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ESCI 1501 Midterm Review Flashcards | StudBud
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ESCI 1501 Midterm Review
ESCI 1501 Midterm Review
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1
Which of the following is an approach to ethics that determines environmental decision making?
Anthropocentrism
Utilitarianism
biocentrism
Ecocentrism
2
The urban water cycle differs from the natural water cycle by including
Sewage pipes and wastewater treatment facilities
Precipitation
transpiration
evaporation
3
which of the following is an example of a point source pollution?
dumping waste in a trash can
acid rain
a waste pipe from a factory
runoff from cars
4
Disaster
: Outcome of exacerbated underfunded, poorly designed human systems (policy, infrastructure, consumption etc.)
True
False
5
The process of adjusting to environmental change and its effects in a way that seeks to moderate harm is:
Adaptation
True
False
6
Raw data, first-hand experiences, or data collected by you are examples of____
secondary resources
scientific journal
primary resources
news article
7
Subsidence
is underground contamination of freshwater sources by saltwater
False
True
8
which of the following is example(s) of non point source pollution
agricultural run off
smog from a chimney of a factory
oils from cars on the roads
urban runoff
9
The overall global use of renewable energy DO NOT exceed 10% of all energy type use
False
True
10
The three major branches in the field of environmental health are
Respiratory disease, airborne disease, infectious disease
Biology, disaster preparedness, toxicology
Epidemiology, toxicology, public health
public health, environmental study, immunization
11
what is ecological resilience?
practices that moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities.
areas with risk of fire is high plant trees with thicker bark
ability of an ecosystem to remain unchanged in the face of a disturbance
ecosystem can recover from damage and return to its pre-disturbed state.
12
set of moral principles that provide guidance for our behavior is called
Ethics
True
False
13
A ___________ ecosystem is an ecosystem where the water is flowing, such as a river
freshwater
lentic
lakes
lotic
14
which of the following are two possible sources of hydropower?
moving glaciers and melting ice
steam and evaporation
ocean tides and waves
river flow and stream flow
15
Which of these is NOT a negative impact of excessive groundwater withdrawal?
subsidence
saltwater intrusion
lowered water table
faster recharge rate
16
The sun emits _______ radiation, while the Earth absorbs and re-emits _______ radiation
infrared radiation , solar radiation
Direct radiation, infrared radiation
infrared radiation , direct radiation
sensible heat, latent heat
17
Measures to reduce the amount of future climate change by reducing emissions of heat-trapping gasses is:
mitigation
False
True
18
areas underground where
freshwater
accumulates with residence times often lasting thousands of year
reserviors
oceans
rivers, lakes, lagoons
aquifers
19
Point source pollution comes from
hard-to-identify sources
agricultural runoff
urban runoff
Specific, identifiable sources
20
the process of soil particle loss due to wind and/or water is called
soil deposition
False
True
21
Which of the following is a challenge to scientific thinking?
Pseudoscience
Disinformation
Rejecting the hypothesis
Fraud
22
_________radiation is emitted by the Sun
shortwave
sunwave
heatwave
longwave
23
Which of the following is an example of a secondary resource in scientific research
Raw data collected by you
First-hand experiences
A peer-reviewed journal article
all of the above
24
Which of the following is an indicator of climate change
decreased artic sea ice
day to day temperature and weather change
increased surface temperature
sea level rising
25
The science and practice of improving and protecting the health of communities and populations is called
life expectancy
Public health
Epidemiology
hygiene
26
which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?
Higher rainfall from more moisture in the atmosphere
surface temperature rises-> ice and snow melts ->cause temperature to rise
accelerated formation of clouds as a result of temperature increase
reduce CO2 emissions -> cooler temperatures -> increase in albedo
27
The process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere is called
Precipitation
Condensation
Transpiration
Evaporation
28
what is ecological resistance?
ability of an ecosystem to remain unchanged in the face of a disturbance
ecosystem can recover from damage and return to its pre-disturbed state.
communities constructing elevated platforms as a result of coastal flooding
when bacteria change and are no longer affected by antibiotics
29
The two main types of solar energy technologies are
sun and solar energy
Photovoltaic and concentrated solar thermal
dams and turbines
"run of the river" and reservoir
30
which of the following are the two broad categories of environmental policies seen at federal, state and local levels
land management and water management
pollution regulation and natural-resource management
natural-resource management and toxicity-level monitoring
energy regulation and water management
31
Disasters
are natural weather or Earth-related occurrences (e.g. hurricanes, earthquakes)
True
False
32
Which U.S. or U.N. policy affects the environment?
Clean Air Act
Sustainable Development Goals
Paris Agreement
Endangered Species Act
33
The process of adding water to a groundwater system is called
residence time
water table
aquifer
recharge
34
Which of the following is most likely to create a totally new supply of freshwater?
avoiding watering lawns in the summer
fixing leaky residential pipes
pump more grounwater
desalinating salt water in large plants
35
Nature-based solutions and green infrastructure are similar in that they both
can only be implemented in urban areas
Use only artificial materials
Incorporate natural elements to address environmental challenges
Are always more expensive than traditional solutions
36
The largest overall reservoir of water on Earth is
the atmosphere
groundwater
reservoirs
the oceans
37
Which of these contributed to the advancement of agriculture?
Synthetic fertilizers and pesticides
hunter-gatherer techniques
gas powered farm equipment
large scale dams and reservoirs
38
Which of the following is considered an alternative energy source?
wind
nuclear
solar
Cogeneration
39
overfishing, over consumption of groundwater, and other negative externalities are examples of ________
tragedy of the commons
ecosystem services
intrinsic values
positive externality
40
Precipitation, Evaporation, Transpiration, Infiltration, runoff/overland flow, condensation are the ONLY components of
urban water cycle
all of the above
natural hydrologic cycle
agricultural water cycle
41
Which of the following is an example of ecological resistance
planting native vegetation around floodplains to reduce flooding
trees with thick barks that protect them from wildfires
A highly polluted river is dredged to remove toxic waste in its riverbed.
Natural rock is substituted for water-dependent grass lawns
42
_________ is no community should bear more environmental burdens or enjoy fewer environmental benefits than others
equity
Positive externalities
Environmental justice
Sustainability
43
_____is a negative externality because the resource is overused and no restrictions to maintain the resource
anthropocentrism
tragedy of the commons
public good
positive externality
44
(CO2, N2O (nitrous oxide), CH4 (methane) are also known as
primary atmospheric gases
greenhouse gases
air pollution
chemistry
45
One Health
is an approach that acknowledges that peoples’ health is influenced by the health of animals
True
False
46
Name the (3) parameters used to assess stream health
environmental, social, economic
Chemistry, Biology, Physical
epidemiology, toxicology, public health
temperature, pH, Total suspended soilds
47
what is an example of ecological resilience?
areas with risk of fire is high plant trees with thicker bark
bacteria change and are no longer affected by antibiotics
limiting fishing amount so the fish population can reproduce
A low-lying community recovers after flooding by raising their buildings
48
Which of these is an example of a positive externality?
degraded air and water quality from CAFOs
waste polluting the water near a factory
public goods such as roads and parks
tragedy of the commons
49
The three parameters of determining Soil Health are
all of the above
Soil chemistry, soil physics, soil biology
Soil taxonomy, biodiversity, mineral composition
Surface horizon, subsoil, substratum
50
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) are associated with
Improved animal welfare
Water and air pollution
Environmental benefits
Decreased food production
51
what is environmental racism?
biological, chemical, and physical factors in that threaten human health
assessment and control of the biological, chemical, and physical factors
overburdening minorities communities with environ' wastes and few benefits
no community should bear more environmental burdens or enjoy fewer benefits
52
Which of the following is an example of cogeneration?
A switch toggles an engine from more energy-intensive to less intensive
clean-energy resource paired with a fossil fuel resource to produce power
Use gas or steam turbines to generate electricity
all of the above
53
long-term changes in global climate conditions that result in increased temperatures due to greenhouse gas emissions
weather
climate
ice age
anthropogenic climate change
54
Food security is _________
locking up all food supplies in secure vaults to prevent theft
Affordable access to enough nutritious food for our dietary needs is called
accomplishing all levels of the food pyramid
having armed guards protecting grocery stores and farms at all times
55
________ is the value of something in and of itself, irrespective of its usefulness to others
Utilitarianism
Extrinsic value
Intrinsic value
Ethics
56
Most
available
freshwater is held in
the atmosphere
lakes
groundwater
glaciers and permafrost
57
An example of an environmental benefit is
Access to clean air
Proximity to toxic waste sites
limited access to green spaces
Exposure to air pollution
58
Climate regulation, flood control, pollination, nutrient cycling are all examples of____________
ecological benefits
positive externality
ecosystem services
sustainable development
59
CRAAP Stands
for
Currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, purpose
False
True
60
Which is NOT a negative impact of modern agriculture on the environment?
Water pollution
Increased biodiversity
Soil erosion
greenhouse gas emissions
