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Exam 3: Pathophysiology Flashcards | StudBud
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Exam 3: Pathophysiology
Exam 3: Pathophysiology
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RCoN Patho content covering - MS - CKD/AKI -Disorders of Ventilation -Respiratory - UTI
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Answers
1
Which of the following renal diseases would the nurse expect to see coca-cola colored urine
Glomerulur Lesions
Nephritic Syndrome
Acute pylenephritis
Nephrotic Syndrome
2
Right-sided HF tends to be associated with?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Asthma
Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysema
3
A patient comes into the ER c/o dyspnea. The RN listens to lungs which are dull on percussion. What does the RN expect?
Pleural effusion
Hemothorax
Traumatic pneumothorax
Tension pneumothorax
4
Which of the following increases the risk for hypercapnia?
High-carb diet
Obesity
Smoking
Immobility
5
A RN is caring for a pt in a stage of an AKI. The pt has stopped urinating and have an elevated BUN and Creat. Phase?
Diuretic
Onset
Oliguria
Recovery
6
A pt w/ T6 SCI is experiencing a headache and facial flushing, inc. BP and a dec. HR. What should the RN do?
Turn the patient on their side
Call the doctor immediately
Have pt use the restroom
Administer fluids
7
A nurse knows the a hematoma between the dura and arachnoid space is which of the following?
Subarachnoid hematoma
Embolic hematoma
Epidural hematoma
Intracerebral hematoma
8
A nurse is caring for a patient with a recent sprain. What is the best course of action?
Use a cool cloth over the affected extremity
Place a warm cloth over the affected extremity
Place ice on the affected extremity
Provide fluids
9
Who should the nurse be most concerned about developing atelectasis?
A patient who is refusing narcotics
A newborn baby born via C-section
A chronic smoker
A patient who had surgery 8 hours ago and has been up several times
10
A nurse is looking at an XR of a pt with decreased bone mass. Which of the following would the nurse suspect?
Osteopenia
Osteoporosis
Gout
Osteoarthritis
11
What does a nurse expect to see in a patient with chronic hypoxemia?
Bradypnea
Respiratory acidosis
Cyanosis
Bradycardia
12
A pt suffered a stroke and is trying to ask for water but unable to communicate clearly. What is the pt suffering from?
Expressive aphasia
Hemipalegia
Dysarthria
Receptive aphasia
13
A pt begins to seize. After protecting the pt, the nurse times the seizure which lasts for 120 seconds. This is known as
Focal Seizure
Tonic-Clonic
Aura
Status epilepticus
14
Which population is most at risk for contracting TB?
College-aged kids in a dorm
Immunodeficient patients
Hospital/Healthcare workers
Inmates
15
A RN is caring for a pt who had a stroke and suffering left-sided weakness. What would the nurse be concerned about
Hemi-neglect of the lower half
Agnosia
Hemi-neglect of the right side
Hemi-neglect of the left-side
16
A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
"Turn off all the lights at night to ensure you are getting enough sleep."
"Wear flip flops in the house to protect your feet from banging a table."
"You should increase your daily intake of whole fat milk."
"Start doing simple weight-bearing exercises to increase bone strength."
17
A nurse is caring for a patient with tuberculosis. What is an expected finding?
Excess sweating at night
Chills and a high fever
Unintentional weight gain
Wheezing
18
A patient has had a recent spinal cord injury and is having urine retention. What does the nurse expect to see
Spastic bladder
Overflow bladder
Stress incontinence
Flaccid bladder
19
A nurse is teaching a patient about asthma. Which of the following indicates a correct understanding of pt teaching?
“I will eventually grow out of having asthma.”
“Mild attacks can cause me to use my accessory muscles.”
“My lungs will sound like crackles when I have an episode.”
“I should remove myself from my triggers to prevent asthma attacks.”
20
A RN is caring for pt + notices a pill-like rolling motion between the thumb and forefinger. The RN associates this w/
Gout
Parkinson's
Dementia
Multiple Sclerosis
21
SATA. What would a nurse expect to see in a patient with acute respiratory failure?
Confusion
shortness of breath
M. Pneumoniae
Organ failure
22
A long-distance runner comes into the ER after fracturing their tibia. This is an example of which of the following?
Fatigue Fracture
Greenstick fracture
Compression fracture
Pathological fracture
23
Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized by
Urinary incision during surgery
Bacterial infection such as E. Coli
Pregnancy
Scarring and deformation of renal calyces
24
An patient suddently lose conciousness opens their eyes, and then goes unconcious is usually found in
Embolic hematoma
Subarachnoid hematoma
Epidural hematoma
Intracerebral hematoma
25
A nurse notes that pink puffers are associated with?
Emphysema
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Chronic Bronchitis
26
Which of the following is an example of a secondary brain injury?
A crushing head injury from a car accident
Drug overdose
Being tackled during a football game
A blow to hte head with a baseball bat
27
A pt is walking on the street when they experiencea sudden headache and vomitting. What hemorrhage does the RN suspect?
Embolic stroke
Spontaneous hemorrhage
Arteriorvenous Malformation
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
28
Which of the following responses from a patient with pleuritis would the nurse expect?
"Everyime I breathe, the pain gets worse."
"I have pain on both sides of my chest."
"I should take tylenol to manage my fever."
"I am decreasing the amount of fluid I drink to decrease fluid buildup."
29
SATA. What does the nurse expect to find in a patient admitted with pneumonia?
Increased red blood cells
unusual breath sounds
Mental status changes
decreased HR/RR
30
SATA. A nurse is caring for a patient with gout. Which foods should the nurse tell the patient to
avoid?
A cheeseburger with a beer
Turkey sausage with eggs and cheese
An anchovie pizza with a large Coke
Chicken liver and Kool-aid with a side of fries
31
Which of the following would most likely cause osteonecrosis?
Hip fracture
NSAIDs
Immobility
Fatigue fracture
32
A nurse is caring for a patient who broke his bone 13 weeks ago, and the bone still has not healed. This is known as?
Nonunion
Delayed union
Malunion
Formed union
33
Where does a nurse expect autonomic dysreflexia to occur?
T12
T6
C4
L7
34
A nurse is caring for a patient and while placing covers over him he screams in pain his toe is "on fire." What is this?
Nephrotic syndrome
Gout
Chronic kidney disease
Fracture blister
35
A nurse is caring for a patient with incontinence. Which of the following most likely suffers from stress incontinence.?
a female who has had five children
a patient with a neurological disorder
a patient with a flaccid bladder
a patient with an overactive detrussor muscle
36
A nurse caring for patient with CKD and expects time to find which of the following.
Anemia
Insomnia
Weight loss
Rheumatoid arthritis
37
A nurse knows a patient with chronic kidney disease has a buildup of what?
Uric Acid
Myoglobinuria
Azotemia
Troponin
38
What is the nurse's biggest concern for caring for a patient with Multiple Sclerosis
Risk for COPD
Risk for heart disease
Weight gain
Risk for falls
39
On an X-Ray, the RN notes a thickened area on part of a previously broken bone. This is known as what stage of healing?
Remodeling
Bony Callus
Callus
Hematoma
40
RN is caring for a pt w/ photosensitivity, hives,hx of glomerulonephritis. Which autoimmune disease does the RN suspect?
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Renal Calyces
Gout
Systemic Lupus Ereythema [SLE]
41
Renal calyces are primarily made up of calcium
False
True
42
RN is caring for a pt who was accidentally hit in the stomach w/ a baseball bat. The RN would except to see what?
Laceration
Strain
Greenstick fracture
Hematoma
43
A patient experience a seizure is experiencing contractions and relaxation of the extremities. This is known as
status epilepticus
auro
clonic phase
tonic phase
44
Which of the following would most likely cause osteonecrosis?
Hip fracture
NSAIDs
Fatigue fracture
Immobility
45
An arterial vasospasm with a headache that is quickly resolved is which of the following?
Embolic stroke
Thrombotic stroke
Transient ischemic attacks
Lacunar Stroke
46
A nurse is caring for a pt with an enlarged prostate. Which AKI is this patient at risk for?
Intrarenal AKI
Primary AKI
Prerenal AK
Postrenal AKI
47
A nurse is caring for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following is a common sign in RA?
A pannus
Pain worsen with activity, relieved with rest
crepitus
joint mice
48
Which of the following spinal cord injuries would the rn expect to see a pt independently ADLs and using a manual W/C?
S5
C4
C7
T11
49
RN is caring for a pt w/ a broken tibia. Pt reports 10 out of 10 pain, even after receiving pain meds. The RN suspects
Compartment syndrome
Osteomyelitis
Fracture blister
Fat embolism
50
Which of the following is characterized as the Ghon Complex?
A caseous necrosis
Granuloma
Macrophages and lung lesion with lymp node involvement
Cell-mediated mass
51
A nurse is caring for a patient who has gone into hypovolemic shock. Which risk for an AKI would the patient experience?
Glomerular Lesions
Postrenal AKI
Intrarenal AKI
Prerenal AKI
52
SATA. What does the nurse expect to see in a patient with CKD?
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Bleeding
53
A patient is complaining of severe chest pain. Their HR and BP increased suddenly. What does the nurse suspect?
Pulmonary Embolism
Cor Pulmonale
Acute Lung Injury
Chronic Kidney Disease
54
A nurse is caring for a patient with atherosclerosis. Which of the following is the patient is at risk for?
Thrombotic
Lacunar
Transient ischemic attack
Embolic
55
SATA.
Which of the following characteristics does a nurse expect to find in nephrotic syndrome
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
Weight loss
Proteinuria
56
SATA.
Which of the following are early signs of increased intracranial pressure?
Sluggish and slow pupils
Stupor
Hypertension/bradycardia
Headaches
57
Which of the following should the nurse be most concerned about for risk for lung cancer?
A patient who is overweight
An older patient who has recently quit smoking
A patient with a history of COPD
An older patient who has had a DVT
58
A nurse is caring for a patient with a spinal cord injury. Which of the following is the
most
concering risk for the pt?
Decreased sexual fuction
Developing a pressure sore
Having an increased HR
Experiencing extreme cold
59
SATA
. Which of the following nursing interventions should the RN consider for a patient to prevent a pulmonary embolism?
Change positons
Early ambulation
Elevate legs in bed
Use incentive spirometer
60
A nurse is caring for a patient with tea, brown-colored urine. What does the nurse suspect?
Intrarenal AKI
Glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephritic Syndrome
61
A pt w/ Alzheimer's is oriented only to self. They forget they are at home and fail to recognize grandkids. Which phase?
Early stage
Middle stage
Late stage
Active stage
62
Alzheimer's is charactorized by which of the following
Gray matter plaque
Amyloid plaques
Myelin sheath breakdown
Dopamine stores
63
An elderly person falling from the chair to the floor, crushing their vertebrae would be a compression fracture
True
False
64
What should the nurse do to help patients after surgery prevent atelectasis
Encourage rest and taking it easy after an intensive surgery
Encourage early ambulation and use of the incentive spirometer
Closely monitor vital signs and mental status
Encourage the patient to complete a smoking cessation program
65
SATA. A nurse is caring for an older patient who recently suffered a hip fracture. What would the nurse expect to see?
Inward turning of the fractured leg
Non-weight bearing
Groin pain
Lengthening of the leg on affected side
66
At which stage of bone healing can the cast potentially be removed
Hematoma
Callus
Bony Callus
Remodeling
67
A nurse is caring for a patient with a brain injury. Which of the following is
abnormal?
A patient who's pupil equally constrict with light
A patient who's eyes turn to the same side of the head
A patient who follows verbal commands
A patient who is able to answer orientation questions
68
Which population does the nurse know needs a higher dose of the inactivated influenza vaccine?
Sexually active teenagers
Younger population under 2
Elderly population over 65
Middle aged population with autoimmune disease
69
RN is caring for a pt who's been in the hospital for 18 hr. The RN gets report the pt has pneumonia. What kind?
Community-aquired
Legionnaire Disease
Hospital-aquired
M. Pneumoniae
70
Which of the following is the nurse's most important UTI to prevent?
Catheter Associated UTI
Fungal UTI
Obstructive UTI
Bacterial UTI
71
A pt received a crushing chest injury in a car accident. Their HR is 154 RR 26 and BP 76/40. What does the RN suspect?
Hemothorax
Atelectasis
Pleuritis
Pleural effusion
72
SATA. A RN would expect to see which of the following in a patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Fever
Decreased pain with use
Joint stiffness at night
Splenomegaly
73
A pt is in a car accident and experiencing paralysis from the waist down. The patient is experiencing
Hemiplegia
Agnosia
Quadriplegia
Paraplegia
74
How would a nurse characterize Parkinson's Disease?
Abundance of dopamine stores
Amyloid plaques
Depletion of dopamine stores
Myelin sheath breakdown
75
A nurse is caring for a patient with a spontaneous pneumothorax. Which population does the nurse know is affected?
Tall, thin young men
Overweight adolescents
Patients after a crush injury
Elderly adults
76
RN is caring for a pt with pneumonia. RN notes dry cough, altered LOC, arthralgias, and GI involvement. Which pneumonia?
Primary atypical
Legionnaire disease
M. tuberculosis
Pneumococcal pneumonia
77
A RN is planning teaching to a group of high schoolers about the flu vaccine. What indicates the nurse's
best
teaching?
"Getting the flu vaccine does not protect you against all strains of flu."
"Getting the flu vaccine every year is mandatory for most schools."
"You should not get the live vaccine until you are over the age of 65."
"If you get sick with the flu, you do not need to get the vaccine."