should be seen first
A 83 y/o female for chest X-ray
2 year old for barium swallow
A 54 y/o male with type II diabetes for UGI
18 y/o for IVU
32
What is the angle formed by the intervertebral foramina and the midsagittal plane in the thoracic spine?
45 degrees
15 degrees
70 degrees
90 degrees
33
Which is the genetically significant dose (GSD) for the population of the United States?
1 mSv
0.2 mSv
0.8 mSv
0.4 mSv
34
Which change in technical factors is most likely to result in decreased exposure to the image receptor (IR)?
Decreased SID
Decreased beam restriction
Increased focal spot size
Increased grid ratio
35
Which legal concept is violated by a radiographer who performs an examination without an examination order?
Res ipsa loquitor
Malpractice
Respondeat superior.
Battery
36
In which clinical situation has valid consent been obtained?
A 17 y/o male provides consent for myelogram to be performed
Consent to perform an angiogram by a healthcare worker in the facility
A 16 y/0 mother provides consent to perform an x-ray her 6 month old child
Consent to perform an xray on a grandchild by their grandmother
37
Which is the most appropriate reason for the application of gonadal shielding?
To protect reproductive organs within field
To safe guard the reproductive potential of pts
To shield the pt when the beam is not suffiently collimated
Reduce the amount of internal scatter reaching the reproductive organs
38
What is the maximum speed of filament electrons as they travel toward the anode?
Half the speed of light
1/8 the speed of light
The speed of light
1/4 the speed of light
39
What is the minimum thickness of lead required for protective lead curtains?
0.25 mm lead equivalence
0.35 mm lead equivalence
1 mm lead equivalence
0.75 mm lead equivalence
40
Which steps are involved in legally obtaining informed consent to perform a radiographic procedure?
The pt has been informed about alternatives to the particular procedure
The pt has been informed about risks involved in the procedure
The pt has been informed about procedures to mitigate risks
The pt is legally competent
41
Which technique produces 2 mR exposure to an IR plate if 70 kVp at 25 mAs produces 1.6 mR?
70 kVp at 31.25 mAs
70 kVp at 27.5 mAs
70 kVp at 35 mAs
70 kVp at 50 mAs
42
Which process describes the electron-target interaction in which most diagnostic x-rays are produced?
Outer shell electrons are not ionized
Filament electron strikes an orbital electron and removes from orbit
Outer shell electron fills inner shell vacancy
The filament electron misses all orbital electrons and hits atom nucleus
43
Which step will reduce digital image noise, assuming no other changes?
Longer exposure time
Decreased kVp
Image magnification
Small pixel size
44
Which device temporarily stores charge
Rectifier
Diode
Auto transformer
Capacitor
45
In a typical x-ray examination room, what is considered a secondary protective barrier?
Wall behind chest board
Ceiling
Wall below chest board
Floor
46
What is the function of a rectifier
Change direct current to high freq current
Convert direct current to alternating current
Convert alternating current to a direct current
Increase 60 hertz alternating current to high freq. current
47
Why is the left lateral decubitus position recommended as part of an acute abdominal series?
The pt is unable to stand
Air-fluid levels are better visualized
Free air is demonstrated away form gastric bubble
Aspiration may be avoided in case of vomiting
48
Which grade ratio results in the lowest dose to a pt because less mAs is required
16:1
8:1
5:1
12:1
49
How does the Density log Exposure (D log E) curve appear for a digital imaging receptor (IR)?
A straight line at a 45. Degree angle
A steep slope
An S curve
A shallow slope
50
Where is the safest place for the radiographer to stand during fluoroscopy?
90 degrees form pt
At the head of the table
90 degrees and one meter from the pt
At foot of the table
51
Which CR angle is best for heavy wide-hipped patients for lateral lumber spine projection
10 degrees caudad
5 degrees caudad
5 degrees cephalic
Perpendicular
52
Governs communication between the system that contains pt full medical info and system with radiology-specific data?
Health level 7 (HL-7)
PACS
DICOM
Hospital information system
53
An increase in which factor will improve spatial resolution?
Focal spot size
Grid ratio
SID
OID
54
What position should a pt be placed in following a seizure
Dorsal recumbent
Lateral recumbent
Ventral recumbent
Sitting
55
What is the wide spread of MRSA mainly attributed to?
Use of antibiotics with immunosuppressed patients
Poor hygiene and overuse of pain killers
Over prescription of antibiotics and poor infection control
Improper cleaning of medical equipment
56
Annual effective dose recommended by NCRP for the general public in mSv
.15 mSv
1.0 mSv
0.5 mSv
5.0 mSv
57
What is the dose area product (DAP) if the collimated field is 10 X 10 cm with a dose of 2 milligray (mgy)/minute?
200 mgy per cm squared
20 mgy per cm squared
10 mgy per cm squared
100 mgy per cm squared
58
Beam intensity of 2.5 mgy at 32 inches versus at 40 inches. (Use inverse square law)
2.00 mgy
3.90 mgy
3.12 mgy
1.6 mgy
59
Which radiographic exam might the ER physician order to evaluate Osgood-Schlatter’s disease?
Ankle
Foot
Femur
Tibia-fibula
60
Which action can improve recorded detail?
Increase OID
Use larger focal spot
Increase SID
Select a larger kVp
61
The majority of x-rays in the useful beam are created as a result of which process?
Orbital electrons become cited and release their energy
Orbital electrons drop down to fill vacant inner shells
Fast moving electrons approach the nucleus of the target atom & slow down
Fast. Moving electrons interact w the K shell electrons of target atom
62
Which part of the imaging system is responsible for keeping incoming voltage adjusted to the proper value?
KVp
MAs
Autotransformer
Line compensator
63
Which rule is followed when examining unconscious patients?
Avoid saying things you would not say to a conscious pt
Remain as quiet as possible
Proceed as if pt were conscious and ask questions/ give instructions
Speak openly since they cannot hear or understand you
64
A pt has to transfer from wheelchair to table, the pt has left sides weakness. How should the radiographer move the pt?
Use hydrolic lift
Position left side of wheelchair next to table
Position right side of wheelchair next to table
Have one tech lift torso while the other lifts feet
65
Which term best describes the process of cleaning surfaces in a radiology department with 10% bleach in water solution
Surgical asepsis
Sterile technique
Sterilization
Medical asepsis
66
What temp of eater should be mixed with barium fo flower GI studies
Cold
Hot
Warm
Tepid
67
What are recommended uses of the digital annotation tool?
Indicating date and time of the exam
Entering technical factors
Labeling CR projection
Labeling R or L side of anatomy
68
Study the provided filament thermal emissions chart, What do these shoulders indicate?
The emissions limited region
That excellent mA reciprocity exists at 30 kVp
The space charge limited region
That the mA is highly predictable at 40 kVp
69
What part of X-ray circuit is controlled by adjusting the mA setting on operating console. Necessary for heat emission
Timer circuit
Filament circuit
Primary circuit
Secondary circuit
70
The only saddle joint found in the body is between which bones
Scaphoid and trapezium
Trapezium and first MC
Trapezium and first MT
Navicular and first MC
71
Which radiation dose is required to produce mitotic death?
More than the dose needed to produce apoptosis in slowly dividing cells
Nonexistent, as mitotic death cannot be produced in slowly dividing cells
Less than the dose needed to produce apoptosis in slowly dividing cells
The same as the dose needed to produce apoptosis in slowly dividing cells
72
How much can exposure to the lens of the eyes be reduced by utilizing the PA cranium vs an AP cranium
95%
55%
30%
75%
73
Which information in the patient history should prompt the radiographer to decide against using AEC during a CXR?
Oat cell carcinoma
Pneumothorax
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
74
Which technique mimics the use of a grid?
Decreased mAs
Increase OID
Increased kVp
Decrease SID
75
A pt in her final trimester of pregnancy starts choking. How should the radiographer respond
Start CPR
Apple inward and upward thrust on abdomen
Place pt in Trendelenburg
Initiate backward thrust in center on sternum
76
In a correctly positioned PA CXR. The manubrium of sternum is seen at the level of which T Spine vertebrae (sthenic)
5th
3rd
4th
2nd
77
Which factor determines the amount of energy of a bremsstrahlung x-ray
The distance between filament electron and target atom nucleus
The number of electrons traveling from cathode to anode
The atom is number of target material
The difference in binding energy of orbital shells involved
78
Which actions should the radiographer take to help prevent acquired infections in hospitals or clinics?
Washing hands frequently and using hand lotion afterward.
Wearing exam gloves and changing them between each patient.
Placing biologically soiled linen in biohazard linen bags.
Placing used needles in sharps containers.
79
Which strategy will have the greatest improvement on image quality? (Lateral lumber)
Immobilize the pt
Decrease the SID
Select faster speed IR
Increase mAs
80
What is the dose-response relationship of radiation-induced skin cancer?
Nonthreshold
Threshold
Hormesis
Nonlinear
81
Which items can be used as indicators of the quality of the diagnostic x-ray beam?
OID
KVp
Half value layer HVL
SID
82
What is the recommended CR angle is the lumber spine cannot be adjusted in a lateral position
5 degrees for men, and 8 degrees cephalad for women.
8 degrees for men, and 5 degrees cephalad for women
8 degrees for men, and 5 degrees caudad for women.
5 degrees for men, and 8 degrees caudad for women.
83
What is the most likely reason for the increase in quantum noise on a computed radiography (CR) image?
Lower than requires mAs
Higher than requires kVp
Higher than requires mAs
Lower than requires kVp
84
How often should lead aprons be evaluated to determine if cracks or holes are present?
Annually
Monthly
Every 3 months
Every 6 months
85
Which is the CR orientation for an AP knee is the pt ASIS is 22 cm from table top
Perpendicular to long axis of patella
3-5 degrees caudal
Perpendicular to IR
3-5 degrees cephalad
86
Place bit depth in order from the one that will produce least # of grays to the one producing most # of grays
12, 14, 8, 10
8, 10, 12, 14
10, 12, 8, 14
14, 12, 10, 8
87
What is the magnitude of the angle formed by the intervertebral foramina and the midsagittal plane in the thoracic spine
15 degrees
90 degrees
45 degrees
70 degrees
88
How can digital radiography decrease pt dose, in spite of generally being slower in system speed than film systems?
Higher mAs should be used with digital
Lower mAs used with digital
Higher kVp should be used with digital
Lower kVp with digital
89
What is the longest field size dimension allowable for 10 inches by 12 inches collimation at a 40 inch SID
11.4 inches
10.6 inches
13.2 inches
12.8 inches
90
Which is an advantage of using a optically stimulated luminescent (OSL) dosimeter as opposed to a film badge?
Immediate readings available
Inexpensive
Not fogged by heat
Readings as low as 5 millirem
91
Which factor will decrease the pt’s dose during fluoro?
Use magnification mode
Being the image intensifier as close as possible to the pt
Increase mAs
Using continuous fluoro
92
Which steps increase contrast in fluoroscopy? (Select the two that apply.)
Reduce kVp
Use a smaller collimating field
Use latter collimator field
Increase mAs
93
During a lumbar myelogram, the needle is placed into which meningeal space?
Subthecal
Subarachnoid
Epidural
Subdural
94
Which calculation is used to determine grid ratio?
The height of the lead strips divided by the width of the lead strips.
The width of interspace material divided by the height of the lead strips
Height of the lead strips divided by the width of the interspace material.
The width of the lead strips divided by the height of the lead strips
95
What is the primary advantage of utilizing Holmblad method instead of the Camp Coventry method?
Holmblad method is easier for the radiographer to properly position
Holmblad shows no distortion longitudinally or laterally
Holmblad is quick to position
Holmblad method is easier for pt then Camp Coventry
96
Which statements are accurate about control monitoring badges?
Measures background exposure during transport, handling, storage
Returned to supplier in special envelope separate from Indv badges
Should be kept in a distant rooom from radiation area
Measures radiation exposure in the work area
97
What does "ventricular fibrillation" mean?
Rapid heart rate
Premature ventricular contractions
Slow heart rate
Erratically quivering ventricles
98
Study the posteroanterior (PA) chest projection. What best summarizes an evaluation of this image?
Apices of the lungs are clipped
This is a diagnostic CXR
The first ribs are clipped so it should be repeated
Inspiration not sufficient
99
The highest potential dose to the radiographer during c-arm fluoroscopy originates from which source?
The side where the X-rays enter the patient
The side where the X-rays exit the pt
Leakage radiation from the image intensifier
Leakage radiation from X-ray tube
100
What is required under the HIPAA?
Only pt schedules may be posted in public areas, but no other info
Pts have the right to request restrictions on disclosures of their info
The pt must receive written info on how health info will be used
The patients are able to request amendments to their records.

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