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AP Psychology Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Exam Review
AP Psychology Exam Review
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AP Psychology Review
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1
Which sentence most accurately describes sensory memory?
Decides which memories to encode in long-term memory.
Perfectly stores all sensory input for a limited time.
Encodes only sensations we are currently attending to.
Records all incoming sensations, remembering them forever.
2
Which coefficients of correlation indicates the weakest relationship between two variables?
0.51
-0.28
-1.00
0.08
3
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is...
Securely attached, because parents will meet all needs.
Authoritarian, because children learn boundaries quickly.
Authoritative, because children have justifiable boundaries.
Permissive, because children need to explore.
4
A negative side-effect of ECT is...
Hallucinations
Memory loss
Hysteria
Tardive dyskinesia
5
The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called...?
Homeostasis
Primary satisfaction
Equilibrium
Self-actualization
6
In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was...?
The instructions given by the experimenter.
The highest level of shock supposedly administered.
The location of the learner.
The number of people in the group.
7
Juan hears voices that tell him to kill people. Juan is experiencing...
Compulsions
Obsessions
Hallucinations
Delusions
8
Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?
Insomnia and Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea and Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea and Insomnia
Night terrors and Sleep Apnea
9
Which aspects of hunger are controlled by the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus?
The desire to eat and the feeling of fullness.
Contraction and expansion of the stomach.
The binge and purge cycle in bulimics.
Body temperature and desire to eat.
10
Which of the following psychologists might have described himself as a humanist?
Abraham Maslow
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
John Watson
11
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
Sensation is in the senses while perception is in the brain.
Sensation detects stimuli, perception interprets stimuli.
Sensation is mechanical, while perception is cognitive.
Perception is an advanced form of sensation.
12
Compared to divergent thinkers, convergent thinkers are more likely to:
Think "outside the box" when problem solving
Choose to use an algorithm rather than a heuristic
Generate numerous solutions when problem solving
Use representative heuristics to problem solve
13
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?
Visual cortex in the temporal lobe.
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe.
Visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
14
Some researchers consider developmental psychology an applied research topic because...
Researchers apply findings from other areas of psychology.
Pure research is difficult to gain support for.
It is more easily applied to people's lives than research.
Original research in this area is difficult.
15
Which process involves counterconditioning?
Systematic desensitization
Transference
Somatic therapy
ECT
16
Reason when you don't hear someone, yet can automatically repeat it once you ask what was said
Sensory Memory
Semantic Memory
Iconic Memory
Echoic Memory
17
Weber's Law can be defined as:
Smallest change that can be detected 50% of the time
There is an adjustment of sensation levels
All stimuli respond to same sensations through patterns
Just-Noticeable Difference is constant proportion
18
Which reinforcement schedule would most quickly teach a cat to jump through a hoop?
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Continuous
Fixed Ratio
19
After repeating a phone number many times, Lisa forgets after hanging up. What memory process?
Short-term Memory
Sensory Memory
Echoic Memory
Iconic Memory
20
A split brain person looks at a dot between "HE" and "ART". What will the patient do?
Say they see the word "HE"
Say they see the word "ART"
Say the word "HEART"
Point to the word "ART"
21
In most people, which of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere?
Spatial reasoning
Abstract reasoning
Producing speech
Control of the left hand
22
Which statement about bulimia is true?
The main cause of bulimia is society's emphasis on thinness.
Bulimics lose in excess of 15 percent of their body weight.
Bulimics tend to be overly concerned with their body image.
All bulimics use vomiting to rid their bodies of calories.
23
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Endorphins
Acetylcholine
Adrenaline
Serotonin
24
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are primarily concerned in a search for...?
Affection
Identity
Autonomy
Career
25
Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have...
A high sense of self-efficacy.
A strong libido.
A belief in luck.
A positive self-concept.
26
Wilhelm Wundt used a research methodology called...?
Structuralism
Naturalistic observation
Introspection
Inferential
27
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory has been criticized for being...
Appropriate for only female patients.
Unscientific and unverifiable
Based on large groups, not individual cases.
Too applicable for research settings.
28
You tense up after hearing scary music during a horror film. In this case, the music is a(n)...
US
CS
CR
UR
29
All schizophrenics suffer from...
Depression
Compulsions
Hallucinations
Multiple personalities
30
The binocular cue for depth perception using muscles that turn the eyes to focus is called:
Shape Constancy
Interposition
Convergence
Retinal Disparity
31
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
Linguistic skills decline with age.
32
You find a slug on the shed only after it rains. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?
Variable Interval
Fixed Interval
Variable Ratio
Continuous
33
If you only had sight in one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?
Interposition
Linear perspective
Texture gradient
Convergence
34
Psychologists prefer the experimental method to other research methods because...
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
Experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
Experiments result in statistically significant findings.
It is easier to obtain a random sample.
35
Gate-Control Theory refers to...
Blocking sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.
How our minds use either bottom-up or top-down processing.
Which pain messages are perceived.
Which sensory impulses are transmitted first.
36
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
Elements of language.
Two types of influences language has on thought.
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
37
Agonists are psychoactive drugs that...
Enhance the effects of certain opiates like heroin.
Produce tolerance to the drug without withdrawal symptoms.
Mimic the same effects as certain neurotransmitters.
Mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites.
38
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
The need for a representative sample
Concerns over validity
Sampling error
Many confounding variables
39
Sandy scores a perfect 100 on a test everyone else fails. Graphically, the data would be...
A straight line
Normal
Negatively skewed
Positively skewed
40
Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Practical
Musical
Spatial
Linguistic
41
Generating alternate hypotheses to explain a phenomenon demonstrates which Piagetian stage?
Abstract reasoning
Syllogistic
Formal operations
Operational
42
Which of the following concepts is most integral to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
The unconscious mind
Gestalt Theory
Behaviorism
Structuralism
43
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is a(n)...?
Intelligence test
Standardized test
Aptitude test
Achievement test
44
After his accident Paul can't make new memories & must write everything down. This is known as:
Anterograde Amnesia
Retroactive Interference
Dissociative Amnesia
Retrograde Amnesia
45
Psychologists who draw from several different theoretical perspectives are known as...?
Mixed
Eclectic
Flexible
Open-minded
46
Symbolic dream analysis might be used by a psychologist from which perspective?
Psychoanalytic
Biopsychologist
Structuralist
Behaviorist
47
Who is credited with creating client-centered therapy?
Fritz Perls
Carl Rogers
Aaron Beck
Albert Ellis
48
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the...
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere.
49
A therapist who uses whatever perspective "works best" for the patient is described as...
Humanist
Functionalist
Eclectic
Social-cultural
50
The cochlea is responsible for...
Protecting the surface of the eye.
Transforming vibrations into neural signals.
Sending messages to the brain about the body's orientation.
Transmitting vibrations to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
51
One of your classmates remarks that "Ryan is all id." What does she likely mean?
Ryan is a highly-ethical person.
Ryan is a perfectionist.
Ryan frequently pursues immediate gratification.
Ryan uses a lot of defense mechanisms.
52
Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
Panic Disorder
Zoophobia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Conversion Disorder
53
Which of the following is the best analogy for how psychologists view consciousness?
The on/off switch on a computer.
The ignition switch on a car.
A dimmer switch for a light fixture.
A circuit breaker that controls power to a house.
54
Which of the following is
not
a monocular depth cue?
Interposition
Linear Perspective
Texture Gradient
Convergence
55
Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research?
Avoidant
Authoritarian
Secure
Authoritative
56
To establish behaviorism as a paradigm of psychology, John Watson relied on the work of...?
Wilhelm Wundt
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Ivan Pavlov
57
In English class, Ben can recall the author of
The Scarlet Letter,
his favorite book. This type of memory is:
Constructive
Procedural
Semantic
Episodic
58
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Denial
Sublimation
Regression
Rationalization
59
Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates?
Serotonin
Endorphins
GABA
Dopamine
60
"Brain plasticity" refers to...
New connections forming to take over for damaged sections.
Our adaptability to different problems.
The surface texture of the cerebral cortex.
The brain's ability to regrow damaged neurons.
61
Weber's Law determines...
Amplitude of sound waves
Absolute threshold
Just-noticeable difference
Level of subliminal messages
62
One of the principal differences between ethical guidelines for human and animal research is...
Conditions for humans must be monitored more closely.
Humans must be chosen much more carefully than animals.
Humans can be deceived for experimental purposes.
Animals can be placed at much greater risk than humans.
63
Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client's dreams?
Psychoanalytic
Behaviorist
Humanistic
Cognitive
64
Which part of the brain combines sounds into words & arranges words into meaningful sentences?
Wernicke's Area
Broca's Area
Medulla
Hypothalamus
65
Which of the following neurotransmitters allows you to have control over your learning?
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Thorazine
66
Depression is associated with low levels of...
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
67
According to the nativist theory, language is acquired...
Only if instruction is provided in the native language.
By parents reinforcing correct language use.
Best in the language and culture native to the family.
Using an inborn ability to learn language.
68
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Formal Operations
Pre-operational
Conventional
Sensorimotor
69
Which of the following is an example of random sampling?
Having a computer generate a random list of 100 students.
Approaching any 50 students during 6th-period lunch.
Flipping a coin to assign students to two different tests.
Picking out of a hat to assign subjects to a condition.
70
Perceived control over a stressful event results in...
More motivation to solve the stressful problem.
Less reported stress.
Increased arousal.
More frustration regarding the stressful event.
71
What is the median of the following distribution: 6, 2, 9, 4, 7, 3?
4.5
6
5
5.5
72
Maintenance Rehearsal involves:
Systematically recalling information
Processing iconic memories
Intentionally repeating information
Recalling words at the end of a list
73
Which of the following is most likely to reduce hostility between antagonistic groups?
Punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly.
Give groups a task that must be solved by working together.
Force the groups to spend a lot of time together.
Encourage them to avoid each other as much as possible.
74
Schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with...?
Lithium
Prozac
Valium
Haldol
75
All of the following people are known for their theories of intelligences, EXCEPT...?
Guilford
Gardner
Flynn
Thurstone
76
"The higher the room temperature, the lower student performance would be" is an example of:
Positive Correlation
Dependent Correlation
Negative Correlation
Zero Correlation
77
If a test is reliable, it means that...
It yields consistent results.
It is also valid.
It is given in the same way every time.
It tests what it is supposed to test.
78
The Hawthorne effect is best defined as:
Idea that people will alter behavior based on attention
Expectations by experimenter that influences the results
Idea that subjects will lie if the researcher tells them to
Change in results when it is "blind" vs. "double blind"
79
Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all of the following human traits, EXCEPT...?
Reading ability
Self-esteem
Motor development
Intelligence
80
Night Terrors and Somnambulism usually occur during which stage of sleep?
Stage 1
REM Sleep, but only later in the night.
REM Sleep
Stage 3
81
Which method of therapy is most eclectic?
Token economy
Psychoanalytic
Client-centered
Psychodynamic
82
The information-processing theory states that dreams...
Are by-products of how our brain processes trauma.
Are representations of the information we encode daily.
Occur only after stressful events.
Occur as the brain deals with daily events during REM sleep.
83
Schachter's theory states what about the relationship between emotion & physiological reaction?
A combination of reactions & interpretation causes emotions.
Emotions are caused simply by physiological reactions.
Physiological reactions are caused simply by emotions.
Physiological reactions and emotions occur simultaneously.
84
Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of...
Past conditioning
Biological processes
Unconscious behavioral impulses
Individual choice
85
Which brain scans should be used when studying connections between stimuli and brain processes?
MRI and CAT
CAT and EKG
EKG and CAT
PET and EEG
86
The principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
The number of participants involved.
The developmental stage of the participants.
The time span of the study.
87
Which of the following are reasons why intrinsic motivation might be better than extrinsic?
Intrinsic is higher on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Intrinsic is easier and more convenient to provide.
Intrinsic is more effective with a wider range of people.
Intrinsic might be more enduring.
