B2.1 Supplying the cell (RANDOMISE)

Question 1

From what reaction does the energy required for active transport come?

Accepted Answer

Respiration.

Question 2

Describe 2 specialisations of a muscle cell.

Accepted Answer

Many mitochondria to provide lots of energy for contraction, many ribosomes to synthesise proteins.

Question 3

What is “cell differentiation”?

Accepted Answer

The process of a stem cell dividing and becoming a specialised cell.

Question 4

In mature animals, what is cell differentiation used for?

Accepted Answer

Repair and replacement of old/damaged cells.

Question 5

Name three factors which affect the rate of diffusion.

Accepted Answer

Temperature, The difference in concentrations (concentration gradient), Surface area of the membrane.

Question 6

What occurs during cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasm and cell membranes divide.

Question 7

Define "diffusion".

Accepted Answer

The movmt of particles from high concentration to low, down contrn gradient

Question 8

Does a single-celled organism have a high or low surface area:volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

High.

Question 9

Define active transport.

Accepted Answer

The movement of substances from a low concentration to a high concentration

Question 10

Describe the function of stem cells in adult animals.

Accepted Answer

To be the source of cells used in growth and repair of the mature animal.

Question 11

Give two examples of where active transport is used in Biology. (1 plant, 1 animal)

Accepted Answer

Glucose absorption from the small intestine into the blood., Plant root hair cells absorbing mineral ions from the soil

Question 12

Mitosis is critical for….(2 answers)

Accepted Answer

replacement of damaged/dead cells, growth

Question 13

Define osmosis.

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of H2O from high to low concn thro’ partially permeable membrane

Question 14

Describe the function of stem cells in plant meristems.

Accepted Answer

allows plant to keep growing by specialising into any type of cell

Question 15

What is a stem cell?

Accepted Answer

undifferentiated cell able to give rise to many more cells of the same type

Question 16

To where do the chromosomes moves to during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

To opposite ends of the cell.

Question 17

If an animal cell loses a lot of water, what happens?

Accepted Answer

It crenates (shrivels) and cellular reactions are slowed or stopped.

Question 18

What is a potential use of stem cells in medicine?

Accepted Answer

To treat conditions where cells have been damaged e.g. diabetes, paralysis.

Question 19

Describe 2 specialisations of a root hair cell.

Accepted Answer

Elongated shape to increase surface area for ion absorption, many mitochondria to provide lots of energy for active transport.

Question 20

Describe the function of stem cells in embryos.

Accepted Answer

To grow into many cell types helping develop embryo into mature organism

Question 21

If an animal cell gains a lot of water, what happens?

Accepted Answer

It can lyse (burst) and die.

Question 22

Describe 2 specialisations of a nerve cell.

Accepted Answer

long axon, Many mitochondria to provide lots of energy for active transport

Question 23

If a plant cell gains a lot of water, what happens?

Accepted Answer

It becomes turgid (cell membrane pushes up against the cell wall).

Question 24

Describe 3 specialisation of a sperm cell.

Accepted Answer

many mitochondria to allow high energy release for movement, Mobile due to flagellum, digestive enzymes in head to break down egg membrane.

Question 25

If a plant cell loses a lot of water, what happens?

Accepted Answer

It becomes plasmolysed (cell membrane shrinks away from the cell wall).

Question 26

When do most animal cells differentiate?

Accepted Answer

At an early stage of development.

Question 27

Name three substances which move by diffusion within animal cells

Accepted Answer

carbon dioxide in gas exchange, Urea out of cells to be excreted from the body., oxygen in gas exchange

Question 28

What two things does active transport require that diffusion doesn't?

Accepted Answer

A transport protein (found in the cell membrane), Energy.

B2.1 Supplying the cell (RANDOMISE)

Questions 28

B2.1 Supplying the cell (RANDOMISE)

Questions 28