A bond is likely to be polar when which of the following occurs

One of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other

Which is correct in terms as a hierarchy of exploring largest the smallest levels of biological organization?

Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism

Which is evidenced that all living things have a common ancestry

All living things have an inherited the same universal genetic code in DNA

Which of the following is true of hydrocarbon molecules?

Insoluble in water and lack electron atoms/form nonpolar covalent bonds

One difference between a carbon atom with atomic mass of 14 and one with an atomic mass of 12 is that carbon 14 has ___.

Two more neutrons than carbon 12

Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with which of the following?

Organic molecules that have polar covalent bonds

What determines the atomic mass of an element?

Number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of the atom of the element

Why does evaporation of water and sweat from the skin cause cooling of the surface?

Water molecules that absorb the most heat energy evaporate more readily

Which for the 25 elements of LIVING THINGS make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

What is described as a 0.1 M sucrose (molecular mass=342) solution?

6.02 x10^22 of sucrose molecules or 34.2 g of sucrose is present

___ is true concerning a molecule that contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group

It is soluble water because it can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules

Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions?

Maintain relatively constant pH when acid or base is added to solution

Which of the following is the function of alpha glucose and fructose molecules in living organisms

Serve as a source of energy for cell

Hydrophobic substances, such as fatty acid are which of the following

Nonpolar substances that repel water molecules

Hydrophobic substances, such as fatty acids are

Nonpolar substances that repel water molecules

Why does a carbon atom form four covalent bonds?

Because Carbon needs to share 4 electrons to fill its outer valence shell

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Biology Exam 1 Study Guide

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1
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have which of the following components in common
Plasma membrane
All of the above
Cell wall
Nucleus
2
Which of the following solution pH would be mildly acidic
2
8
6
7
3
____ are molecules that have the same composition of atoms, but different structures and/or bonding association.
Catalysts
Isotopes
Free radicals
Isomers
4
Which of the following functional groups can act as acids within the water environment of cells
Carbonyl group
Carboxyl group
Methyl group
Hydroxyl group
5
At what degree Celsius is water most dense
-20
20
4
0
6
How many molecules of ribose (C5H10O5) are in 1 L of a one mole solution of ribose?
6.02 x 10^24
6.02 x 10^23
3.01 x 10^23
12.04 x 10^23
7
The cell wall of plants is composed of which of the following
Chitin
Cellulose
Peptidoglycan
Phospholipid bilayer
8
A bond is likely to be polar when which of the following occurs
One of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other
The two out of sharing electrons are the same element
The two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative
Carbon is one of the two atoms sharing electrons
9
In comparison to eukaryotes, which is true of prokaryotes
They are smaller
There are more structurally complex
They are larger
They have membrane bound organelles
10
Which is correct in terms as a hierarchy of exploring largest the smallest levels of biological organization?
Biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism
Ecosystem, community, biosphere, population, organism
Ecosystem, biosphere, population, community, organism
Biosphere, ecosystem, population, community, organism
11
Which is evidenced that all living things have a common ancestry
They use the catalyst by all living things
The nucleus is the same in all LIVING THINGS
The structure of cilia
All living things have an inherited the same universal genetic code in DNA
12
Which of the following is true of hydrocarbon molecules?
They hydrophilic because they are soluble in water
Soluble in water because they form negative and positive charged regions
They’re insoluble in water because most of their bonds are polar covalent
Insoluble in water and lack electron atoms/form nonpolar covalent bonds
13
Which polysaccharide is composed entirely of beta glucose units covalently bonded together
Glycogen
Cellulose
Maltose
Starch
14
Which of the following atoms have five electrons orbiting in its second energy level?
Oxygen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
15
Which type of covalent bond results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
Nonpolar
Ionic
Hydrogen
Polar
16
One difference between a carbon atom with atomic mass of 14 and one with an atomic mass of 12 is that carbon 14 has ___.
Two more neutrons than carbon 12
Two more electrons and carbon 12
Two more electrons and two more neutrons than carbon 12
Two more protons and two more neutrons than carbon 12
17
What is the scientific study of life?
Chemistry physics
Evolution
Theology
Biology
18
Which type of chemical bond involves the equal sharing of only two electrons between atoms
Polar covalent bond
Hydrogen bond
Nonpolar covalent bond
Ionic bond
19
What is the molecular mass of ribose (C5H10O5)
150
500
140
180
20
Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds with which of the following?
Oxygen gas molecules
Organic molecules that have polar covalent bonds
Oils
Chloride ions
21
Which of the following cells have plasma membranes?
Only prokaryotic cells
Only eukaryotic cells
All living cells
Only plant cells
22
Which of the following are the units of inheritance of traits which are transmitted from parent to offspring?
Proteins
DNA
RNA
Carbohydrates
23
What determines the atomic mass of an element?
Number of protons in each atom of the element
Number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of the atom of the element
Both the number of protons in the chemical properties of atoms
Number of neutrons in each each atom of the element
24
____ utilize DNA as a genetic material but do not have their DNA enclosed within a nuclear envelope
Animals
Plants
Bacteria
Fungi
25
How many grams would equal to one mole of fructose (C6H12O6)
180 gram
6.02 x 10^23 gram
90 gram
75 grams
26
How many electrons does a hydrogen atom share with another atom in order to complete its valence shell
5
8
1
2
27
Which of the following effects is produced by the characteristics of water
Evaporation of sweat from the skin helps to keep people from overheating
All of the above
A water strider spider can walk across the surface of a small pond
Water flows upward from the roots to the leaves in plants
28
Why does evaporation of water and sweat from the skin cause cooling of the surface?
The salute molecules left behind absorb heat
Breaking of bond between water molecules absorb heat
The expansion of water vapor extracts heat from the surface
Water molecules that absorb the most heat energy evaporate more readily
29
How many protons are in the nucleus of a nitrogen atom?
7
6
5
3
30
The primary source of energy for most organisms on this planet is ultimately derived from which of the following?
Sugars
Oxygen
Carbohydrates
Sunlight
31
In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bound to oxygen by which of the following
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Ionic bonds
Polar covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
32
How many electrons does an oxygen atom share with other atoms to complete its valence electron shell
2
3
1
4
33
Which for the 25 elements of LIVING THINGS make up approximately 96% of living matter?
Oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen
Carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen
Carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen
Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen
34
A group of organisms that can naturally interbreed to produce fertile offspring is called which of the following
Family
Domain
Species
Biosphere
35
Which of the following is not a chemical formula for a molecule?
H2
H
H2O
O2
36
How can students in this class organize all the information covering a broad range of topics included in biology?
Divide the enormous range of life into hierarchy levels
Conceptualizing five unifying themes of life rather than memorizing them
Focusing on a few big ideas or ways of thinking about life
All of the above
37
To understand the basis of inheritance, we must understand the structure of DNA. This is an example of ___.
Evolution
Emergent properties
Feedback regulation
Reductionism
38
Which is the mass in grams of two moles of the molecule C₂H₄0₂?
90 grams
180 grams
120 grams
60 grams
39
What is described as a 0.1 M sucrose (molecular mass=342) solution?
6.02 x10^22 of sucrose molecules or 34.2 g of sucrose is present
34.2 grams of sucrose are present in the solution
6.02 x 10^22 of sucrose molecules are present in solution
6.02 x 10^23 of sucrose molecules are present in the solution
40
___ is true concerning a molecule that contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group
It won’t form hydrogen bonds with water
It is hydrophobic
It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent rather than water
It is soluble water because it can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules
41
Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions?
Found only in living systems and biological fluid
Maintain relatively constant pH when acid or base is added to solution
Maintain constant pH when bases are added, but not acids
Maintain constant pH when acids are added to them but not bases
42
Which of the following consist of similar cells associated with each other to perform specific functions in animals?
Atoms
Organic molecules
Tissues
Macromolecules
43
Which of the following is the function of alpha glucose and fructose molecules in living organisms
Serve as a source of energy for cell
Help protect vital organs from damage
Service structural components of human cells
Forms of regulatory molecules known as enzymes
44
Hydrophobic substances, such as fatty acid are which of the following
Polar substances that repel water molecules
Nonpolar substances that repel water molecules
Polar substances that have an affinity for water molecules
Nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules
45
Hydrophobic substances, such as fatty acids are
Polar substances that have an affinity for water
Nonpolar substances that repel water molecules
Polar substances that repel water molecules
Nonpolar substances that have attraction for water molecules
46
What is the maximum number of electron that can occupy a single 2S orbital of an atom?
4
1
2
8
47
Why does a carbon atom form four covalent bonds?
Because the most common isotope has four neutrons
Because carbon has a high electronegativity
Because Carbon needs to share 4 electrons to fill its outer valence shell
Because Carbon tends to give up 4 electrons to balance it’s proton charge
48
____ chemical bonds are formed between water molecules that causes cohesion attraction of water molecules to each other
Hydrogen
Hydrophobic interactions
Polar covalent
Ionic
49
The smallest unit of a chemical element that still has the properties of that element is a _____
Amino acid
Atom
Isomer
Molecule
50
___ results when slightly negative charges of water are attracted to slightly positive charges of another water molecule
Covalent bond
Polar covalent bond
Ionic bond
Hydrogen bond
51
How many grams of the molecule C₂H₄0₂ are required to make 1 L of a 0.5 M solution?
120 grams
30 grams
60 grams
90 grams
52
What is the effect of pH of blood when cellular respiration occurs?
Blood pH will increase slightly as hydrogen ions increase
Blood pH will decreased slightly as hydrogen ions increase
Blood pH will first increase, then decrease a CO2 combines with hemoglobin
Blood pH remain unchanged since hydrogen ions remain the same
53
Which of the following is characteristics of a eukaryotic cell?
DNA is concentrated in one area without nuclear envelope
They typically have a cell wall in addition to a plasma membrane
They have membrane bound organelles
They consist of variety of structures
54
If a solution has a pH of seven, this means which of the following
The solution is pure water
The concentration of H ions in H2O equals concentration of OH ions in H2O
Solution of pure water, concentration of H ions in water is 10–7 M
Solution of pure water, concentration of H ions = concentration of OH ions
55
Vegetable oils are which of the following
Nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules
Nonpolar substances that repel water molecules
Polar substances that have an affinity for water
Polar substances that repel water molecules
56
How does 0.5 M sucrose solution (mm=342) compare to 0.5 M glucose (mm=180) solution
Sucrose has 171 mg/L where glucose has 90 mg/L
Sucrose has 171 molecules, whereas glucose has 90
Both solutions contain 3.10 x 10^23 sugar molecules
Both have 6.02 x 10^23 molecules
57
What makes each of the 20 different types of amino acids and living organisms unique are different from the others
Different structural and optical isomers
Different side chains (R groups) attached to a carboxyl carbon
Different side chains (R group) attached to the central (a) carbon
Different side chains ( R group) attached to the amino groups
58
In addition to the Alpha carbon of each amino acid bonding a hydrogen atom, _____ covalently bond to the central carbon
All of the above
Radical group
Carboxyl group
Amino group
59
Which of the following is characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
They consist of a variety of cell structures
Typically have a cell wall in addition to a plasma membrane
DNA concentrated in one area without a nuclear envelope
They have a variety of membrane bound organelles
60
If an ion has a charge of plus one, which of the following must be true
It has two more protons than neutrons
It has one more proton than it does electron
It has one more electron than it does proton
It is the same same number of protons as electrons
61
Which causes global warming and melting of polar ice and the reduced feeding opportunities for polar organisms
The constant breaking and reforming of hydrogen bonds in water
The increase in CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
The drawing up of lakes and streams
The increase in phytoplankton population
62
Water molecules are not able to form hydrogen bonds with which of the following?
Lipids
Proteins and nucleic acids
Na and Cl
Molecules with polar covalent bonds
63
Lipids are which of the following
Nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water
Polar substances that have an affinity for water
Nonpolar substances that repel water molecules
Polar substances that repel water molecules
64
Which of the following indicates the most basic pH?
3
7
10
8
65
Fatty acids are bonded to glycerol by which of the following types of covalent bonds to form phospholipids?
Glycosidic bonds
Phosphodiester bond
Ester bond
Peptide bond
66
Which of the following gets formed by a combination of tissues in animals?
Systems
Cells
Molecules
Organs
67
Which bond or interaction would be difficult to disrupt in water of cells
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds
Ester bonds
Covalent bonds between carbon atoms
68
Why is there unity in the characteristics of all living things?
All living things are produced by the same factory
All living things were formed at the same time instead of different times
They cannot change their characteristics through time
All living things descend by evolution from a common ancestor
69
Buffers substances help resist shifts in pH by
Donating H to a solution when bases are added
Donating H when bases are added, and excepting H when acid are added
Releasing H to the solution when acids are added
Excepting H from a solution when acids are added
70
What type of bond is formed when the atoms sharing electrons have the same electronegativity
Polar covalent bond
Ionic bond
Nonpolar covalent bond
Hydrogen bond
71
Why do partial negative charges occur on water molecules
Oxygen forms hybrid, orbitals the distribute electrons unequally
O has electrons in its valence shell that are not neutralized by H atoms
Electrons shared spend more time around O nucleus then H nucleus
One of the hydrogen atoms donates an electron to the oxygen atom
72
All the following characteristics are expressed by prokaryotes, except which of the following
They possess membrane bound organelles
They’re relatively small compared to eukaryotes
They have similar structures relative to eukaryotes
DNA is located within the cytosol
73
Plant chloroplast convert the energy of sunlight into which of the following by photosynthesis
Covalent bond energy formed in carbon dioxide
Covalent bond energy formed in molecules with formulation of C6H1206
Covalent bond energy form between two hydrogen
Covalent bond energy formed in water
74
Photosynthesis conducted by cyanobacteria, chloroplast, and plants does which of the following?
Convert sunlight to potential energy in covalent bonds
Convert chemical energy to mechanical energy
Convert sunlight to mechanical energy
Convert mechanical energy to chemical energy
75
Nitrogen – 15 has greater mass and nitrogen – 14 because the atomic nucleus of Nitrogen– 15 contains ___.
15 electrons
15 protons
7 neutrons
8 neutrons +7 protons
76
How many electrons does an oxygen atom share with other atoms in order to complete its valence shell?
3
2
4
1
77
Which of the following statements is true of all living organisms
A typical human liver cell has one set of chromosome rather than two
mRNA is the only type of RNA found in living cells
Organisms interact with the environment without affecting their environment
All forms of life employ the same genetic code
78
Which is a localized group of organisms that belong to the same species?
Biosphere
Phylum
Community
Population
79
Which of the following most correctly describes the first, innermost electron energy level of an atom?
It is called the 2S orbital
It is called the 2PX orbital and can have a maximum of two electrons
You can have a maximum of one electron
It is called the 1S orbital and can have a maximum of two electrons
80
How many covalent bonds are formed by each nitrogen atom?
3
1
4
2
81
What is true of biology?
Exciting new discoveries are being made every day
All of the above
It is a subjective enormous scope
Study extends from molecules/cells to the global scale of earth
82
Which of the following is true about living cells?
All of the above
All new cells are produced from pre-existing cells by cell division
Smallest unit of living things that demonstrate the characteristics of life
All living things are comprised of cells
83
What is the maximum number for electrons that can occupy a single 2PX orbital of an atom?
1
4
6
2
84
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the second energy shell of an atom?
2
8
1
6
85
Which of the following answers most correctly describes the 2Pz orbital of an atom
It is one of four electron orbitals in the second energy level
Both yellow and blue
Can have a maximum of two electrons
Can I have a maximum of eight electrons?
86
What makes an element, unique and different from other elements and chemical properties
The atom of each element has unique number of neutrons in its nucleus
The atom of each element has a unique atomic weight
Each element has a different radioactive property
The atom of each element has a unique number of protons in its nucleus
87
Which explains the way we understand the complexity of biological systems?
Ecosystem displays complex properties of the biotic component only
Understanding interactions between components =understanding reductionism
Understanding chemical structure of DNA reveals how it directs the cell
Knowing function of a component gives insight to structure & organization
88
What is the maximum number of covalent bond and element with the atomic number eight can make with hydrogen atoms?
2
4
6
1
89
Which of the two different domains of prokaryotes?
Archaea and Protista
Bacteria and Archaea
Bacteria and Eukarya
Bacteria and fungi
90
Which of the following is the strongest possible chemical bond between atoms of inorganic molecules
Hydrogen bond
Ionic bond
Hydrophobic interaction
Covalent bond

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