What is the biosocial perspective on why deviance occurs?

Deviance is influenced by genetic factors

What are subcultures?

Groups within larger culture that have distinct values, norms, or practices

What are social sanctions?

Rewards or punishments used to enforce social norms

What is ethnomethodology?

How people use everyday interactions to make sense of their social world

Name the 3 major leadership styles

Authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire

Define symbolic interactionism

Focusing on how individuals interact through shared symbols and meanings

What does it mean to "humanize the workplace?"

Creating a work environment that values well-being and collaboration

What is Weber's perspective on what determines social class?

Social class is determined by wealth, power, and prestige

What is the difference between material and non-material culture?

Material culture=physical objects, non-material culture=beliefs, values

Name 2 characteristics of bureaucracies

Hierarchical structure and division of labor

What are moral holidays?

When individuals are allowed to break social norms without consequences

Disorientation experienced when encountering an unfamiliar culture

When group members conform to a consensus, often leading to poor decision

What is the sociological perspective on why deviance occurs?

Deviance is shaped by social structures, norms, and inequality

What are some examples of "white-collar crime?

Embezzlement, fraud, and insider trading

The belief that one's own culture is superior to others

What is Marx's perspective on what determines social class?

Social class is determined by ownership of the means of production

Learning and internalizing the norms, values, and behaviors of society

What is the "alienation of workers?"

Disconnection workers experience from their labor and its products

Behavior that violates social norms or expectations

Define the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Language shapes the way people perceive and think about the world

What is the psychological perspective on why deviance occurs?

Deviance is caused by personality disorders or mental health issues

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Sociology Final

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Questions 24

Answers

1
What is the biosocial perspective on why deviance occurs?
Deviance is unrelated to biological factors
Deviance results from social inequality
Deviance is caused by psychological disorders
Deviance is influenced by genetic factors
2
True or False: An increase in poverty always causes an increase in crime:
False
True
3
What are subcultures?
The dominant culture within a society
Cultures that exist only in isolated regions
Groups within larger culture that have distinct values, norms, or practices
Groups that reject all cultural norms and values
4
What are social sanctions?
Cultural practices that promote equality
Economic policies that regulate social behavior
Legal penalties for breaking laws
Rewards or punishments used to enforce social norms
5
What is ethnomethodology?
How people use everyday interactions to make sense of their social world
The rejection of social norms and values
The examination of economic systems within societies
The analysis of cultural artifacts and traditions
6
Name the 3 major leadership styles
Economic, political, and social
Traditional, modern, and postmodern
Authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire
Symbolic, structural, and functional
7
Define symbolic interactionism
Studying the influence of technology on culture
Examining the economic structure of society
Focusing on how individuals interact through shared symbols and meanings
Analyzing historical events
8
What does it mean to "humanize the workplace?"
Creating a work environment that values well-being and collaboration
Eliminating all hierarchy within the workplace
Increasing productivity by enforcing strict rules
Reducing employee benefits to save costs
9
What is Weber's perspective on what determines social class?
Social class is based solely on economic factors
Social class is determined by cultural values
Social class is determined by wealth, power, and prestige
Social class is unrelated to individual achievements
10
What is the difference between material and non-material culture?
Material culture= social norms, non-material culture=physical objects
Material culture=language, while non-material culture includes artifacts
Material culture=physical objects, non-material culture=beliefs, values
Material culture= traditions, while non-material culture=technology
11
Name 2 characteristics of bureaucracies
Equality among all members and shared responsibilities
Hierarchical structure and division of labor
Informal communication and lack of rules
Flexible roles and absence of authority
12
What are moral holidays?
Periods of time dedicated to religious observances
National holidays that celebrate cultural traditions
Days when moral values are taught in schools
When individuals are allowed to break social norms without consequences
13
Define culture shock
The process of adapting to a new culture
Disorientation experienced when encountering an unfamiliar culture
The belief that all cultures are equal
The rejection of one's own cultural norms
14
Define groupthink
The rejection of cultural norms within a group
When group members conform to a consensus, often leading to poor decision
The study of group dynamics and interactions
The process of forming social groups
15
What is the sociological perspective on why deviance occurs?
Deviance is unrelated to societal influences
Deviance is caused by psychological disorders
Deviance is shaped by social structures, norms, and inequality
Deviance results from genetic predispositions
16
What are some examples of "white-collar crime?
Robbery, assault, and vandalism
Drug trafficking, burglary, and arson
Embezzlement, fraud, and insider trading
Kidnapping, extortion, and terrorism
17
Define Ethnocentrism
The rejection of all cultural norms and values
The belief that one's own culture is superior to others
The process of adapting to a new culture
The practice of studying other cultures objectively
18
What is Marx's perspective on what determines social class?
Social class is determined by ownership of the means of production
Social class is determined by cultural values
Social class is based on individual achievements
Social class is unrelated to economic factors
19
Define socialization
The study of social interactions
Learning and internalizing the norms, values, and behaviors of society
The act of forming social groups
The rejection of cultural norms
20
What is the "alienation of workers?"
The rejection of workplace norms by employees
The process of workers gaining control over their workplace
Disconnection workers experience from their labor and its products
The integration of workers into decision-making processes
21
What is deviance?
The study of social interactions
Actions that conform to cultural standards
Behavior that violates social norms or expectations
The rejection of all societal values
22
Which of the following pairs are agents of socialization?
Government and geography
Family and media
Language and artifacts
Economy and technology
23
Define the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Culture is determined by economic factors
Language is unrelated to thought processes
Social norms are universal across all societies
Language shapes the way people perceive and think about the world
24
What is the psychological perspective on why deviance occurs?
Deviance is influenced by genetic and environmental factors
Deviance is caused by personality disorders or mental health issues
Deviance results from social inequality
Deviance is unrelated to psychological factors

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