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FINAL EXAM
FINAL EXAM
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Chapters 11-15
Flashcards
48 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
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Answers
1
Which of the following is not a cue for speech segmentation?
word meaning
coarticulation
knowledge of word structure
context
2
Which of the following is NOT evidence of infants' early sensory perception?
babies recognize their mom's voice from their experience in the womb
babies prefer flavors consumed by their mother during or post pregnancy
babies prefer sounds with a pattern that matches the way they were bounced
babies rely primarily on pitch cues to learn rules of their native language
3
Which part of the ear helps with sound localization and catches sound stimuli?
eardrum
ossicles
pinnae
cochlea
4
Taste and smell come together to give us our perception of ____.
False
True
5
The discovery of audiovisual mirror neurons is used as support for ...
specificity coding
distributed coding
the motor theory of speech perception
the Jeffress Model
6
Which of the following is not part of the somatosensory system?
cutaneous senses
kinesthesis
proprioception
chemical senses
7
The point where perception of /da/ changes to /ta/ is called...
category contrast
variability
the phonetic boundary
the phonemic transition
8
The fact that naloxone descreases the pain-reducing effect of endorphins and placebos show that...
pain perception is multimodal
naloxone is linked to pain relief
pain perception is an active experience
endorphins are linked to pain relief
9
___, which contain cilia, send about 95% of sound information to the brain.
inner hair cells
outer hair cells
basilar membrane
oval window
10
Which of the following is an incorrect description of the architectural acoustic feature?
intimacy time: best is around 20ms
bass ratio: ratio of low to middle frequencies
spaciousness factor: fraction of sound received by listener that is direct
reverberation time: time it takes sound to decrease by 1/1000th
11
Which of the following was taken as evidence for distributed (population) coding in taste?
Erickson (1963): rat brains respond differently to same-taste chemicals
Erickson (1963): rat brains respond similarly to same-taste chemicals
Mueller (2005): adding PTC receptor causes rats to avoid PTC
Mueller (2005): removing Cyx receptor causes rats to no longer avoid Cyx
12
In somatosensory perception, touch information is sent from nerve fibers to this structure, which then sends it to S1.
thalamus
frontal lobe
homonculus
anterior cinculate cortex (ACC)
13
Which of the following does not demonstrate a top-down process in pain perception?
Placebo Effect
Gate Control Model
Emotions
Attention
14
You hear someone saying /ba-ba/ but their mouth appears to say /ga-ga/. What phoneme will you hear?
/fa-fa/
/ba-ba/
/ga-ga/
/da-da/
15
What property of the stimuli did Saffran et al. (1996) manipulate in order to test infants' language learning?
statistical regularity
pitch
fundamental frequency
transitional probabilities
16
In speech perception, the ventral stream is important for ___ and the dorsal stream is important for ___.
temporal information; pitch information
pitch information; temporal information
identifying sounds; locating sounds
locating sounds; discriminating sounds
17
Which of the following is false about formants?
formant transitions are associated with consonants
formant transitions occur gradually
the first formant has the lowest frequency
formants represent concentrations of energy at certain frequencies
18
Which statement best supports the physical-social pain hypothesis?
pain is primarily experienced individually and makes one antisocial
pain from negative social exposure is processed similarly to physical pain
placebo effects can cause pain to be experienced by a collective group
people show empathy toward others in pain
19
Which of the following describes the cone of confusion?
ITD is higher than ILD
ITD and ILD do not occur
ITD is lower than ILD
ITD and ILD are the same
20
___ aphasia = can't speak but can understand. ___ aphasia = can speak but can't understand.
Wernicke's; Broca's
Broca's; Wernicke's
Speech; Language
Language; Speech
21
When presented with a common odor like peach or gasoline, humans identify the odor approximately _____% of the time.
100%
50%
25%
75%
22
Which of the following statements about the gate control theory of pain is TRUE?
nociceptors send excitatory and inhibitory signals
transmission cell receives excitatory signal from nociceptor to open gate
central control fibers send bottom-up signals about knowledge & expectation
the mechanoreceptors open the gate
23
The skin is the ___ organ in the body
heaviest
most responsive
strongest
largest
24
What quality of sound differentiates 2 tones that have the same loudness, pitch, and duration but still sound different?
timbre
periodicity
tempo
sound source
25
In Hofmann's experiment, participants were not ever able to judge elevation when wearing the artificial pinnae mold .
True
False
26
In Haas et al. (2012), people saw 2 flashes while hearing 2 beeps, even though there was only 1 flash. This shows:
the effect of vision on auditory perception
bottom-up processing
the ventriloquism effect
that vision is more efficient than hearing
27
Which brain structure is damaged in Parkinson's patients and is also important for perception of musical beat?
basal ganglia
auditory cortex
hippocampus
thalamus
28
When studying language with EEG, researchers often look at the P600 response, which is related to:
violations of general expectations
phoneme recognition
word recognition
violations of syntax
29
Which of the following describes methods used by Békésy to establish the Place Theory of Hearing? Select all that apply.
Built model of cochlea using physical properties of the basilar membrane
Direct observation of the basilar membrane in cadavers
genetic cloning
Observation of basilar membrane response to different frequencies in cats
30
Brain tissues releases a neurotransmitter called ___, which reduces pain.
endorphins
naloxone
dopamine
opioids
31
Which of the following is FALSE about the olfactory mucosa?
where stage 1 of smell occurs
located above the olfactory bulb
sends signals to the olfactory buld
contains receptors for olfaction
32
When a limb is amputated & the person experiences pain "in the amputated limb", this is called...
missing
shadow
amputee
phantom
33
What is the correct human hearing range?
20 to 20,000 Hz
100 to 50,000 Hz
20 to 1,000 Hz
1,000 to 100,000 Hz
34
The tongue, lips, teeth, jaw, and soft palate are examples of...
articulators
vocalizers
mouth controllers
formants
35
True or False: Computer speech recognition is just as good as human speech recognition.
False
True
36
Which of the following is TRUE about the filiform papillae?
lead to transduction of taste signals
contain no taste buds
have more of these than any other type of papillae
on the back of the tongue
37
The voice onset time (VOT) for /da/ is 17 ms and for /ta/ is 91 msec. What VOT would result in perception of /ta/?
60 msec
all of the above
91 msec
80 msec
38
What fluid-filled snail-like structure is set into vibration by the movement of the stapes?
cilia
cochlea
ossicles
basilar membrane
39
A person tries to use only touch to identify an object by detecting contours with their fingers. This is an example of:
passive touch
object identification
exploratory analysis
haptic perception
40
What are the two binaural cues to auditory localization?
interaural level difference and interaural frequency difference
interaural time difference and interaural frequency difference
interaural pressure difference and interaural level difference
interaural time difference and interaural level difference
41
Complex tones consist of a number of pure tones known as ...
resonances
harmonics
fundamentals
pitches
42
What is the function of the middle ear muscles?
amplify sound
moves the ossicles
vibrate the eardrum
reduce transmission of low-frequency sounds
43
Frequency of sound is indicated by the place on the organ of Corti that has the highest firing rate. This supports...
gate theory of pain perception
the use of cochlear implants
Békésy’s place theory of hearing
audibility curves
44
Experience-dependent plasticity is important for what sensory systems? Select all that apply.
somatosensory
auditory
none of the above
visual
45
Phase locking occurs when auditory nerve fibers fire...
more because they are in-phase with each other
less because they are frozen in an earlier phase
in synchrony with the rising and falling pressure of the sound
anti-phase with the stimulus
46
Smallest details that can be detected on the skin is referred to as ...
two-point threshold
touch sensitivity
Pacinian acuity
tactile acuity
47
Humans have over 350 types of these:
taste receptors
olfactory receptors
cutaneous receptors
flavor receptors
48
What model explains sound localization by describing coincidence detectors?
Bekesky Model
Jeffress Model
Place Model of Hearing
Coincidence Model
