PSYC 1310 MIDTERM 2

The causal chain for concept formation runs one way, but once built, activity from one network can influence another.

Elle hears "cat..." The cohort theory of spoken word recognition suggests which cohort of words will be restricted?

According to the "Interactive View" (visual context matters), which condition would we likely look to the empty napkin?

Language w/ the same alphabet place different demands on learning to read. English has _ exceptions and a _ orthography.

"There" and "Their" are examples of...

In "manner languages," the most common verbs for describing motion events describe the...

The model only knows the previous word, hence why you need to give it a memory that remembers the context!

Semitic languages use ___ to convey grammatical information, while omitting them from their words.

What are the two characteristics people use to pick a frame when they can solve a spatial problem many ways?

Which of the following is a garden path sentence, or one with a temporary syntactic ambiguity?

The fact that less common words and words with two meanings are fixated on longer is evidence that...

The ___ is where photo receptors are. The ___ are really good with responding to light patterns.

When it comes to syntactic ambiguity resolution, if you were to give ChatGPT the following image, it would likely...

However, now Dev has a new problem—semantic extensions. Which word would he also probably call "Cat?"

Most languages prefer to describe space allocentrically, or in terms of north/south (uphill/downhill)

If shown this image and asked, "Put the beaker above the square," which of the following objects might you look at more?

How would a speaker of a path language (e.g. Greek, Spanish) likely describe the following image?

People who are good with what tend to be good with switching languages?

Morphographic/Logographic systems never contain any sound information... ex. Japanese "water" vs. "sheep"

Which word is most likely to be recognized, even when it's difficult to hear? (Luce, 1986)

When students were trained on speech categorization AND block letters, they performed better on reading tests.

___: for skilled readers, reading will mentally activate phonology at the most detailed level required by their system.

Humans predict language in real time (ex. the noun will verb the noun)

Code-switching requires language inhibition, hence why code-blending is preferred by bimodal bilingual speakers.

Dev is reading his "first" written word. He sees a pic of a boy w/ a dog labeled "Dog" then "Cat" He'll likely read out:

This in mind, Dev needs ___ awareness to read an alphabetic system.

VWF is visual and located in the same location in everyone.

Bimodal bilinguals have more language inhibition, suppressing ASL better than unimodal speakers do with their language.

In this example, if the model is trained on the below phrases, what output will "The man will" likely produce?

TRACE theory, an alternative to COHORT theory, suggests which of the following also compete for activation?

The Rebus Principle refers to using of existing symbols, like pictograms, to represent new words—regardless of meaning.

Which "orthography": characters represent phonemes, and mappings to speech can be transparent or non-transparent.

Where is the Visual Word Form (VWF) area located? (hint: this is where Monsieur C had brain damage)

Select the incorrect match-up between the written symbol type and the language level it correlates to.

What are parsing preferences actually driven by? (Ex. "Put the frog that's on the napkin into the box")

The fact that brain activity ends in the same brain region no matter where words appear on screen is evidence that...

Alexia is the inability to write text. Agraphia is the inability to read it.

In this 2-referent condition without any images, ChatGPT will likely not modify "the book."

What is predicted by the Activation Model of spoken word recognition?

If my target word in a sentence is beach, which word would lead to the least amount of fixation time?

Which of the following does not really change attentional spotlight in reading?

Which "orthography": characters convey meaning and sound (ex. Chinese).

Select the correct match-up of linguistic output/input channels for bimodal bilinguals

Josh hears the sentence, "She decided to buy the watch." Which is he likely to identify is a real word fastest?

The fact that listeners look at the ___ a bit when asked to move the beaker is evidence of TRACE theory.

Which color-brain part pairing is incorrect?

When it comes to syntactic ambiguity resolution, if you were to give ChatGPT the following image, it would likely...

Which kinds of words are harder for split brain patients (i.e. damaged corpus callosum) to read?

The modular view suggests that, upon hearing "on the napkin," we'll look to the napkin even if there are 2 frogs.

Which of the following is the middle stage of Frith's stages of reading?

Dev then learns not to rely only on context, but also the word itself. Now, he reads "Cat!" b/c he's focusing on...

At the start of motion, path speakers look first at the manner region. Manner speakers looked at the path endpoint.

Identify the correct progression of creating writing systems (hint: kids learning to read also go through this process!)

Identify which of the following is not used in the activation model of spoken word recognition.

Systems tend to be formed from ___ representations. For example, a child might say "cat" has ___ sounds.

What are large language models?

In the eye-tracking study, both path and manner speakers tended to look from path endpoint to manner.

Attentional spotlight is asymmetric in reading, about 4 characters to the left and 14 characters to the right.

Data supports the ___ model of bilingualism; the other language is never fully inhibited and there's subtle cross-talk.

Attention does not shift before eye movement—if your eyes are on a word, you're only aware of that word.

TRACE theory: rhymes are more active than initial cohort—more consistent w/ the input and had more time to be activated.

Identify the sparse phonological neighborhood. (the rest of the words belong to crowded phonological neighborhoods)

Words that belong to sparse neighborhoods are harder to identify than words belonging to crowded neighborhoods.

__: this idea of a reversed causal chain—i.e., that language radically alters how we conceive of and perceive the world.

What do sentence and word comprehension not have in common?

Producing a word and sign at the same time, as bimodal bilinguals can do, is:

Which word pair would the right "homologue" of the VWF not develop a faster response time to?

A _______ learns to hold in memory from past words that are helpful for predicting later words and language dependencies

The better you are at picking out phonemes early on, the worse a reader you turn out to be.

We can perform allocentrically or egocentrically, depending on the context (i.e. if there are notable landmarks!)

Which of the following is easier for children to learn (again—think bottom-up!)

Ali speaks Russian and English. She's primed with Russian, then does an eye-tracking study. Where might her eyes go?

It is harder to switch from your L2 to your L1 than it is to switch from your L1 to your L2.

Children first try ___ mapping, then map to ___ rather than meaning.

Which of the following isn't a likely cause of dyslexia (recall: best treatment is extra phonics training)

Which of the following is not one of the multiple probabilistic cues used for the lexical resolution process?

Whether it's spelled CAT, TCA, or flipped upside down, Dev would probably read out "Cat!"

Which of the following can you not do with alexia?

Identify which of the following is an allocentric (object-to-object) spatial term