What are common symptoms of age-related macular degeneration?

Halos around objects, Yellow tint to objects

What does the Beers Criteria identify in relation to medication therapy in older adults?

Medications with higher than usual risk are on BEERS

What contributes to the growth of community-based care?

Rapidly escalating health care costs, Preferences to 'age in place'

What does gerotranscendence theory propose? (Select all that apply)

older adults withdraw from society for self-reflection and exploration, time and superficial relationships have less importance, losing status and value of elders

Which interventions promote healthy biological aging?

using moisturizers, stress reduction, yearly influenza vaccinations

Which health challenges did baby boomers face during their childhood?

scarlet fever, rubella, measles

Which of the following are examples of elderspeak?

CNA refers to patient as "grandma", nurse says "come on, be a good girl" when giving patient medications, nurse tells patient, "It's time for our bath now."

What does recent guidelines from the American Heart Association say about cholesterol levels?

Recommendations must be individualized

What is the main cause of angle-closure glaucoma?

Obstruction of fluid in the eye by the angle of the iris

What initiatives are enhancing the specialty of gerontological nursing?

Scholarships for geriatric nursing, Gerontological nursing excellence

How does the nurse interpret an older client who pauses before responding to questions?

client is sorting through experiences

What is age-associated memory impairment?

Memory loss considered normal for age and education level

Why is effective communication important in caring for ill adult clients?

For assessment, planning of care, and therapeutic relationships

What is the definition of ethnocentrism?

belief that one's ethnic group is superior to that of another

Why do memory problems worsen in unfamiliar or stressful situations?

Short-term memory is impacted more

Which of these shows that the nurse understands the LEARN Model when providing care to patients? (Select all that apply)

recognizing nonverbal cues, asking client to describe what they think will make them feel better, explaining that herbal remedies may not be best treatment for congestion, acknowledging that the client has a different view of appropriate treatment

Which of these are considered ADLs?

Bathing, Toileting, Eating, Continence

What is the most important when providing cross-cultural care?

including values and beliefs of the patient

What are the emerging issues in healthy aging according to Healthy People 2020? (Select all that apply)

emerging chronic conditions among baby boomers, minimum competency levels for healthcare professionals, fair pay for caregivers

Why do many baby boomers have multiple chronic conditions?

lack of importance on healthy living

Why do medications act differently in older adults?

Age-related changes affect drug metabolism

What changes occurred in certified nursing facilities in recent years?

Increase in subacute beds, Decrease in length of stay, Increase in acuity level

What is true about the current health care workforce?

Trends in professions, Shortages in the healthcare workers

What can older adults do to preserve brain function?

Engage in challenging cognitive activities, Maintain stable attention span, language, and communication skills

Which nursing statement shows appreciation for an older client's willingness to tell personal stories?

"I learn so much about clients when they share their life story with me."

Which abilities are required for the clock-drawing test?

Ability to hear and see, Number fluency, Familiarity with analog clocks

What laboratory tests should be done for an elderly man with increasing confusion?

Thyroid stimulating panel, Urine analysis, Vitamin D level, Vitamin B12

What should the nurse ask when a client reports being unable to take furosemide?

Can you describe what happened when you took Lasix?

What are the defining characteristics of tardive dyskinesia?

Facial muscle twisting and involuntary limb movements

What are the goals of the NICHE program?

Improving outcomes for hospitalized older adults

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GERONTOLOGY- Exam 1 Review

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Answers

1
What are common symptoms of age-related macular degeneration?
Complete blindness
Peripheral vision loss
Halos around objects
Yellow tint to objects
2
What does the Beers Criteria identify in relation to medication therapy in older adults?
Medications that generally cause allergic reactions
Medications not typically covered by drug benefit plans
Medications likely to be abused
Medications with higher than usual risk are on BEERS
3
What contributes to the growth of community-based care?
Rapidly escalating health care costs
Decreasing numbers of family caregivers
Preferences to 'age in place'
Decrease in nursing home beds
4
What does gerotranscendence theory propose? (Select all that apply)
older adults withdraw from society for self-reflection and exploration
older adults transfer power to younger individuals
time and superficial relationships have less importance
losing status and value of elders
5
What is the potential risk of taking ginkgo before surgery?
increased bleeding
excess anesthetic sedation
allergic reaction
no risk
6
Which interventions promote healthy biological aging?
using moisturizers, stress reduction, yearly influenza vaccinations
physical activity and social interaction
immunity enhancement
antioxidant supplements
7
Which health challenges did baby boomers face during their childhood?
scarlet fever
HIV/AIDS
smallpox
rubella
measles
8
Which of the following are examples of elderspeak?
CNA refers to patient as "grandma"
a nurse explains procedure to a patient using simple, non medical terms
nurse says "come on, be a good girl" when giving patient medications
nurse tells patient, "It's time for our bath now."
9
What does recent guidelines from the American Heart Association say about cholesterol levels?
Recommendations must be individualized
Cholesterol level over 200
Cholesterol level below 100
Different recommendations for age groups
10
What is the main cause of angle-closure glaucoma?
Vitreous floaters
Changes to ligaments and muscles
Muscle spasms
Obstruction of fluid in the eye by the angle of the iris
11
What initiatives are enhancing the specialty of gerontological nursing?
Scholarships for geriatric nursing
Nursing certification for long-term care
Mandate of a Baccalaureate degree
Gerontological nursing excellence
12
How can a nurse promote functional wellness in an 85-year-old client with diabetes?
recommended preventative screenings
attending chess games
maintaining physical activity
using a rolling walker
13
How does the nurse interpret an older client who pauses before responding to questions?
client is exhibiting signs of mild cognitive impairment
client is reluctant to share information
client is sorting through experiences
client is nervous and having difficulty concentrating
14
Serious and well-controlled research studies on aging have been available:
since the year 2000
only in the past 60 years
following the Great Depression
since the turn of the 20th century
15
What was the overall life expectancy at birth in the United States in 2015?
78.8
late 80s
65
late 90s
16
What is the recommended INR number for an individual with atrial fibrillation?
1.0-2.0
3.0-4.0
2.0-3.0
4.0-5.0
17
According to the activity theory, what is important for successful aging?
avoiding exposure to crowds
refrain from increase in physical activity
active lifestyle
documenting end-of-life interventions
18
What is age-associated memory impairment?
Decline in both short- and long-term memory
Memory loss considered normal for age and education level
Unusual forgetting of recently learned things
Uncommon decrease in memory abilities
19
What is the impact of technology on older adults?
Used by older American men for social networking sites
Improves quality of life
Use only for social networking and recreational purposes
Decreases Internet use in individuals over age 75
20
Why is effective communication important in caring for ill adult clients?
To assess their needs
To reflect their physical and emotional well-being
To establish a social connection
For assessment, planning of care, and therapeutic relationships
21
What is the definition of ethnocentrism?
belief that one's ethnic group is superior to that of another
a conflict that occurs when 2 people interact with different beliefs
an understanding of another's cultural beliefs
application of limited knowledge about specific characteristics of another
22
Why do memory problems worsen in unfamiliar or stressful situations?
Long-term memory is impacted more
Increased age-related changes
Short-term memory is impacted more
New information overload
23
Which of these shows that the nurse understands the LEARN Model when providing care to patients? (Select all that apply)
suggesting that the healthcare provider is right and should trust them
recognizing nonverbal cues
asking client to describe what they think will make them feel better
explaining that herbal remedies may not be best treatment for congestion
acknowledging that the client has a different view of appropriate treatment
24
What theory of aging should be used to emphasize the importance of exercise after knee replacement?
cross-link theory
activity theory
socioemotional selectivity theory
role theory
25
Which of these are considered ADLs?
Bathing
Toileting
Eating
Continence
26
What is the most important when providing cross-cultural care?
completely ignoring the values and beliefs of the patient
following guidelines even if it goes against patient's beliefs
including values and beliefs of the patient
tell patient that they have to do it your way or receive no care at all
27
What are the emerging issues in healthy aging according to Healthy People 2020? (Select all that apply)
longevity and genetics
emerging chronic conditions among baby boomers
minimum competency levels for healthcare professionals
fair pay for caregivers
28
Why do many baby boomers have multiple chronic conditions?
rampant poverty
lack of immunizations
lack of importance on healthy living
lack of medication access
29
The family member of a patient asks if vitamin C will prevent aging. What theory should the nurse consider?
wear-and-tear theory
autoimmune theory
free radical theory
continuity theory
30
What is the main sign of cataracts?
Yellow tint to objects
Sensitivity to glare
Decreased perception of light
Blurring
31
Why do medications act differently in older adults?
Older adults may need larger doses of medication
OTC drugs have standardized dosages for all ages
Age-related changes affect drug metabolism
Adverse drug reactions occur with similar frequency in older adults
32
What characteristics are typical of a centenarian, according to the 2015 census reports?
American woman, no dementia
Japanese woman, chronic inflammation
Chinese man, immune disorder
American man, lifelong vegetarian
33
What is the highest priority nursing intervention for an older woman with breast cancer after chemotherapy?
Replacing fluids
Preventing falls
Maintaining skin integrity
Preventing infection
34
Which sociological theory of aging applies to a married couple in a life care community?
personality theory
disengagement theory
role theory
continuity theory
35
What changes occurred in certified nursing facilities in recent years?
Increase in subacute beds
Decrease in registered nurses employed
Decrease in length of stay
Increase in acuity level
36
What is the role of a nurse in a senior center according to gerotranscendence theory?
activity theory
gerotranscendence theory
role theory
continuity theory
37
What should a nurse do when a patient shows new onset urinary incontinence in the SPICES assessment?
Send urine specimen
Obtain antibiotic order
Develop plan of care
Conduct in-depth assessment
38
What is true about the current health care workforce?
Trends in professions
Gerontological nursing certification
Shortages in the healthcare workers
Decrease in geriatricians
39
What can older adults do to preserve brain function?
Lower prevalence of dementia than younger individuals
Develop new cognitive abilities
Engage in challenging cognitive activities
Maintain stable attention span, language, and communication skills
40
What is the importance of annual physical examinations for older adults?
preventive measure
low efficacy
abundance of research
health promotion
41
Can Echinacea be taken by people with asthma?
when asthma symptoms are absent
no
only after cold onset
yes
42
Which nursing statement shows appreciation for an older client's willingness to tell personal stories?
"They are so proud of the things they've accomplished in life."
"I learn so much about clients when they share their life story with me."
"It's so nice to see them excited and engaged while telling stories."
"It helps their memory to retell stories."
43
What is the purpose of elderspeak?
Nonverbal cues
Effective listening
Patronizing speech
Clear communication
44
Which abilities are required for the clock-drawing test?
Ability to hear and see
Ability to speak English
Number fluency
Familiarity with analog clocks
45
Which foods should an older patient on warfarin avoid?
Spinach
Milk
Red meats
Kale
46
What laboratory tests should be done for an elderly man with increasing confusion?
Thyroid stimulating panel
Urine analysis
Vitamin D level
Vitamin B12
47
What statement made by a client would prompt the nurse to cancel a surgical procedure?
not taking ginkgo for 10 days
taking echinacea with water
taking garlic pill
starting St. John's wort
48
What is the role of melatonin in regulating sleep?
regulating sleep-wake cycle
decreasing sleep onset latency
improving morning wakefulness
improving sleep quality
49
What should the nurse ask when a client reports being unable to take furosemide?
Can you describe what happened when you took Lasix?
Do you have any questions regarding your reaction to Lasix?
When was the last time you took Lasix?
Is your health care provider aware of your allergy?
50
What are the defining characteristics of tardive dyskinesia?
Tremors and difficulty drinking from a cup
client can't get up from a chair
Inability to stop moving
Facial muscle twisting and involuntary limb movements
51
What are the goals of the NICHE program?
Improving outcomes for hospitalized older adults
Increase number of iatrogenic complications that occur in hospitals
decrease 30-day readmission rates for hospitalized older adults
increase the number of older adults cared for in hospitals
52
What factors contribute to poor outcomes for older adults during transitions of care? (Select all that apply)
Lack of desire to comply
High levels of nurse-patient engagement
Inadequate financial resources
Inability to read and understand instructions
53
What is the most effective technique when communicating with a client who is positioned in bed?
standing at the foot of the bed
sitting in a chair at the foot of the bed
standing near the client's head on their dominant side
sitting in a chair at the bedside facing the client
54
What are the effects of medication reconciliation during transitions of care?
Patients comply with discharge instructions
Decreases medication discrepancies
Improves transitions of care
Increases nurse-patient engagement
55
What could be causing high triglyceride levels in a client who is careful about their diet?
Well managed type 2 diabetes
unmanaged type 2 diabetes
history of pancreatitis
Renal failure
56
Who are the high-risk groups for developing glaucoma?
Mexican Americans
Asian Americans
African Americans
Diabetic individuals
57
What is the main concern for older adults taking herbal supplements?
expense of supplements
substituting prescription meds
herbal overdose
interaction with prescription medications
58
What do primary prevention strategies focus on for older adults?
addressing existing wellness challenges
preventing illnesses before they occur
early detection of diseases
promoting biological wellness
59
What does the FANCAPES assessment tool focus on?
Cognitive abilities
ability to meet personal needs to identify the amount of assistance needed
Level of dementia present
ability to perform ADLs
60
What type of belief views illness as caused by a higher power?
ayurvedic
naturalistic
biomedical
magico-religious
61
How can the nurse effectively elicit an accurate medication assessment from a new client?
Allow the previous primary care provider to provide a list of medications
Make a list of all current medications
Work with a family member to make a list of medications
Have the client bring in all medications
62
What should the nurse focus on when discussing herbal supplement use with a client?
effectiveness
start date of supplementation
reason for taking supplements
knowledge of side effects
63
Which color room is recommended for older clients?
Orange room
Blue room
Green room
Black room
64
Which statement is true?
ethnicity involves recognized traditions, symbols, and literature
culture is the same as ethnicity
ethnic groups always share common geographic origin and religion
most members of ethnic groups show identical traits
65
What should a nurse consider when teaching older adults about fall prevention?
Use large readable font for pamphlets
Present all information at once
Start education from the beginning
Provide ongoing positive feedback during the session
66
What should be avoided after cataract surgery?
Maintaining blood sugar control
lifting heavy objects
Keeping a sterile dressing
Bending from the waist
67
What should the nurse do when an older patient has an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?
Collect 24-hour urine specimen
Review medication list
Assure client elevation is normal
Rerun test
68
When providing an annual flu prevention workshop, what activities does the community health nurse include?
influenza immunization clinic
hand washing and limiting exposure to ill individuals
wear and tear
lecture on preventing infections
69
What theory of aging is used when a retired teacher leads an art class and a retired nurse assists with a health fair?
role theory
gerotranscendence
activity theory
continuity theory
70
What should the nurse do to have an effective interview with a non-English-speaking client?
speak only to the interpreter
watch for nonverbal communication
use medical terminology
have interpreter check understanding
71
How can the nurse ensure an understanding of oral hypoglycemic medications in an older diabetic client?
Using paragraph form instead of numbered lines
Providing oral explanations and a written copy
Providing website address for American Diabetes Association
Giving the package insert and assessing reading skills
72
What are normal age-related changes of the external eye?
Lower lid may be turned outward
Drooping eyelids
Dry eyes
Loss of eyelashes
73
What is the most effective method to help an older patient manage multiple medications?
Giving package inserts from all medications
Having the client's daughter administer the medications
Providing a written list of medications
Providing a pillbox with compartments for each day and dose
74
What is the importance of screenings for older adults?
promotion of wellness
low utilization rate
early detection of diseases
paucity of research
75
Why is completing a cultural assessment important?
culture impacts attitude
all members of a culture react the same way
culture guides healthcare decisions
culture provides direction on how to interact during health care encounters
76
What factors complicate the assessment of older adults?
Multiple comorbid conditions
Atypical presentation of illness
Difficulty differentiating symptoms
Increase in iatrogenic illness
77
How can progression of diabetic retinopathy be prevented?
Laser photocoagulation treatments
Control of blood pressure
Control blood glucose levels
Wearing sunglasses to protect eyes
78
What factors contribute to medication misuse in older adults?
Living alone
Language barrier
Ethnic background
Large number of medications
79
What is health literacy?
Ability to read and write
Ability to obtain, process, and understand health information
Ability to read and execute health care documents
Ability to access health care
80
What is therapeutic when facilitating communication with a cognitively impaired older client?
speaking loudly
explaining a task using simple, concise phrasing and one step at a time
use nonverbal and verbal cues to help get message across to client
allowing additional time for the client to respond to instructions
81
What are the effects of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP)? (Select all that apply)
Readmission rates dropped nationwide
Keeping patients longer to avoid readmissions
Increasing nursing home hospitalizations
System-wide interventions to prevent readmissions
82
Which strategies are considered primary prevention for older adults? (Select all that apply)
cardiac rehabilitation program
influenza immunization
smoking cessation program
prostate screening program

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