Intro to psych exam 2 all

An unconditioned stimulus (US) is any stimulus that naturally elicits a reflexive behavior.

STM is a mechanism, not a place.

Primacy suggests that memory for the last items learned in a set are learned better than others

The capacity to retrieve and store information is known as

The process by which the CR is first elicited & gradually increases in frequency over repeated trials

You are sitting at your gate and hear about a fatal plane crash. You start to think all planes are bound to crash.

The way a stimulus evokes a response is strengthened when the response is followed by a reward & weakened when it is not

Wechsler said intelligence was a global concept- individual's ability to act purposefully and think rationally.

The usefulness of the information we learn is known as the motivation for learning.

The conditioned response (CR) is whatever response the CS elicits as a product of learning

Remembering how to drive a car requires you to rely on your procedural memory

A teacher hands out smiley-stickers to her students who submit their homework on time. She is using what method?

Select three environmental factors that are believed to affect IQ

Learning shows when you _____ performance.

The SQ3R method includes surveying the reading, forming questions and then reading, reciting and reviewing more.

A researcher wants to understand how fast athletes catch a ball compared to non-athletes. This is a measure of ___

Interference occurs when retrieval cues point effectively to one specific memory.

The retention over time of encoded information is known as storage. ____ is the recovery of stored info at a later time.

Punishment always reduces the probability of a response occuring again.

Utilizing a formula that, when applied appropriately, guarantees a "correct" solution.

Understanding that occurs in a sudden stroke of clarity. An "Ah-ha!" moment that stems from experience or is original

Alfred Binet believed that everyone can grow intellectually with training. Thus, intelligence is not fully based on

Sir Frances Galton said that intelligence was a matter of sensory acuity. According to him,

Controlled processes can never become automatic.

A process that doesn't require much attention and is often done without interference.

We can use reaction times to test how some cognitive processes are carried out, & determine if done serially or parallel

Select the correct order for the RCRC strategy of memory.

If a test measures what it is supposed to test, you can describe it as valid.

Extinction occurs when the CR can reappearin a weak form when the CS is presented alone again.

Select the following responsibilities of the central executive

Sternberg said mental acuity was involved in purposive adaptation to, shaping & selection of real-world environments.

Cognitive psychology is the study of human mental processes and their role in thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Your teammate makes a bad pass during a game & you throw them a dirty look hoping they won't do it again. This is _

You are speaking to a doctor about an unknown sickness. He dismisses you saying "Oh I've seen it all-it's fake". This is

Johnny's mom takes away his toy trucks after he hits his brother during play. This is an example of _

Sofia's knee jerks when her pediatrician taps her knee with an instrument. This unlearned response is a

Timothy is studying a set of vocabulary words for an exam, looking at each word individually. He is using ___

Serial processing entails the simultaneous examination of all elements, like listening and replying in a conversation.

The two ways we need to remember are by recalling and recognizing information.

The central executive manipulates visual and spatial information.

Police looking for a suspect focus disproportionately on POC in a search based on stereotypes & negative representations

A conditioned stimulus (CS) elicits behavior like the UR on association with the US. In Pavlov's study, the CS was the _

This happens once a CR has been conditioned to a certain stimuli; similar stimuli may also elicit a response.

When you buckle your seatbelt to avoid the annoying beeping sound your car makes, you are using a form of _

A process based on experience that results in a. relatively consistent change in behavior or potential.

The extent to which we focus on each other’s behavior is known as attention. Our ability to retain behavior in memory is

A stimulus that, once contingent on behavior, increases the probability of that behavior is a punisher.

This component of working memory holds and manipulates speech-based info

Select the following important concepts in intelligence testing that were presented by Galton.

Select all of which that are factors in observational learning

Dara grew up going to the beach every summer & assumes that she'll probably go to the beach again this summer. She uses

A general term for all forms of knowing, including content and processes.

In Pavlov's study, the dogs salivated at the sight of food. In this case, salivation is the _____

Working memory provides a foundation for the moment-by-moment flow of thoughts and action

A concept is an idea or thought. A __ is a mental image or best example of a category

The initial processing of information that leads to representation in memory by forming mental representations

The initial processes involved in momentuary preservation of fleeting impressions of sensory stimuli is sensory memory

In your US history class, you are required to remember the states and their capitals. To do this, you must rely on your

A pre-existing state of mind or attitude that enhances the quality/speed of perceiving/problem solving under conditions

Heuristics incorporate a “rule of thumb” or broad application of a strategy to identify and evaluate solutions

Strong negative emotions can impact your ability to think clearly and creatively.

Little albert was feared white rabbits and other white fuzzy things. He can now differentiate between stimuli, this is _

An intelligence test fails to produce similar scores each time it is used. This test most likely has weak ___

This type of reasoning requires one to draw logical relationships between two or more statements.

Sam uses a butter knife as a jar opener, but Katy can't imagine using a spoon for that task; Katy is experiencing ___

Explicit memory becomes available without conscious effort. For example, what should or shouldn't be in a room.