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Philosophy Review 2016
Hegel proposed that philosophy was
Psychological egoism states that
Philosophy Review 2016
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Szimanski's HZT 4UI rewiew
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1
Psychological egoism states that
Human actions aregoverned by self-interest
The ego and the idform the basis of all action and reaction
Humans react but donot act
Freud’s theories were dependent on ethical philosophy
2
Hegel proposed that philosophy was
no longer relevant
the thesis section of his three part theory
the synthesis of art and religion
the only way to come to value judgments concerning art
3
If you believe the good life isone devoted to pleasure, then you are a
Stoic
Moral relativist
Hedonist
Realist
4
The Golden Mean is the
Average of allpossible actions
Middle path betweentwo extremes
The geometricrelationship between the sides of a rectangle
Name of an ancientGreek school of philosophy
5
The word “eclectic” can be defined as
composed of elements from various styles
being part of the church
developing a style that has reference to things in the past
not using established styles
6
Jean-Paul Sartre argued that “being” must be thought of as
A self-defined ego
An event happening through time
A static, ego-centred entity
A bundle or series of events linked by self-knowledge
7
According toJean-Paul Sartre, life
And death are justtwo sides of the same coin
Is just an amusingperiod in time
Is absurd andmeaningless
Cannot be understoodso why bother
8
Your personal aesthetic involves your
principles of taste and appreciation of beauty
knowledge and appreciation of art
appreciation of music and books
work as a producer of art and your values of your work
9
Subjectivity can be defined as
an ever-shifting point of view on art
judgments based on emotions of the perceiver of the object
personal orientation toward a specific object
judgments based on specific qualities in an object
10
Art judged on how well it conforms to its form is being viewed throughthe theory of
expressionism
conformity
formation
post-modernism
11
Spinoza’s panentheismgave us a God that
Oversaw the creating and the day - day workings of our world
Is the totality of all
Made the universe but did not control it
Contained the universe
12
John Searle’s ChineseRoom experiment was designed to
Show that complex situations require complex solutions
Demonstrate the Turing Test effect
Disprove the Turing Test
Contradict the dualist theories
13
Ethics can be defined as the philosophical study of
How humans treat eachother specifically to being good or bad
The moral value ofhuman behaviour
Human behaviour andits faults and good points
Human morals
14
A “just” war is onethat is
Required becausesociety has demanded it
Morally correct whenit has met a strict set of criteria
A religious war
Needed when not goingto war will cause immediate harm
15
Metaphysics is thestudy of the
Spiritual part ofhumanity
Reality beyond ourmaterial world
Basic structures ofreality
Life beyond this“real” life
16
Nihilism can bedefined as
An inability to see goodness in the human condition
A school of philosophy that condemns the individual
An extreme form of skepticism
A disbelief in any god whatsoever
17
Advertising, it hasbeen argued, is morally wrong because it
Creates thedependency effect
Forces people to buythings whether they need them or not
Tells lies and cheatsthe public
Targets specificgroups of people
18
The original meaningof the term “metaphysics” meant
After the materialworld
The book afterphysics
The supernatural
Beyond the physical
19
In Taoist philosophy everything
That is seen is unreal and that which unseen is real
Belongs to the great oneness
Will finally end in decline
Follows a cycle of growth and decline
20
The “Turing Test” is designed to define
The difference between liars and honest people
An intelligent, thinking being
The line that separates humans from non-humans
Males and females
21
Plato and Aristotle
both argued that art is a necessity for culture to mature
disagreed on the purpose and nature of art
agreed that art must first and foremost imitate nature
both saw art as a tool for teaching non-artistic purposes
22
18. One essentialcomponent of most legal systems is the definitions of
Being
What it means to be a person
What it means to be an animal
The difference between people and animals
23
Mimesis is a theory of art that proposes that art
creates reality
is reality
creates an illusion of reality
represents nature
24
Virtues can be defined as
Moral choices inbehaviour
Personally identifiedmoral actions
Positive charactertraits
Socially acceptablemorals
25
Atheists believe thatGod
Does not exist
May exist but never makes His/Her presence felt or known
Is an actual thing but can never be known
Did exist at one time but no longer does
26
Socrates was accused of corrupting the youth of Athens by
Forcing them to follow his "philosophy of life"
Asking questions <br>in search of for "truth"
Keeping them away from their regular schools
Suggesting they break with rules that goverened city-state
27
The term “the Tao”can be defined as
The way
The underlyingprinciples governing the universe
The essentialelements of the universe
Being at one withyourself
28
Censorship is the
Act of destroyingsomeone else’s beliefs or work
Stoppingcertain books from published and therefore read
Position regarding what is correct to be displayedpublicly
Limiting the right of people to express themselves freely
29
René Descartes defined beauty as
those intellectual and physical objects that everyone likes
that which is pleasing to produce
anything that the artist says is beautiful
anything that pleases the viewer
30
Aesthetics is the study of
Philosophy
Justifications oflife as worthwhile
The meaning of beauty
Metaphysical ideas
31
The Socratic Method
Was a way to makepeople confess and be punished by poisoning
No longerconsidered worthy of study by modern philosophers
Was named afterSocrates because he died using it
Is a question andanswer philosophic process
32
At the heart of the Divinecommand Theory is the belief
In a supreme being
That at the end oftime, everything will be made right
In a moral systemthat is absolute
That humans who aregood will go to a heaven
33
In 1986, the philosopher Arthur Danto declared
art is dead
philosophy is dead
religion killed art
passion and art live in philosophy
34
Maslow was a
Philosopher in the field of human nature
Philosopher defined what differentiatedhumans from machines
Scientist understand human nature by working with animals
Psychologist whodeveloped a theory regarding needs of human
35
Kant and formalists if discussing non-representational art would
make similar judgments
agree that judgment of art is impossible
agree
disagree
36
Spinoza believed thatmind and thought were
Forms of reality and infinity
Mental substances and material substances
Found only in humans
Part of the same substance
37
For John Locke, personidentity’s major component is
Thinking intelligence
Mutual recognition
Continuing consciousness
Responsibility and accountability
38
A philosophicalargument is
Debate between peoplepresenting reasoned ideas to reachtruth
A debate in which oneside tries to prove they are right
A game played by people with too much time on their hands
An impractical way ofsolving problems in our modern world
39
Ethical egoism,because it tells people how they should act is a
Normative theory
Active theory
Personality theory
Subjective theory
40
Idealism, monism,materialism and realism are all
Pragmatic orientedphilosophies
Philosophical schoolsof thought
Nineteenth centuryideas
Outmoded ways ofthinking
41
The Allegory of theCave presents us with
A metaphor forunderstanding the search for truth
Two views of theancient world of Athens
A story of prisonersand one escapee
Looking atourselves as individuals and members of a society
42
Epistemology is the study of
Knowledge and beliefs
Reality
Wisdom and learning
Art and beauty
43
Deism can be definedas a belief in a
Creative God who set things in motion and then withdrew
Universal God that watches over all of our lives
Series of Gods that control the universe and our lives in it
God involved in the ongoing affairs of Its creation
44
According to yourtextbook, some ethicists argue that
Acts perceived as morally wrong by society are always wrong
The intent of an actdetermines its moral rightness
Intent can never be known so morals must be based on society
Knowing thedifference btwn right and wrong is more important
45
The basic tenet ofdualism is that
Science and religion can answer all questions
Materialism and anti-materialism are two sidesofthesame coin
Science can never define consciousness
There are always two sides to an event or argument
46
Ethical relativists believethat
Values ethicaltraits virtues and morals are meaningless idea
Morals are universal
Values are related tothe environment which they are formed
47
Sentience can bedefined as
Sensory perceptionbut not necessarily mental perception
Thinking beings
Sensory,mental, and emotional perception combined
Human life
48
Buddhism advocates
The eight nobletruths
The virtue of thetruth
A golden mean pathwayto truth
Four noble truths
49
Determinists believethat there are
Two courses of action for every cause
No actions of free will in the world
Only those actions you wish to make in the world
No causal effects in the world
50
All sentient beings
Have moral rights andresponsibilities
Understand theirrelationship to the environment
Are alive
Are part of thelarger moral community
51
Bentham and Millswere
Utilitarians
Both Americans
Hedonists
Both social moralrelativists
52
A major need fordefining “personhood” is the legislation surrounding
Murder
Manslaughter
Kidnapping
Abortion
53
Logical positivists argue that
Ethical statementsare actually emotive
Moral statements canbe true or false
People must makemoral choices all the time
Ethical statementsare meaningless
54
Ethics is the study of
Right and wrong
Knowing what you aredoing is going to hurt someone else
How to be good
Finding the rightpath for your life
55
Jean Paul Sartre stated that beauty and art are
central to understanding human nature
essential
imaginary
contrary to the meaning of human existence
56
Expressionist theory purports that artists
feel strongly about their work
communicate the belief viewer will understand their feelings
understand the feelings of the viewers of their work
communicate their feelings through their art
57
Artistic taste can be defined as
the ability to select good art from bad
knowing what you like
the ability to make discerning aesthetic judgments
a universal standard by which people judge aesthetically
58
Karl Marx andFriederich Nietzche were both
Capitalists
Alarmists
Communists
Atheists
59
Aesthetics is the philosophy of
the beauty of art and its effect on the viewer
art of beauty
meaning of beauty in art
the meaning, perception, and purpose of art
60
Ontology can bedefined as that branch of philosophy that deals with
Being
God’s existence
Knowledge
Human realization
61
The materialistsbelieve that
Nothing non-material can exist
Mental states are non-material
The mind is non-material but the brain is material
The mind and brain are both material and non-material
62
Morals are
The individual’schoices of good and bad behaviour
Society’s religiousbelief system of good and bad behaviour
The socially expectedbehaviour
The religiously basedbehaviour
63
The terms “normative” and “descriptive” are
opposite ways of describing art
different approaches to defining art
used only by critics to discuss art
philosophical terms used in defining aesthetics
64
Buddhists, Confucianists andTaoists are similar in their belief that the good life involves
Searching for thecorrect way to the Eightfold Path of Truth
Living alone incontemplation and peace
Moral relativism
Searching for innerpeace and harmony
65
Thomists, followers of ThomasAquinas, believe virtue is
Doing the right thingin obedience to the Catholic God
Being a Catholic
Doing good deeds
Honesty and religiousadherence
66
Kongfuzi is also known as
Mengzi
Buddha
Confucius
Xun-Zi
67
Theism is a strongbelief in
A personal God
The pantheon of gods bequeathed to us by the Greeks
A universal God worthy of worship
Monotheism
68
Philosophy can be defined as
Seeking answers.
Asking questions.
Not knowing the answers to the very basic questions of life.
Loving wisdom.
69
The philosopher PeterSinger believes
Every sentient beingmust defend its moral rights
Most sentient beingsneed to be cared for properly by humans
Sentience must bedivided in human and non-human life forms
All sentient beingsare morally equal
70
Genethics may bedescribed as
Understanding life inall its forms
Bioethics
The science of rightand wrong
Ethics of life
71
Catharsis as defined by Aristotle is the
avoiding emotional outbursts through theatricalproductions
evocation of emotions through tragedy
acceptance of emotions brought out by dramatic performance
purging of emotions through strong drama
72
Intellectual propertyis
Owned by thecommunity in which it was created
The product of acreative endeavour
Sentient beings trying to communicate with other beings
Art
73
The aesthetic triad includes the
object, the philosopher, and the viewer
artist, the object, and the viewer
object, belief in art, and the need for art by the viewer
artist, the patron, and the philosopher
74
Plato’s concept ofthe “form” of a thing was a statement of its
Position in the“cave”
Ability to survivechange
Essential qualities
Place in the universe
75
Kierkegaard reminded us thatlife
Is not worth livingin any direction, frontward or backward
Must be understoodbackward but lived forward
To be understood mustbe nearly over
Is not recognized ifone is a true existentialist
