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Topic 1: Development, Edexcel GCSE Psychology Flashcards | StudBud
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Topic 1: Development, Edexcel GCSE Psychology
Topic 1: Development, Edexcel GCSE Psychology
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1
Which if these is NOT a strategy to support cognitive development, according to Willingham's learning theory?
Making sure information is fully understood. (Asking questions/quizzes.)
Relating information to already existing knowledge or understanding.
Teaching through the most appropriate learning style for the given task.
Adapting tasks to a person's specific preferred learning style.
2
When a child alters their existing schema to include new information, this cognitive process is called...
Accommodation.
Representation.
Assimilation.
Disequilibrium.
3
Some children put in lots of effort and still don't improve, and some children improve with little effort. This is...
A weakness of Dweck's mindset theory.
A result of Dweck's mindset theory.
A conclusion of Dweck's mindset theory.
A strength of Dweck's mindset theory.
4
Which of these is NOT a fact about the midbrain?
It transfers visual information from the eyes to the brain.
It transfers auditory information from the ears to the brain.
It is the most recently developed portion of our brain.
It transfers motor (movement) information from the brain to the body.
5
A person has suffered damage to their cerebellum. Which of these would NOT be a potential symptom?
Inability to solve simultaneous equations.
Inability to be able to write something down.
Inability to stand up and balance well.
Inability to walk properly.
6
The neural plate grows longer, folds onto itself until that fold forms a groove, and that groove turns into...
The cerebellum.
The medulla.
The neural tube.
The forebrain.
7
Which of these is NOT a part of the hindbrain?
Cerebellum.
Pons.
Medulla.
Spinal cord.
8
Which of these is NOT true?
The hindbrain is the oldest and most basic part of the brain.
The hindbrain controls breathing, sleeping, sleep patterns, etc.
The hindbrain is responsible for deductive reasoning.
The hindbrain controls all 'automated' body systems.
9
When a child receives new information and uses their existing schema to try to understand it, this is called...
Representation.
Disequilibrium.
Assimilation.
Accommodation.
10
Which of these is NOT true about the pre-operational stage (18m-7yr), according to Jean Piaget?
A child cannot understand or perform reversible operations.
A child is egocentric and cannot understand 'conservation'.
A child believes that everything is alive, as they are. (Animism.)
A child is unable understand symbolic representation.
11
Which of these is a weakness of Willingham's learning theory?
His work has real world applications in schools and homes.
A child might find self regulation difficult due to their genetics.
His ideas can be scientifically tested.
His ideas come from many areas of neuroscience and cognitive development.
12
Lots of Dweck's experiments - to improve grades - was carried out in artificial settings. What is a weakness of this?
Lacks ethical considerations.
Lacks mundane realism.
Lacks ecological validity.
Lacks generalisability.
13
According to Piaget, which of these should NOT be part of a teacher's role within the classroom?
Dominating rather than facilitating the learning process.
Building up difficulty of tasks with increasing cognitive abilities.
Providing tasks that are appropriate to the child's level of development.
Offering suitable challenges so new discoveries can be made. Expand schema.
14
At around 6-7 weeks of pregnancy, the neural tube bulges into three sections. What are these?
Cerebellum, medulla and pons.
Skull, neck and eyes.
Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.
Ear, nose and throat.
15
A child in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development (according to Piaget) is ABLE to...
View things symbolically and take part in role play activities.
Perform logical thinking tasks.
Understand conservation.
Understand object permanance. (From around 9 months old.)
16
Which of these is NOT a strategy to support social development, according to Willingham's learning theory?
Gain more followers on your social media platforms.
Reduce distractions and have an organised space to support self-regulation.
Encourage a child to be independent so they can learn to self regulate.
Activities that help a child develop patience. (Linked to self regulation.)
17
When we practise we often improve. If this is true, why might you still have bad handwriting at the end of high school?
You're just really bad at handwriting.
You didn't work hard enough in school.
You spent too long texting and playing on your phone.
You were not 'practicing' handwriting, just quickly writing things down.
18
Which of these is NOT a strength of Dweck's mindset theory?
Dweck has lots of evidence to support her theory. (GMS=better grades.)
The theory has real world applications within education.
Dweck's supporting evidence lacks ecological validity.
The theory has real world applications for parents and how they praise.
19
Which of these is TRUE about the concrete operational stage of development (7-12y)?
The child aquires object permanence in this stage.
The child cannot solve conservation tasks.
The child becomes more egocentric.
The child acquires reversible thinking in this stage.
20
Piaget suggested children in the pre-operational stage are 'egocentric'. What does this mean?
They are unable to view things from a perspective other than their own.
They are intentionally selfish.
They are overly self confident.
They don't care about other people's feelings.
21
Piaget's theory suggests that intelligence is developed through the cognitive processes of...
Rational, analytical, hypothetical and philosophical reasoning.
Assimilation, disequilibrium, accommodation, equilibrium.
Sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational and formal operational.
Seeing, hearing, touching and smelling.
22
According to Carol Dweck's mindset theory, which of these statements of praise would encourage a growth mindset?
"I'm proud of you for being so amazing at spellings!"
"I'm proud of you for trying hard to spell that difficult word!"
"I knew you'd be top of the class because you're brilliant at everything!"
"You're so clever and smart!"
23
The neural plate is the foundation of a baby's brain and...
Limbs.
Head.
Skull.
Spinal cord.
24
The forebrain is considered the highest region of the brain. It is involved in...
Helping us to blink.
Processing complex information.
Our beliefs about humanity.
Controlling our heartbeat.
25
A controversial weakness of Dweck's mindset theory is that some psychologists believe the theory does what?
Acknowledges the importance of process praise over person praise.
Harms children's self esteem and self confidence.
"Blames" a child for their ability, disregarding limiting socio-economics.
Accepts that all children are different and learn in different ways.
26
Schemas are used in order to help us organise knowledge of the world, based on our...
Basic automated brain functions.
Genetic predisposition.
Own sense of self worth.
Own existing knowledge and experiences.
27
The medulla is responsible for reflex actions. Which of these is NOT controlled by the medulla?
Higher thinking.
Swallowing and breathing.
Coughing and sneezing.
Vomiting.
28
Piaget suggested that children transition through four stages of development as they get older. Which of these is true?
Piaget thought children jumped back and forth between these stages.
Piaget proposed ALL children go through this at roughly the same time/age.
Piaget believed that socioeconomics could interfere with these transitions.
Piaget thought that Western children transitioned through stages earliest.
29
Which of these is NOT a weakness of Dweck's mindset theory?
The supporting evidence lacks ecological validity. (Artificial setting.)
Does not explain a child that puts in lots of effort and still struggles.
Dweck has lots of evidence to support her theory. (GMS=better grades.)
Some psychologists argue that Dweck "blames" the child for lack of effort.
30
How many days after conception does the neural plate form?
20 days
15 days
21 days
16 days
31
What is the role of the midbrain?
It counterbalances the hindbrain.
It relays information between hindbrain and forebrain.
It has no purpose and can be removed if needed.
It is the most advanced part of the brain.
32
According to Willingham's learning theory, practice helps things become automatic. Why is this important?
So we have enough space in our 'working memory' to learn new things.
So we don't make any mistakes in the future.
So we don't need to practice them ever again.
So we can be the best at something.
33
Which of these phrases is synonymous with Daniel Willingham's learning theory?
Laughter is the best medicine.
You are what you think.
Nothing in life comes for free.
Factual knowledge precedes skill.
34
Piaget suggested children in the pre-operational stage (18m-7yr) might play 'Mums and Dads'. What is this an example of?
Nostalgic play.
Admiration play.
Representational play.
Reflective play.
35
Which of these is NOT a strategy to support physical development, according to Willingham's learning theory?
Practising precise movements. Eg, 'frog legs' outside the swimming pool.
Tasks that improve fine motor skills. Eg, using scissors and tweezers.
Watching YouTube videos on how to ride a bike or play football.
Tasks that improve gross motor. Eg, balancing on a beam.
36
Children in the formal operational stage (12+ years) have a tendency to philosophise. Select an example of this.
If God loves every person, why do so many people suffer?
I hope my Mum will make me spaghetti for dinner tonight.
I prefer to play video games on my own rather than with other people.
I'm excited that my favourite show is on television tonight.
37
What is meant by the term 'schema'?
A simplified mental representation or framework.
A plan to do something suddenly.
The ability to process mathematical equations and complex language.
A choice we make based on our understanding.
38
Children in the concrete operational stage (7-12y) learn to solve logical problems best through...
Manipulating and experimenting with real objects.
Considering philosophical questions.
Complex word questions because their language has developed.
Listening to parents and teachers.
39
Which of these is an accurate definition of the formal operational stage of development (12+ years)?
A child begins to obey authority figures and dress smartly.
A child becomes capable of logical, analytical and hypothetical thinking.
A child becomes selfless, charitable and understanding.
A child becomes interested in sports, music and drama.
40
According to Dweck's mindset theory, a child with a fixed mindset is more likely to think that...
Feedback is positive because it helps us to improve on things.
Their abilities are fixed and cannot be improved with effort.
Their efforts will lead to better understanding of a subject or task.
Tough challenges are exciting opportunities for growth and development.
41
Daniel Willingham's learning theory emphasises the importance of what?
Input and encoding.
Work and play.
Practice and effort.
Attention and concentration.
