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Duplicate of Environmental Science E o C Exam Review
Duplicate of Environmental Science E o C Exam Review
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Environmental Science New Mexico End of Course Exam Preparation Review Questions
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1
lichen on a rock in a barren ecosystem indicates
primary succession
climax community
pioneer species during primary succession
secondary succession
2
Which Science does NOT contribute to Environmental Science
chemistry
All these science choices contibute
biology
physics
3
Why is organic matter (humus) an important part of soil?
It is rich in nutrients, which is important for fertility
t converts nitrogen in the air into nitrates used by plants
It helps to improve water infiltration
It can break down organic pollutants
4
______ shows how energy decreases as it moves up trophic levels
pyramid of numbers
pyramid of biomass
pyramid of energy
5
The Hawaiian Islands are formed because of
subduction
diverging plates
converging plates
hot spots
6
Excess nitrates in water cause problems for the Chesapeake Bay because
of Algae blooms-> sunlight reduces O2 when the algae dies
excessive bacteria growth resulting in too much oxygen
of excessive cellular respiration in plants and animals
Nitrates are poisonous to fish, crabs, and oysters
7
The difference between basaltic and granitic magma is
the way it cools
amount of water vapor
amount of silica
8
Sulfurous gases emitted by volcanoes
help plants grow
can mix with water vapor and form acid rain
are good for the environment
are contained totally within lava flows
9
Climate represents
measure of variations in the amount of precipitation
long-term average weather and its statistical variation
weather averaged over a yea
10
Which does NOT make a direct contribution to the Carbon Cycle
denitrification
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
combustion
11
All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks toform EXCEPT ____.
heat
pressure
the presence of hot ,watery fluids
exposure to air
12
The oxygen for your body comes from
Cellular Respiration
The ground
eating plants and animals
photosynthesis in plants
13
Which is NOT a greenhouse gas?
methane
ozone
water vapor
carbon dioxide
14
Whichis a tectonic process that forces rocks up from beneath Earth’s surface?
deposition
melting
uplift
crystallization
15
Which type of seismic wave travels the fastest?
surface wave
L wave
S wave
P wave
16
The rock cycle indicates that each type of rock can ____.
be changed by forces at the earth's surface
All of these answers are correct
form other rocks
provides materials to make other rocks
17
Textures are fragments that make uprocks
True
False
18
A pyroclastic flow is
hot volcanic ash& debris - rushes down the side of a volcano
another form of precipitation
a type of lava flow
an opening in the side of a volcano
19
Plants get the carbon to make their molecules from
The waste of animals
The ground
The carbon dioxide in the air
The combination of oxygen and water
20
The difference in magnitude by a richter scale 4 earthquake and a richter scale 7 is
one thousand times greater
one hundred times greater
one thousand times less
ten times less
21
Islands like Iceland are often formed due to
cooling lava flows
all answers are correct
plate movement
rifts in the Earth's surface
22
Deposition - tectonic process thatforces rocks onto Earth’s surface throughout the rock cycle.
True
False
23
minimum number of seismograph stations in order to locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
1
4
2
3
24
Igneous rocks form from ____ when it cools
none of these choices are a better than another choice
magma
lava
magma underground, lava cooling above ground
25
Steam rising from a water puddle on a hot summer day is an example of
transpiration
evaporation
run-off
condensation
26
An average available energy decreases by a factor of _____
one tenth 0.1
100
10
20
27
Sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by ____.
heat and pressure
compaction
weathering and erosion
cementation
28
Travels through rock, shakes ground in the direction they are moving, arrive first
S - Wave (secondary(
L-Wave
P - waves (Primary)
Surface Wave
29
shake the ground perpendicular, do not move through liquids
P-waves
S-waves
surface waves
L-waves
30
Most earthquakes occur along or near the edges of the ...
North American plate
earth's oceans and lakes
earth's lithospheric plates
Eurasian plate
31
El Niño
occurs when trade winds slacken
All of these answers are correct
occurs every 3-5 years and last for 9-12 months
bring heavy rains and destructive flooding to North America
32
Carbon is essential to life because
It’s the most common element.
It is produced in both photosynthesis and respiration.
It is the element which builds the organic molecules of life
There can’t be life without it.
33
Which does NOT is not an aspect of prodcuers
autotroph
prey
consumer
photosynthesis
34
The most visually striking evidence of global warming is:
highly varying temperature fluctuations in winter
the increased precipitation along the Gulf coast states
rapid melting of glacial ice on nearly every continent
35
Which term does NOT fit with a first level consumer?
herbvivore
predator
heterotroph
prey
36
What causes magma to rise to the surface?
A force pulls the magma upward.
Magma is more dense than rock.
Magma is less dense than rock.
The rock forces the magma upward.
37
Which is NOT evidence of evolution?
fossil record
birth defects caused by Zika virus
homologous structures
genetic drift
38
The major reason(s) for the collapse of the great Mayan civilization
deforestation
other land-use issues
all of these answers are correct
soil loss
39
The effect(s) of global warming is (are)
changes in Earth's biomes
all of these answers are correct
expansion of circulating cells on both sides of the equator
shifting of climatic zones from the equator tow
40
Dew or droplets of water on leaves on a dry summer day is likely a result of
run-off
condensation
precipitation
transpiration
41
Nitrogen is essential to life because
It is needed for making carbohydrates and lipids
It is the most common element
Nitrogen builds all molecules need for life
It is needed for building the proteins needed for cells.
42
A magnitude richter scale 7 generally causes mild damage e.g. store shelves toppling
True
False
43
A volcano is an opening in Earth that erupts
lava
all answers are correct
gases
ash
44
Studying a rock’s texture can help scientists determine whichtype of rock it is
True
False
45
After the great extinction around 70 million years ago conditions favored mammals because
warm blooded mammals adapt well to cooler conditions
mammals smaller adapt well to decreased atmospheric oxygen
both answers are correct
46
The ____ shows how one rock changes into another
formation of crystals
melting process
rock cycle
volcanism
47
Of the three types of volcanoes, which is the least explosive?
all volcanoes are explosive
shield volcanoes
cinder volcanoes
composite volcanoes
48
A decline in peppered moth population in industrial England was a result of ____
natural selection and genetic drift
natural selection
burning coal
genetics
49
Water flowing down mountainside into lake after precipitation is an example of
run-off
transpiration
evaporation
condensation
50
Sedimentary rocks are
loose materials become pressed or cemented together or
a type of foliated igneous rock
formed from magma
formed because of changes in temperature and pressure
51
Sedimentary rocks are
loose materials become pressed or cemented together or
formed from magma
formed because of changes in temperature and pressure
a type of foliated igneous rock
52
Biodiversity is best described as________
different species different ecosystems
variety of species, genetic variation, variety of ecosystems
genetic variation
variety of different species
53
The processes involved in the rock cycle include all of the followingEXCEPT
erosion
weathering
condensation
compaction
54
Fog over a lake would be an example of which part of the water cycle?
evaporation
condensation
run-off
precipitation
55
Type of seismic wave causes rock particles to move together and apart in the same direction
S wave
surface wave
L wave
P wave
56
What are batholiths?
magma bodies that cool slowly before they reach surface
magma bodies that cool quickly before they reach surface
hot magma flows that cool slowly before they reach surface
hot magma flows that cool quickly before they reach surface
57
What is the difference between a dike and a sill in how they are formed
Dikes across vertical cracks, sills across horizontal cracks
form in the same direction but they are created differently.
formed in same direction, but different in size
Dikes across vertical cracks, sills across horizontal cracks
58
Plot the difference in arrival times between_____to find earthquake distance from seismograph
P and L waves
S and L waves
P and S waves
59
Sedimentary rocks form from rock and mineral fragments,metamorphicrocks form from existing rock
False
True
60
genetic diversity as a result of crossing new genes to create new traits and/or new species
genetic drift
genetics
genetic variation
genetic diversity
61
Magma originates in which layer of Earth?
mantle
innercore
crust
core
62
The Pacific Ring of Fire is an earthquake zone that forms a ring around...
North American plate
the Pacific Ocean
North America
South America
63
An example of a carbon sink
combustion
carbon dioxide
fossil fuels
cellular respiration
64
Loss of sea ice by melting in the Arctic Ocean
may result in positive feedback and amplifies global warming
will result in sea-level rise
will result in cooler temperature in the Arctic
65
Which of the following decreases carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?
Decomposition by bacteria
Photosynthesis
Burning fossil fuels
Cellular Respiration
66
A volcanic neck is the remains of a(n)
intrusive igneous rock
magma flow
active volcano
eroded volcano
67
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are important because
essential for plants being able to carry out photosynthesis.
release excess nitrogen from the soil into the atmosphere.
they convert N2 into ammonium leading plant use nitrates
break up dead plants and animals in the soi
68
Data from a pyramid of numbers is more useful than energy pyramid- organism count can vary
True
False
69
Which of the following is not a part of the water cycle?
evaporation
groundwater
precipitation
condensation
70
Rain, snow, hail, and sleet are all examples of which stage of the water cycle?
precipitation
transpiration
run-off
condensation
71
A pyroclastic flow is__________.
a type of lava flow
hot volcanic ash, debris -rushes down the side of a volcano
another form of precipitation
an opening in the side of a volcano
72
A human cause of acid rain is_______
overuse of water
sewage run-off
cattle feedlots
sulfur dioxide (SO2 emissions from burning coal
73
Rocks are formed when magma or lava ____.
weathers
erodes
crystallizes
undergoes radioactive decay
74
Carbon sequestration is
moving of carbon from underground storing in Earth's surface
removal of carbon from the ocean and store it in the land
75
The place where slippage first occurs is called the earthquake's...
focus
intensity
magnitude
epicenter
76
Ozone in the upper atmosphere protects from skin cancer causing______
ultra-violet (UV) light
sulfur dioxide
gamma rays
infared light
77
A comparison of the trapping of heat by CO
2
and CH
4
is that (carbon dioxide & methane)
CO2 traps 21 times more heat in the atmosphere than does CH4
CH4 traps 21 times more heat in the atmosphere than does CO2
the same amount of heat is trapped by both CO2 and CH4
78
A rock is
always
either igneous or sedimentary
formed by heat and pressure
made of molten material
a mix-minerals,organic matter,volcanic glass,other material
79
What is a vent?
a small fissure on the side of a volcano
the remains of an eroded volcano
the opening in a volcano
he steep depression around a volcano's opening
80
High precipitation areas are where humid air mass __ and arid zones are found where dry air _
A)
rises; rises
rises; descends
descends; rises
descends; descends
81
What is a soil horizon?
An organism found within the soil
A factor influencing how soil is formed
A technique used to map soils
A layer of soil
82
Which type of scientist analyzes the composition of rocks?
physiologist
biologist
geologist
pyschologist
83
Volcanoes often are found in areas on Earth where
rivers are found
mountains are found
plates collide
plates fit together perfectly
84
Which is Not evidence of global warming
tomorrow's weather forecast
Increasing number of floods, hurricanes over time
greenhouse gases cause heat retention in atmosphere
the amount of water vapor retained in atmosphere increased
85
Surface rockscan change throughout many processes through the rock cycle EXCEPT _____.
compaction
deposition
melting
weathering
86
Plants get nitrogen from
Cellular Respiration
Breathing it in through their leaves from the atmosphere
Basic photosynthesis
Absorbing it through roots in the ground
87
A decrease of in stratospheric ozone ma
Empty choice
Empty choice
88
Which is NOT evidence of global warming
the flooding, thunderstorms and hurricanes have increased over )
Empty choice
89
The San Andreas Fault Zone has formed where the edge of the Pacific plate is slipping.
south along the North American plate
over the North American plate
north along the North American pl
under the North American plate
90
Approximately how many micro-organisms can be found in a teaspoonful of soil?
4 billion
1,000
50 million
500,000
91
High levels of silica causes magma to become
more fluid
thinner
thicker
less dense
92
In decomposition Bacteria and Fungi
produce the oxygen needed for photosynthesis
carry out photosynthesis
Bacteria put oxygen back into the atmosphere
use oxygen to break down organic nitrogen to nitrates
93
How does a 'sandy' soil feel like to touch?
Sticky
Gritty
94
Shield volcanoes are the result of
andesitic lava flows
an earthquake occurs
ava solidifies on Earth's surface
magma solidifies underground
95
Which is not a type of volcano
strato
fuego
cinder cone
shield
96
Cinder cone volcanic eruptions are
explosive and throw lava high into the air
gradual and pour tephra over the edges
gradual & pour lava over the edges, which collects in pools
slow and occur over long periods of time
97
The force that can change the size and shape of rocks is called...
elasticity
stress
friction
magnitude
98
Composite or Stratovolcanoes are found mostly where
Earth's plates pull apart
hot spots in the mantle occur
rifts in Earth's surface occur
Earth's plates join and one plate sinks beneath the other
99
Decreases in ozone layer protection may lead into an increase in cancer rates
True
False
100
Which of the following best describes aftershocks?
a series of small tremors occurring after a major earthquake
along a fault where slippage and fracturing first occur
giant ocean waves that originate at a fault zone
seismic waves that cannot travel through liquids
101
Magnitude
is a measure of the amount of energy released during an
earthquake
False
True
102
Which three layers form the soil profile?
Clay, silt and sand
Minerals, organic matter and living organisms
The topsoil, subsoil and parent material
ir. water and soil
