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AP Psych Final Review Semester 1 Fall 2024 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Final Review Semester 1 Fall 2024
AP Psych Final Review Semester 1 Fall 2024
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1
Standard deviation is a measure of:
the spread
the outliers
bad behaviour
the centre
2
Food tastes better when it smells good. This best describes
Sensory processing
Sensory adaptation
Sensory interaction
Sensory overload
3
In a psychological experiment, the independent variable is the variable that:
Represents participants' individual differences
Remains constant throughout the study
Is manipulated by the researcher
Measures the effects of the dependent variable
4
All of the following are APA ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:
Debriefing
Informed Consent
No deception
Voluntary participation
5
Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state?
The concentration of sodium ions are equal inside and out
Inside is positive compared to the outside
Inside is negative compared to the outside
the neuron is not polarized
6
Genie’s condition was unique. Which method was used to understand her condition?
Survey
Case study
Correlation
Experimentation
7
Neurons located in the muscles and glands are __. Neurons located in the brain and spinal cord are __.
sensory neurons; motor neurons
Interneurons; motor neurons
Motor neurons; interneurons
Astrocytes; interneurons
8
Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues used the visual cliff to measure an infant’s ability to perceive
Depth
Patterns
Animal sounds
Shape constancy
9
After eating bad sushi, Carly will not eat it. Others can eat it around her, but she will not. What explains this?
Biological predisopositions
Latent learning
Negative punishment
Insight learning
10
What Piaget stage lacks conservation?
pre operational
neonatal stage
formal operational
concrete operational
11
Piaget's "Conservation"
when child puts everything in their mouth
mass and number stay the same even when the form changes
Piaget's belief that kids don't like to waste material.
Piaget's observation that parents hold back child learning.
12
Anthony can hear the trumpet over the other instruments in the band. Which Gestalt principal explains this?
Figure and ground
Closure
Continuity
Proximity
13
The theory that states we must learn a skill by a certain age or it will not develop is called
Critical period
Biological predispositions
Assimilation
Conservation
14
Sensorineural deafness...
Impaired hearing due to earwax or ruptured ear drum
Usually associated with damage to the outer or middle ear
Due to damage to the hair cells in the cochlea or cochlear nerve
Ringing in the ears
15
In studying the behavior of 5 year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in
cooperative behavior
number of toys
problem solving strategies
prococial play activities
16
Negative afterimages are explained by
Dichromatic color perception
Trichromatic theory
Lack of adaptation
Opponent processing theory
17
What do taste buds contain?
spicy flavors
soft palate
receptor organs
cheeks
18
Damage to the basilar membrane is likely to result in
Mixed hearing loss
Loss of balance
Conduction hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss
19
Which of the following studies demonstrates a cross-sectional research design?
Observing first graders as they interact with either 3rd or 5th graders
Testing 1st, 3rd, and 5th graders at the beginning of the school year
Testing the 1st graders, and testing them again when they are in 3rd grade
Testing first graders at the end of the school year
20
What is the function of an antagonist?
Covering on a neuron to speed impulse
Blocks neurotransmitter's effect
Opens receptor sites
Mimics or enhances neurotransmitter's effect
21
In Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment, infants who were classified as securely attached were more likely to
not notice when the mother returned to the room
express happiness when the mother returned to the room
have a tantrum when the mother left the room
prevent the mother from leaving the room
22
What results from damage to the middle ear?
Loss of balance
Mixed hearing loss
Conduction hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss
23
Correlation does not imply…
Relationship
Slope
Causation
Effect
24
Reinforcement
increases frequency of behavior
relies on automatic responses
decreases frequency of behavior
increases and decreases frequency of behavior
25
One day, you were on your phone more than paying attention and get all those questions wrong on the test. This is due to
retrieval failure
retroactive interference
encoding failure
proactive inteference
26
What is fluid intelligence?
One general ability
Your use of accumulated knowledge
Your ability to solve abstract problems
Knowledge of fluid objects
27
Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride?
Middle ear
Cochlea
Auditory canal
Semicircular canals
28
What is a dependent variable in psychological research?
The factor being manipulated by the researcher
A variable that remains constant throughout the study
The factor being measured as the outcome
A variable that influences the results but is not of primary interest
29
Taking a painkiller to relieve a toothache is behavior learned through which of the following processes?
Negative reinforcement
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
Positive reinforcement
30
General Intelligence:
underlies mental abilities & is measured by tasks in intelligence tests
exceptional skill such as computation or drawing
the ability to learn from experience, and solve problems
the ability to perceive. understand and manage to use emotions
31
In classical conditioning, stimulus generalization occurs when an organism responds
with different types of responses to the NS
to stimuli similar to the UCS
to stimuli similar to the CS
with different types of responses to the UCS
32
What kind of correlation is this?
Weak negative correlation
Strong negative correlation
Strong positive correlation
Weak positive correlation
33
Which of the following research methods is used to measure brain waves while we sleep?
EEG
MRI
CT
PET
34
Someone with a severed corpus callosum that sees a ball in their LEFT visual field cannot:
Make a throwing motion with their left hand
Spell out “BALL” with letter magnets with their left hand
Correctly say they saw a ball
Choose a ball from among several objects with their left hand
35
Which of the following questions would make someone most susceptible to the misinformation effect?
How fast were the cars going when the accident occurred?
How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?
What can you tell me about what you saw?
Were there other people around who witnessed the accident?
36
Construct Validity refers to an experiment
Covering all parts of a topic
Measuring what it says it is supposed to
Obtaining the same score if it is run again
Being used to determine outcomes
37
Dichromatism is a type of color blindness where:
A person sees only in shades of gray
All colors are perceived equally and normally
The retina does not detect light at all
One type of cone is missing or not functioning
38
What cells in the brain can be compared to the structural support and insulation of a home?
Neurotransmitters
Glial
Soma
Schwann
39
You laugh more at a video after someone has told you it is funny, even if you did not think it was. This demonstrates
Bottom-up processing
Context-dependent memory
Intattentional blindness
Perceptual set
40
You decide to ask a woman for directions because you think she will be kind. What method of problem solving is used
Availability heuristic
Divergent thinking
Representativeness heuristic
Algorithm
41
Achievement tests are designed to
compare person's personality with highly successful persons
assess ability to produce novel & valuable ideas
assess learned knowledge or skills
measure desire/potential capacity to meet challenges
42
A set of procedures that explain how a variable is measured is
An Operational definition
Informed consent
An independent variable
A case study
43
According to Piaget, accommodation refers to:
interpreting of new information in terms of existing knowledge
the parental efforts made to include new children
developmental changes in a child's behavior to be accepted
adjusting current schemas to make sense of new experiences
44
Debate over whether development occurs gradually, without discernible shifts, or through a series of distinct stages is
maturation vs. learning
nature vs. nurture
cross-sectional vs. longitudinal
continuity vs. discontinuity
45
Predictive Validity is
Obtaining the same score if the experiment is run again
Covering all parts of a topic being tested
Measuring what it says it is supposed to
The ability to determine future outcomes from the data
46
If sodium gates are open and positive ions are flowing into the cell, the membrane is ___ and the cell is ___
Depolarizing; at rest
Polarized; firing an action potential
Polarized; in a refractory period
Depolarizing; firing an action potential
47
Which of the following best illustrates the forgetting curve?
Forgetting much of a language, but remembering some years later
Massed vs. distributed practice
Assimilating to a new culture and forgetting old customs
Forgetting who told you a story
48
The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in
digesting food
reading a textbook
experiencing taste
sensing colorful stimuli
49
An experiment that yields consistent results is considered
Standardized
Valid
Confounding
Reliable
50
Which is a term for a variable that researchers do not control and that can affect the results of a study
Control variable
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Confounding variable
51
Nightmares are to ________ as sleepwalking is to ________.
REM; NREM-3
NREM-2; NREM-3
REM; NREM-1
NREM-3; REM
52
Rods and cones...
... expand and contract to allow light to enter the eye
... are light sensitive cells in the retina.
... are found in the olfactory nerve.
... turn sound waves into electrical signals.
53
Operational definitions are important for
Replication
Validity
Establishing causation
Establishing correlation
54
Spatial orientation appears to be a function of the brain’s ________, while speech production is located in ________.
Right hemisphere; left hemisphere
Visual lobe; frontal lobe
Left hemisphere; right hemisphere
Temporal lobe; parietal lobe
55
This scatter plot has a correlation coefficient of:
+1
+0.5
-1
-0.5
56
A child who wears a patch to protect a cornea scratch will not be able to use which depth cue?
Linear perspective
Interposition
Texture gradient
Retinal disparity
57
Why do experiments include a control?
Everything has to be controlled.
It is the dependent variable.
It is needed as a comparison.
Experiments cannot be conducted outside.
58
Fixed ratio example?
Paychecks
Pop quizzes
Slot machines
Punch cards
59
The earliest stage Erikson presents us with in early infancy is
initiative vs. guilt
trust vs mistrust
ego integrity vs despair
autonomy vs shame and doubt
60
Aptitude Test
measures ability to acquire a set of skills
measures acquired learning
accuracy
determines placement for future classes
61
Anterograde Amnesia is...?
Inability to recall old memories after amnesia occurs.
Inability to retrieve encoded information.
Damage to Frontal Lobe
Inability to create new memories after amnesia occurred.
62
Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires the neurotransmitter known as
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Glutamate
Dopamine
63
Hypothetical and deductive thinking are characteristic of which of Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development?
Concrete Operational
Formal operational
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
64
People listening to rock music played backward often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for is
perceptual adaptation
perceptual constancy
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
