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Disaster Nursing - Part 3 Flashcards | StudBud
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Disaster Nursing - Part 3
Disaster Nursing - Part 3
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1
What are common causes of Head Injuries in a blast scenario?
Blast, building collapse, or flying debris.
Excessive noise exposure.
Weather changes and air pressure.
Excessive screen time.
2
Why is a response crucial during epidemics?
To promote fashion trends and cultural events
To enhance social media presence
To prevent catastrophic loss and economic devastation
To organize musical concerts and art exhibitions
3
Which animals are vaccinated to prevent transmission of anthrax through contaminated meat?
Cats and dogs
Fish and amphibians
Cattle and herbivores
Birds and reptiles
4
What is the most frequent injury after exposure to a pressure wave?
Concussion.
Muscle strain.
Tympanic Membrane Rupture.
Broken bones.
5
What is crucial for improving survivability after building collapses during natural disasters?
Gourmet meals for survivors
Live music performances
Fashionable attire for rescue workers
Rapid response to identify and extricate trapped victims
6
What larger-scale issues contribute to morbidity and mortality after natural disasters?
Absence of water purification and waste removal
Excessive safety precautions
Animal remains
Overabundance of resources
7
What significant challenges arise during natural disasters?
Abundant resources
Loss of communications, water, and electricity
Increased communication capabilities
Enhanced infrastructure
8
What are the characteristic manifestations of anthrax infection through skin contact?
Rash, fever, sore throat, cough
Edema, pruritus, macule or papule, painless eschar formation
Abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, ascites
Nausea, vomiting, fever
9
What are the effects of Blast Lung?
Rash, fever, headache.
Nausea, vomiting.
Hemorrhage, tearing of lung, V/Q mismatch, potential air emboli.
Joint pain, swelling.
10
How do the majority of Tympanic Membrane Ruptures heal?
With surgery.
Spontaneously.
With physical therapy.
With medication.
11
Which signs and symptoms may indicate Abdominal Injuries (Blast Abdomen)?
Muscle cramps, joint stiffness.
Rectal bleeding, nausea, and vomiting.
Pain, guarding, rebound tenderness
Itchy skin, runny nose.
12
What may hospital personnel do regarding "walking wounded" individuals?
Treat them even if they haven't undergone decontamination
Refuse treatment until decontaminated
Refer them to other facilities
Provide decontamination services at the scene
13
What is the incubation period for anthrax infection through inhalation?
1 to 43 days
7 to 14 days
5 to 7 days
1 to 6 days
14
What effect do enclosed spaces have on the blast wave?
They may amplify the blast wave.
They have no effect.
They decrease the intensity.
They absorb the blast entirely.
15
What causes the majority of injuries in a blast event?
Enclosed space amplification.
Building collapse.
Shearing of body tissues.
The primary blast wave.
16
The reason extreme temperatures or contaminated food and water lead to injuries during natural disasters?
Absence of safe cover or clean water
Excessive safety precautions
Overabundance of resources
Availability of shelter and potable water
17
What types of events can be categorized as natural disasters?
Tornadoes, hurricanes, and floods
Building collapses
Chemical spills
Traffic accidents
18
Which method of anthrax infection is the most common?
Gastrointestinal ingestion
Sexual transmission
Inhalation
Skin contact
19
What characterizes an epidemic?
A sudden increase in fashion demand
A rise in musical performances
Widespread outbreak of infectious disease exceeding anticipated levels
A surge in art exhibitions
20
Why is anthrax recognized as the most likely weaponized biologic agent?
Highly debilitating and acknowledged for centuries
Mild and ineffective
Limited in availability
Rare and inaccessible
21
What defines an outbreak?
A fashion show in a community center
A gathering of individuals in a public place
An annual health check-up event
A disease exceeding normal expectations within a population
22
What is the recommended timeframe for anthrax treatment to prevent death after exposure?
Within 1 week
Within 48 hours
Within 7 days
Within 24 hours
23
What is involved in effective decontamination?
Application of lotion
Removal of clothing and rinsing, followed by soap-and-water wash
Use of air fresheners
Wiping with dry cloth
24
What defines a pandemic?
A seasonal flu affecting only one region
A disease spreading across multiple countries or continents
A rare illness affecting a small population
A local outbreak confined to a specific area
25
What factors contribute to the occurrence of epidemics?
Fashion trends, entertainment options, social media engagement
Prior disease levels, environmental changes, population density
Economic stability, political climate, educational opportunities
Urban planning, transportation systems, architectural designs
26
What symptoms are associated with the first stage of anthrax inhalation?
Joint pain, muscle weakness
Chest pain, difficulty breathing
Rash, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Cough, headache, fever, vomiting
27
Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is primarily targeted by anthrax ingestion?
Stomach
Small intestine
Terminal ileum and cecum
Large intestine
28
How are pandemics investigated?
Through relying solely on anecdotal evidence and hearsay
Through blaming certain ethnic or cultural groups without evidence
Through public health surveillance and monitoring of illness clusters
Through praying for divine intervention and miraculous cures
29
Which signs and symptoms are associated with Blast Lung?
Dyspnea, hypoxia, tachypnea or apnea
Cough, chest pain, and hemodynamic instability.
Headache, blurred vision.
Skin rash, itching.
30
How does Bacillus anthracis infect individuals?
Through electromagnetic waves
Through contact with infected animal products or inhalation of spores
Through exposure to direct sunlight
Through consumption of contaminated water
31
What are the classifications of outbreaks?
Agricultural developments, environmental conservation efforts
Fashion trends, musical performances
Communicable disease, chemical exposure, unknown sources
Wildlife preservation
32
What is a hallmark sign seen on chest x-ray in the second stage of anthrax inhalation?
Pleural effusion
Hemorrhagic mediastinitis
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
33
What are the characteristics of anthrax as an aerosol?
Smelly, visible, and stationary
Odorless, invisible, and can travel great distances before disseminating
Colorful, audible, and dispersible
Tasteless, audible, and immobile
34
What types of conditions can lead to blasts?
Political unrest
Volcanic eruptions
Extreme weather conditions
Specific conditions like improper cleaning in an industrial setting
35
Before being deemed safe for occupancy, what do water-damaged buildings require?
Thorough examination
Immediate occupancy
Fashionable renovations
Additional decorations
36
What challenges do hospitals face if prehospital decontamination is done?
Hospitals are always fully prepared
Prehospital providers handle all decontamination
Additional decontamination may still be necessary
No further decontamination is needed
37
How can transmission occur during outbreaks?
Through telepathic communication
By attending community events
By reading fashion magazines
Via persons, animals, or the environment
38
Which signs and symptoms may indicate Tympanic Membrane Rupture?
Itchy skin, runny nose.
Blurred vision, dry mouth.
Muscle cramps, joint stiffness.
Hearing loss, tinnitus, pain, dizziness, and otorrhea.
39
What factors influence the incidence of Tympanic Membrane Rupture?
Low atmospheric pressure.
Increased when the blast is in close proximity and in an enclosed space.
Decreased temperature.
Higher humidity levels.
40
What precautions are required for caring for anthrax-infected patients?
Airborne precautions
Standard precautions
Droplet precautions
Contact precautions
41
What must hospitals be prepared to do regarding decontamination?
Conduct decontamination only if necessary
Delegate decontamination to other facilities
Skip decontamination steps
Conduct additional decontamination before entry
42
What does "spalling" refer to in the context of blast injuries?
The pressure wave itself.
Rupture of organs from gases.
Blast response of tissues.
Forces exceeding tensile strength.
43
What are the emergency characteristics of epidemics?
Large projected number of cases, unable to manage adequately
Threatening social or economic disruption
Risk of international disease transmission
Disease causing serious disability or death
44
Why is decontamination crucial for healthcare providers?
To prevent secondary contamination
To improve visibility
To increase comfort
To enhance fashionability
45
What complication may arise from Blast Lung?
Kidney stones.
Stomach ulcers.
Eye infections.
Respiratory failure and ARDS.
46
What risks do pregnant patients face in a blast scenario?
Increased risk of muscle cramps.
Placental shear forces, increasing the risk of abruptio placentae.
Increased risk of allergies.
Increased risk of fainting.
47
What components are essential for community support during and after natural disasters?
Entertainment venues and cinemas
Mental health workers and shelters
Food critics and gourmet kitchens
Fashion designers and boutiques
48
Why is thorough decontamination essential for both patients and healthcare providers?
For fashion and comfort
It is unnecessary
To prevent the spread of contaminants
To increase visibility
49
What is the term for the rupture of organs from entrapped gases during a blast?
Implosion.
Shearing.
Irreversible work.
Spalling.
50
At what water temperature can hypothermia set in rapidly for workers during natural disasters?
30°C (86°F) or more
23.9°C (75°F) or less
40°C (104°F) or more
20°C (68°F) or less
51
What contributes to injuries related to building collapse?
Proximity to the blast.
The type of explosive used.
The efficiency of medical resources.
Structural damage caused by the explosion.
52
How far apart can the release site and infection site of anthrax be?
Millimeters apart
Centimeters apart
Miles apart
Kilometers apart
53
Which ailments may peak after earthquakes and volcanic eruptions due to increased particulate matter in the air?
Pulmonary problems
Skin conditions
Neurological disorders
Gastrointestinal issues
54
What are the results of infection by the causative agent of anthrax?
Hemorrhage, edema, and necrosis
Fever, cough, and sore throat
Dizziness, fatigue, and joint pain
Itching, redness, and swelling
55
Which antibiotics are recommended for prophylaxis in exposed patients without symptoms?
Penicillin or amoxicillin
Azithromycin or erythromycin
Ciprofloxacin or doxycycline
Levofloxacin or moxifloxacin
56
What should the decontamination plan establish?
Procedures, education, equipment, disposal
Equipment maintenance
Patient care only
Staffing schedules
57
Why should patients arriving not be assumed decontaminated?
They are likely not contaminated
Prehospital decontamination is often incomplete
Prehospital providers are thorough
Hospitals do not conduct decontamination
58
What are the critical challenges posed by natural disasters?
Fashionable clothing
Lack of shelter and clean water
Safe infrastructure
Abundance of resources
59
Why are older adults more susceptible to bone fractures in a blast scenario?
Due to increased flexibility.
Due to higher pain tolerance.
Due to decreased bone density.
Due to improved muscle strength.
60
Why is safety equipment crucial for rescue workers during natural disasters?
To enhance visibility
To follow fashion trends
To increase comfort
To protect them from injuries and exposure
61
Why is containment crucial during a pandemic?
To identify the source and implement containment measures
To distribute free merchandise to the public
To organize large-scale social gatherings
To increase panic and fear among the population
62
How is Blast Lung managed?
Apply ice packs.
Perform heart surgery.
Give oral antibiotics.
Provide respiratory support.
63
What causes Blast Lung?
Secondary blast waves.
Excessive noise exposure.
Ingestion of chemicals.
Result of the blast wave passing through air-filled lungs.
64
Why may internal injuries from the blast wave not be immediately evident during triage?
Because they may take time to manifest
Because they are less severe than external injuries
Because victims may be unconscious
Because they only affect bystanders
65
What is a common consequence of Head Injuries post-blast?
Broken bones.
Vision impairment.
Respiratory problems.
Concussions.
66
Which of the following is an example of an industrial accident leading to an explosion?
Controlled demolition
Fireworks display
Welding inside a tank with residual tar
A military training exercise
67
What assistance is needed for abandoned and injured pets during natural disasters?
Culinary expertise
Fashion advice
Musical therapy
Veterinary assistance
68
What role does the trauma system play during natural disasters?
Handling mass casualties
Providing fashion advice
Ensuring comfort for survivors
Ignoring casualties
69
What can serve as vectors for biologic agents?
Insects, animals, persons, or direct contact with the weapon.
Clouds and precipitation.
Rocks and minerals.
Artificial intelligence.
70
Which antibiotics are recommended for anthrax treatment in penicillin-sensitive patients?
Penicillin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and doxycycline
Amoxicillin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, tetracycline
Ceftriaxone, clindamycin, gentamicin, vancomycin
Azithromycin, moxifloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, metronidazole
71
What is the recommended method of disposing of the remains of anthrax-infected individuals?
Burial
Water burial
Cremation
Embalming
72
What challenges may individuals with mobility disabilities face in a blast scenario?
Challenges in cooking.
Challenges in driving.
Challenges in reading.
Challenges in extricating themselves from the blast site.
73
What is the causative agent of anthrax?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Escherichia coli
Bacillus anthracis
Staphylococcus aureus
74
How does proximity to the explosion influence injuries?
It reduces the likelihood of injuries.
Proximity determines the type of explosive.
Closer proximity results in more severe injuries.
It has no impact on injuries.
