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Duplicate of Ap Psychology Exam Review Spring 2015 (full review 100 questions) Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of Ap Psychology Exam Review Spring 2015 (full review 100 questions)
Duplicate of Ap Psychology Exam Review Spring 2015 (full review 100 questions)
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1
Behavior that interferes with an individual's social or occupational functioning may be
insane
deviant
personallydistressing
maladaptive
2
Which of the following psychologists is known for conducting classic research on conformity?
Solomon Asch
Leon Festinger
Stanley Milgram
Daryl Bem
3
A mental "rule of thumb" for problem-solving is referred to as
asyllogism.
analgorithm.
amental set
a heuristic.
4
An agonist
mimicsthe action of a neurotransmitter
preventsreuptake of neurotransmitters
extendsthe absolute refractory period of neural transmission
blocksthe action of neurotransmitters
5
A chemical that transfers information from one neuron to another is referred toas a(n)
neuralimpulse
neurotransmitter
enzyme
synapticvesicle
6
The person responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline is
WilhelmWundt
WilliamJames
RenéDescartes
G.Stanley Hall
7
Which one places a major emphasis on subjective factors in theperception of thresholds?
Fechner'slaw
Steven'spower factor
Weber'slaw
signaldetection theory
8
Behavior that does not coincide with cultural norms may be considered to be
insane
personallydistressing
deviant
maladaptive
9
A person is not held responsible for a crime if they have a mental illness. They are considered
schizophrenic
insane
psychotic
psychopathic
10
When the word "oat" is changed to the word "boat," the number of
phonemes and morphemes are both increased
phonemes stays the same, morphemes is increased
phonemes increase, but the number of morphemes stay the same
phonemes decreases, but the number of morphemes increases
11
Which basic kinds of problems requires the solver to findrelations among parts of the problem?
arrangement
recategorization
transformation
inducing structure
12
The memory system that is a limited-capacity storage of information for 20-30 seconds is
sensory memory
short term memory
long term memory
none of the above
13
In general, toddlers can
say more words than they understand
use more "action" words than "object" words
understand more words than they can say
understand and say about the same number of words
14
A child who says, "I sawed a cat in the yard," is making which of the following errors?
overregularization
underextension
overextension
underregularization
15
Functional fixedness is the
ability to see an item for it's common use only
inability to discover relations among the parts of a problem
inability to carry out transformations to reach a goal
none of these
16
The theory of hearing that views the basilar membrane as being like a drumhead is
timpanitheory
placetheory
frequencytheory
opponentprocess theory
17
The basic parts of a neuron are
hindbrain,midbrain, forebrain
cellbody, axon, dendrites
myelin,nodes, axon terminals
vesicles,terminal buttons, synapse
18
What is the mode of the following data? 2, 3, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 12
5
4
3
6
19
The subtype of schizophrenia marked by delusions of persecution and grandeur is
disorganized
hebephrenic
paranoid
catatonic
20
Which of the following disorders is seen only in affluent Western cultures?
anorexianervosa
schizophrenia
depression
bipolarillness
21
Which of the following terms refers to the systematic observation of behavior?
introspection
empiricism
pedagogy
cognition
22
The cells that provide structural support and insulation for neurons are called
neuromodulators
glia
dendrites
somata
23
Statistics that are used to summarize and organize data are called
inferential statistics
computational statistics
numerical statistics
descriptive statistics
24
Who is most closely associated with the cognitiveperspective in psychology?
Abraham Maslow
B.F. Skinner
Noam Chomsky
David Buss
25
In order for a reinforcer to be most effective, it should be
a secondaryreinforcer
delivered a.s.a.p after the behavior has been performed
delayedfor varying periods of time depending on the behavior
delayed for a short period of time
26
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
Morphemic
Mnemonic
Phonemic
Platonic
27
In terms of personality characteristics, people who are good looking tend to be viewed as
honest and truthful.
intelligent and nonconforming.
sociable, friendly, and warm.
dominant and perceptive.
28
The child's first words are generally spoken at about what age?
6-8 months
18-21 months
3 - 5 months
10-13 months
29
The "magic number seven" describes the
duration of STM
numberof units that may be encoded in LTM at one time
most frequently occurring number on a set of dice
capacity of STM
30
According to Sigmund Freud, an individual's personality is largely determined by
strivings for superiority
forces in the unconscious
self-actualizing tendencies
forces in the environment
31
The type of memory where information is stored for the shortest period of time is
short term memory
working memory
sensory memory
long term memory
32
Babies start babbling at about what age?
birth
3 months
1 month
6 months
33
Our ability to reason constitutes primarily
acognitive activity.
a behavioral activity.
a learned activity.
an objective activity.
34
A hypothesis is
a random guess as to what might happen in an experiment
asystem of ideas used to explain a set of observations
aconclusion drawn from an experiment
a basic statement about the relationship between variables
35
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their
reticularformation
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrinesystem
limbicsystem
36
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their
reticularformation
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrinesystem
limbicsystem
37
The likelihood a person would be declared legally incompetent would be highest for
anantisocial personality disorder
asubstance-abuse disorder
a generalized anxiety disorder
a schizophrenic disorder
38
The brain structure that controls your ability to understand speech is
Wernicke'sarea
thethalamus
Broca'sarea
theoccipital lobe of the cerebral cortex
39
The final step in a scientific investigation is to
analyzethe data
decidewhether or not the hypothesis was supported
reportthe findings
conductthe study
40
You have a severe ear infection. One potential side effect would be
lossof ability to taste the "flavor" of food
blurredvision
anenhanced sense of smell
lossof balance
41
Placebos are used in research to control for
non treatment effects
the subjects' expectations about treatment
random fluctuations in the independent variable
secondary drug effects
42
The Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model proposes that memory has
four different memory stores
sensory, short-term, and long-term stores
short-,medium-, and long-term stores
sensory, short-term, medium-term, and long-term stores
43
Risky decision making involves making decisions under conditions of
low subjective utility
uncertainty
high subjective utility
positive expected value
44
Statistics that are used to interpret data and draw conclusions are called
inferentialstatistics
descriptivestatistics
numericalstatistics
significantstatistics
45
Thedistance between a terminal button and a dendrite is referred to as the
transmissiongap
neuromodulator
midsynapticpotential range
synapticcleft
46
The regulation of the sleep-wake cycle has been linked to
serotonin
phenylalanine hydroxylase
amino acid release cycles
gamma-aminobutyric acid
47
According to the notion of semantic networks, which pair of words would be linked mostclosely?
boat-goat
car-nose
fill-feed
tree-bird
48
Hypotheses are typically expressed as
statistics
variables
predictions
theories
49
The smallest unit of meaning in a language is
the phoneme
the morpheme
the word
the phrase
50
The purpose of the control group is to
isolatethe effect of the independent on the dependent
makethe experiment more complex
isolatethe effect of the dependent on the independent
makestatistical significance more likely
51
Flashbulb memories are
unusually vivid & detailed recollections of momentous events
memories for information
memories for actions, skills, and operations
chronological recollections of personal experiences
52
An operational definition
describesthe procedure used to measure or control a variable
statesrelationships to other variables
providesa logical basis for each term
separatelydefines each term used
53
If you persist in using the same problem-solving strategy time after time you are evidencing
anillusion
amental set
adelusion
ageneric insight
54
Cognitive dissonance refers to the state one is in when
beliefs are contrary to one's peer group.
interpersonalrelationships are unbalanced
behaviorsare socially undesirable.
cognitionsare inconsistent
55
The area of the frontal lobe that plays an important role in the production ofspeech is called
Broca's Area
Cannon's Area
Wernicke'sarea
Sperry's Area
56
An algorithm is
a "rule of thumb" used in problem solving
a methodical procedure for solving a problem
the set of possible pathways to a solution
equivalent to a heuristic
57
Language has rules that govern the arrangement ofwords into phrases and sentences this means
Language is generative
Language has continuity
Language is structured
Language is phonemic
58
The tendency to view one's country and culture as superior is known as?
egocentrism
ethnocentrism
racism
functionalism
59
Over emphasizing internal characteristics inexplaining the behavior of others is known as
the falseconsensus effect.
the situational attributional tendency.
the self-serving bias.
the fundamental attribution error.
60
Night and peripheral vision depend mainly on _, while daylight and acutevision depend mainly on
rodcells; bipolar cells
conecells; rod cells
bipolarcells; cone cells
rodcells; cone cells
61
The brain structure that controls essential functions such asbreathing and circulation is the
cerebellum
corpus callosum
pons
medulla
62
Somatoform disorders involve
genuine physical illness caused by psychological factors
apparent physical illness caused by psychological factors
thedeliberate faking of physical illness
psychologicaldisorders that respond to medical intervention
63
A dependent variable in an experiment refers to the variable
deliberatelymanipulated by the experimenter
thatthe experimenter is depending on
thatchanges value because of the systematic manipulation
heldconstant across the experimental conditions
64
a good analogy for the way in which aneurotransmitter binds to receptor sites is
akey fitting in the lock of a door
theopening and closing of a window
thepulling of the trigger of a gun
thelowering of a drawbridge
65
If you were attempting to recall a memory, the memory process you would be using is
linking
storage
retrieval
encoding
66
In a semantic network, concepts that are strongly associated will
have shorter pathways linking them together
be easier to chunk
have longer pathways linking them together
have a greater number of pathways linking them together
67
According to Skinner, a stimulus is a reinforcer if it
increasesthe probability of the response that produced it
decreasesthe probability of the response that produced it
reducesa biological need
inducesa biological need
68
What procedure helps correct for experimenter bias?
use of the double-blind procedure
a higher standard for statistical significance
sleep learning or hypnosis
extraneous or confounding variables
69
Most authentic cases of Dissociative Identity Disorder have in common a background of
a past characterized by physical, emotional or sexual abuse
extremely distorted communication patterns in the family
having been reinforced for "crazy" behavior
extremely overprotective parents
70
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines
attention
processing
perception
sensation
71
Given the same frequency of reinforcement, which one generates a higher rate of response?
fixed;variable
interval;ratio
variable;fixed
ratio;interval
72
Series-completion problems are examples of which of Greeno's (1978) categories?
transformation
arrangement
re-categorization
inducingstructure
73
The brain structure that controls essential functions such as breathing and circulation is the
medulla
pons
corpus callosum
cerebellum
74
Kevin hears voices singing even though none are present. Kevin suffers from
delusions
Obsessions
loosening of associations
hallucinations
75
Which of the following terms refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge?
pedagogy
empiricism
cognition
introspection
76
The most common psychological disorders in the United States are
schizophrenic disorders
personality disorders
anxiety disorders
mood disorders
77
A schema is
an organized general knowledge structure
aspecific type of representative heuristic
aspecific type of availability heuristic
apeculiar form of amnesia
78
An independent variable in an experiment refers to
thevariable deliberately manipulated by the experimenter
thevariable that is held constant
thevariable that provides an alternative explanation
thevariable that the experimenter believes will change
79
What is the median of the following data? 1, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 9,
4.57
6
3
4
80
The memory process that is analogous to the use of a keyboard to enter data into acomputer is
linking
encoding
storage
retrieval
81
Learning that takes place by observing another person is referred to as
observationallearning
classicalconditioning
operantconditioning
noncontingentlearning
82
The first two major "schools" of psychology were
behaviorism and psychoanalysis
structuralism and functionalism
functionalism and behaviorism
behaviorism and Gestalt psychology
83
Which Psychologist is associated with the "unconcious determinants of behavior"?
Noam Chomsky
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
John Watson
84
The technique most likely to involve contact between the researcher and the participant are
archivalresearch and psychological testing
directobservation and interviews
questionnairesand interviews
archivalresearch and questionnaires
85
The process that involves evaluating alternatives and making choices among them is known as
problem-solving.
bounded rationality.
decision-making.
insight.
86
Reabsorption of neurotransmitters into the presynaptic neuron is referred to as
cyclomyosis
reuptake
regrading
uploading
87
According to historians, the "birth" of psychology occurred in __________ in__________.
1859;England
1879;Germany
1883;the United States
1909;the United States
88
A scientific theory has to be
testable
acceptedby others
wellestablished and not disputed
true
89
Syntax refers to rules for
arranging words into phrases and sentences
combiningmorphemes into words
usingwords symbolically
combining phonemes to form morphemes
90
Syntax refers to rules for
combining phonemes to form morphemes.
combining morphemes into words.
using words symbolically.
arranging words into phrases and sentences.
91
Which of the following is the correct sequence through whichinformation flows in a neuron?
dendritesto axon to glia
dendritesto cell body to axon
axonto cell body to dendrites
gliato dendrites to axon
92
In a Skinner box, the cumulative recorder
controls the reinforcement contingencies
delivers the reinforcers
provides a complete record of everything the animal does
Records operant responces as a function of time
93
Discrimination refers to
unfair behavior towards members of a group
is the same thing as prejudice
all of the above
A negative attitude towards members of a group
94
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even though hishands are not dirty. Dave's behavior
is a delusion
is an obsession
is a compulsion
is a phobia
95
The insulating material that encases some axons is referred to as the
dendrite tree
soma
myelin sheath
corpus callosum
96
A family of chemicals produced in the body that resemble the opiates are the
dopamines
acetylcholines
biogenicamines
endorphins
97
A delusion is
afalse belief that is maintained even though it is not real
the major symptom associated with dissociative disorders
theconsequence of loosening of associations
a perceptual experience without a sensation
98
Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which
NS has the ability to elicit a response by another stimulus
involuntaryresponses are replaced by voluntary responses
responsescome to be controlled by their consequences
anorganism's responding is influenced by observing others
99
The concept of culture is most closely related to which of the following?
unconscious urges to satisfy one's basic instincts
anindividual's collective unconscious
Shared customs, beliefs, and values among members of a group
agenetic predisposition to behave in a particular way
100
The "tip of the tongue" phenomenon refers to
dream like material that you recall during alpha-wave sleep
a mnemonic device to help you store information in memory
saying something before you've thought about it
feeling like you know something but are unable to recall it
