American Government Comprehensive Review

Many colonists began to wonder if England would eventually try to

The Attorney General is the head of the Department of

Which House of Congress is considered to be a "continuing body?"

Appellate courts may

There are 12 federal courts of appeals which handle appeals from the federal district courts.

The party with more members in the House of Representatives and the Senate is called the

The most popular way to propose amendments to the Constitution is

During the early years of American history, state legislators

Powers shared by the federal government and the state governments are called

The governor writes the state's budget and then sends it to the state legislature for approval.

Under the Articles of Confederation, most power would remain with the states.

The common belief in America throughout the early part of the 20th Century was that

Congress promotes the general welfare by making laws that help people live better.

A Supreme Court decision establishes the broadest and longest-lasting kind of legal precedent.

Appellate courts

The first person to sign the Constitution as part of the Philadelphia convention was

The proponents of having judges elected rather than appointed argue that

The President's right to keep some information secret from Congress and the courts is called

The President's Cabinet is made up of

The boundaries and powers of a municipality are set by the federal government.

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution gave women the right to vote?

The division of powers of the U.S. govt among three separate branches is called

Before a new Congress begins, members of each party meet to select congressional leaders.

Like federal courts, state courts act as a check on the other two branches of state government.

Today, most states reapportion seats in their legislatures every 100 years.

Which of the following is a positive aspect of fast-growing communities?

Many colleges and universities have been required to take affirmative action steps.

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution provided for the abolition of poll taxes?

All counties in all states are the same size.

Judicial review gives Congress final say over the validity of any law.

The Court's opinion in a case is known as the

Precedents

There are 100 representatives in the United States House of Representatives.

Election Day is the

Which document provided protections against tyranny which the colonists treasured?

All federal judges and Supreme Court justices are appointed by the

People who take a "states' rights" position make all of the following arguments except

Because no government has all the money it needs, officials must decide what services to offer.

Great Britain was the first modern democracy.

The Supreme Court has the final say over whether constitutional principles have been followed 

A civil service commission in each state sets rules for qualifications/hiring/firing employees.

After all Supreme Court opinions have been written and finalized,

No time limits are placed on debates in the House of Representatives.

Senators must agree on the starting time of debate on bills.

When federal and state governments give money to local governments, this money is called a

The Supreme Court decision which gave the Court the power of judicial review was

Caseworkers

States often sell bonds to build such things as schools and convention centers.

According to the New Jersey Plan, representation in both houses of Congress would be

Justices take all of the following factors into account when deciding a case except

In the case of a vacancy in the Senate, the state governor

Three-fourths of the states must approve an amendment to the Constitution.

Every court case involves two opposing sides called

The Supreme Court hears the cases that raise the most important constitutional questions.

Long speeches made by senators to delay Senate action are called

Both Congress and the President have the power to declare war.

Today, congressional districts contain about how many people?

Most programs giving public assistance are

A method of choosing judges that has been adopted in some states is the

By what year did all the necessary states ratify the Constitution?

Most representatives live in both the state and district they are elected to represent.

The goal of the council-manager plan is to run city government like a business.

The service that local governments spend the most money on is

Today, executive departments form the largest part of the executive branch.

Supreme Court decisions must be obeyed by

The way in which judges are selected is the same in all 50 states.

The lower house of state legislatures is usually called the

Every state must recognize and honor the official acts of other states.

Limits on the powers of Congress that mainly protect the rights of citizens are called

The Fifth Amendment protects accused persons from self-incrimination.

Another name for the "necessary and proper" clause in the Constitution is the

The Senate has more limits on the length of debate than does the House.

Powers that the states alone have are called

Our legal system is made up of the state court systems and the federal court system, both 

Powers neither given to the federal government nor denied to the states are called

People who represent interest groups are called

Another name for a request is a

Although they usually seek advice on foreign policy, Presidents must make the final decisions.

Colonial governors generally represented the interests of

U.S. senators must live in the state that they are elected to represent.

Which of the following is not a reserved power?

Laws passed by Congress during the 1960s which guarded against racial discrimination were

Who presides over impeachment trials?

The United States Supreme Court's decision in the Tinker case was that

The most basic and important laws of our nation are written into a document called the

Precedent is rarely a factor in a judge's decision in a case.

Who may bring impeachment charges against a public official?

In the early years of American history, the county seat was a place which

Administrative assistants

The Federalists believed that a strong central government would endanger peoples' liberties.

Each standing committee deals with a certain area, such as education or banking.

The Supreme Court ensures that the rights of all Americans are protected.

There are no time limits set on debates in the House of Representatives.

The Zenger Case was about freedom of

A proposed law is called a

Which of the following is a function of the Speaker of the House of Representatives?

Each two-year term of Congress is divided into two sessions, one for each year.

Both Congress and the President have the power to declare war.

Civil rights laws passed in the 1960s did much to make up for years of minority discrimination.

The governor has the power to call on the National Guard in the event of a riot or a disaster.

The Fifth Amendment protects citizens from double jeopardy.

Every time officials decide to handle a problem, they are making a policy.

A justice who does not agree the majority's decision may write a

Which is not a criterion to become the President of the United States?

The President checks the judicial branch by appointing Supreme Court and federal judges.

Cases which determine whether a person accused of breaking a law is guilty/not guilty are

Local govts have the power to make laws as long as those laws are not in conflict with

All members of the White House staff are appointed by the Pres. and confirmed by the Senate.

The lowest level of the federal court system is the

Common Sense helped convince people that it was common sense that the colonists

The system of federalism does which of the following?

The French writer who proposed the principle of separation of powers was

Joint committees are made up of members of both the House and the Senate.

Citizens usually have a greater voice in the making of state laws than they do federal laws.

The Speaker of the House has little influence over which bill pass or fail in the House.

The most popular way to ratify an amendment to the Constitution is by a

The NJ Plan called for a bicameral legislature in which all states would have an equal vote.

A tax on land and buildings is called a

If a state law conflicts with a federal law, the state law takes priority.

Which of the following are reserved powers?

Congress can impeach the Pres and other high officials for serious wrongdoing.

Federal circuit courts are only concerned with guilt or innocence.

Congress does not have the power to

Interest groups work to convince senators and representatives to

As leader of the armed forces, the President serves as

A judge must determine which party's argument is most in keeping with the law.

The most popular plan of city government today is the commission plan.

The Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review.

 The Vice-President of the United States serves as President of the

The compromise which called for slaves to be counted as 3/5 of a person for representation was

Congress can add states to the Union.

Which of the following is not true about the qualifications to be a state governor?

The President of the United States serves a term of six years.

A motion to end debate in the Senate is called a

The War Powers Act of 1973 was passed by Congress as a result of President(s)

Cases affecting ambassadors or other public ministers/consuls, or which the state is party, are

The Constitution lists no specific qualifications for the position of Supreme Court justice.

The English Bill of Rights

Municipalities that serve large populations are called

Who brings the charges against the Pres or other high officials in the impeachment process?

Which component of the Executive Office of the President prepares the budget?

An order for police to bring an accused person into court to assess evidence against him/her is

All delegates at the Constitutional Convention argued that a strong national govt was needed.

Seats in state legislatures are apportioned on the basis of equal representation.

The only state that has a unicameral legislature is

Citizens may have to house soldiers during peacetime if Congress passes laws requiring it.

The Anti-Federalists were opposed to adding a bill of rights to the Constitution.

The birth of the United States is officially marked by the

What fraction of the Senate is elected every two years?

The branch of the U.S. govt that is represented by the Supreme Court is the

The strongest Anti-Federalist voice in the campaign for a bill of rights was

Americans have a right to express their opinions, no matter how unpopular those opinions are.

The President does not have to tell Congress when he makes an executive agreement.

State constitutions in most states allow for judges to be impeached.

Changes in the Constitution are called

Which of the following is not a type of public utility?

People who favor a strong national government make all of the following arguments except

The President may issue a ___ to prevent a trial in cases involving federal crimes.

Plans of government for communities which must be approved by the state are called

Public meetings at which anyone can speal are called

A Supreme Court decision shows how the Constitution must be interpreted in a given situation.

Groups of people who work together for similar interests or goals are called

What role do senators play in an impeachment trial?

The leader of the House of Representatives is called the

Which executive department investigates and prosecutes violations of federal laws?

Discrimination against white male applicants for jobs is often referred to as

A written agreement to make and obey laws for the welfare of a group is called a

How many amendments are there to the Constitution?

If standing committees do not recommend to the entire House or Senate that they vote on a bill,

At the beginning of each year, the President gives a State of the Union Address to

The introduction to the Constitution is called the

A process for removing elected officials from office is called

The Constitution's framers feared that state legislatures would vote against the Constitution.

The use of long speeched by senators to prevent a vote on a bill is called a

The United States Constitution is "the supreme law of the land."

Congress can limit commerce in order to promote the general welfare.

Special federal courts were established by Congress for a specific purpose.

The colonists' definition of religious freedom meant that a person could belong to

Which amendment declares that rights not mentioned in the Constitution belong to the people?

The principle that gives the Supreme Court the right to declare a law unconstitutional is

The Constitution specificallt lists the powers of the states.

The leaders of standing committees have very little power.

To be a U.S. representative, a person must be a U.S. resident for at least 14 years.

The minority party in the Senate chooses the president pro tempore.

The First Continental Congress took place in 1774 in the city of

Which of the following are delegated powers?

Government corporations provide public services that private enterprises do not want to.

In the Senate, there is no rules committee.

When the President does not sign a bill, during which time Congress adjourns,

According to the United States Constitution, Congress is required to conduct a census every

The term that means "abuse of power" is

By refusing to confirm presidential appointees to the Supreme Court, the Senate can

The framers of the Constitution avoided making a decision on whether to abolish slavery to get

The governor is commander-in-chief of the state militia, or National Guard.

Police officers must read the Miranda Warning to people when arresting them.

When a plaintiff is found not guilty in a criminal case, the prosecution can appeal.

All 55 delegates to the Constitutional Convention signed the Constitution.

Counties are called "boroughs" in

Most state courts have 3 levels:  trial courts, appellate courts, and courts of final appeals.

State courts that hear both criminal and civil cases are called

The President delivers a State of the Union message to Congress each January.

The Supreme Court decision that made "separate but equal" facilities were unconstitutional was

Rules of the Constitutional Convention were aimed at keeping the proceedings secret.

Who could vote or hold public office in the American colonies?

The "majority rule" of Congress in regard to the slavery issue was a huge success.

Which document provided protections against tyranny which the colonists treasured?

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution established procedures for Presidential succession?

The president pro tempore usually acts as the Senate's presiding officer because

Officers chosen by each party in the H of R who guide bills through Congress are called

Which of the following is not a concurrent power?

In each of the original 13 colonies, citizens were not allowed to have a voice in their govt.

Which of the following was not a part of the Virginia Plan?

The highest level of the federal court system, which is the highest court in the land, is the

Federal judges and Supreme Court justices hold their offices for life as long as

Which executive department maintains the United States armed forces?

The President's main check on the Supreme Court is his power to appoint justices.

The Constitution is much more specific on the office of the President than on Congress.

Appellate courts hold a trial to determine the facts in a case.

The constitutional amendment stating that a President may hold office for only two terms is the

The framers of the Constitution made slavery seem acceptable to get the

The Supreme Court decision that set a "separate but equal" standard for blacks and whites was

The Supreme Court case that ruled that people must be read their rights upon being arrested was

The President has the power to declare war.

The Constitution's framers believed that a bill of rights had to be added to the Constitution.

Official representatives or foreign governments are called

The official church of England which was supported by tax dollars of all English citizens was

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution repealed prohibition of alcoholoc beverages?

Certificates that people buy from the government to finance large projects are called

Most legal cases begin in a lower court, often at the level of state government.

A legislator is open to the influence of citizens, interest groups, and even the President.

Most cases that are appealed reach the United States Supreme Court.

Most bills are started as ideas for solving problems.

Appeals from all of the special federal courts go directly to the United States Supreme Court.

When speaking for the entire nation, the President acts as

A major check which state legislatures have on the state's executive branch is

The Magna Carta was significant because it was the first time that the English monarch's power

Under the Constitution, power is divided

The relationship between the mayor and the council is like that of the President and Congress

An effort by judges to avoid overturning laws and not get involved in policymaking is called

The most important function of Congress is to

The law which created the district courts and the courts of appeals at the federal level was

The head of each executive department must be confirmed by the Senate.

Constituents expect senators and representatives to be their voice in Congress.

There are 95 federal district courts scattered throughout the United States.

The President's inner circle of trusted advisors and assistants is called the

States raise more than half of their revenue from taxes.

The "necessary and proper" clause of the Constitution is also known as the "elastic clause."

When the Senate is not in session and cannot confirm appointments, the President

Which executive department conducts research on sources of energy?

At the First Continental Congress, the members agreed to

Americans have a right to speak and write freely, and to say what they believe.

One of the major compromises at the Constitutional Convention was the two-house Congress.

Taxes on certain goods, such as alcoholic beverages and tobacco, are called

The Constitution states that, except in cases of impeachment, trials for crimes shall be

The Supreme Court declares actions that do not violate the constitution to be legal.

Which principle states that the government may not establish an official religion?

Which executive department helps provide housing for low-income citizens?

The process by which citizens can propose laws by gathering signatures on a petition is called

In Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Supreme Court ruled that

A unit of government that provides a single service is called a

Freedom of the press has no limits.

Each regulatory commission carries out rules for a certain business or economic activity.

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution provided for the direct election of U.S. senators?

Police officers and firefighters look after public safety in emergencies and non-emergencies.

The threat of a veto gives the governor a good deal of power over the legislature.

Which amendment guarantees the right to trial by jury in criminal cases?

In the Middle Atlantic states and in the Midwest, counties are often divided into

A federal circuit court is a group of district courts within a particular geographic area.

Who usually administers the oath of office to the President of the United States?

The oldest form of local government is the

The civil service system was created in 1883.

The constitutional initiative process is used in all 50 states.

Congress can override a President's veto of a bill with a

Congress has the power to collect taxes and borrow money.

Legalized gambling in the form of state lotteries is a source of revenue for many states.

In many legal cases, a jury decides the facts of the case.

The party who answers a complaint and defends against it is called a

Representatives elected to the Roman Republic were called

Dictators usually come to power when a government is weak.

The plan of city govt intended to create honest govt in the era of "political machines" is the

Dictators' actions are limited by laws and legislatures.

Protecting the rights of citizens is the sole responsibility of judges and laws.

Cases appealed from state supreme courts are heard by the Supreme Court if they involve a

Courts that hear appeals have

How many states must ratify a proposed amendment to the Constitution before it becomes law?

At New England town meetings, no officials are chosen because they are elected by voters.

Which of the following is not true about the role of the Vice-President in the Senate?

Select committees are not allowed to conduct investigations.

State executive agencies carry out the daily work of the executive branch.

The Second Continental Congress had the task of convincing Americans that

Most judges in the judicial branch of the federal government are appointed to their offices for

United States representatives serve

The Constitution tells what the government can and cannot do.

The English writer who argued that the purpose of government is to protect natural rights was

New England town meetings are the closest thing we have to direct democracy.

Safety rules which local governments must make sure that people follow are called

An untrue written statement that damages a person's reputation is called

A President can make a bill a law by signing it.

Members of the United States House of Representatives are elected to terms of

The Supreme Court case which set up the current system of apportionment was

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is a(n)

Which amendment declares powers not given to the natl govt belong to the states or the people?

Only criminal cases can be appealed to the United States Supreme Court.

The Missouri Compromise made all new lands "free" territories.

Courts may have to decide

Legislatures in every state except Virginia can impeach executive and judicial officers.

A President may issue a ___ to delay/reduce punishment for the commission of a federal crime.

Which of the following is not a criterion necessary to vote in the United States?

Members of Congress try to be present on the floor of the House or Senate chamber

Charges for driver's licenses and hunting and fishing permits are called

Chief Justice Warren Burger wrote the Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803).

The organization of the federal court system is very

The middle level of the federal court system which handles appeals from district courts is the

The govt doesn't have to pay people a fair market price for property it seizes for public use.

When writing the Bill of Rights in 1789, members of Congress refrred to

President Reagan's plan of government in the 1980s was known as

If the President dies or resigns, second in line for the Presidency is the

A President can make a bill a law by holding it for ten days while Congress is in session

Formal agreements made with other countries that need Senate approval are called

A judge seeks to solve individual problems, whereas a legislator seeks to solve broad problems.

The landmark Supreme Court decision that established the principle of judicial review was

The President never take actions without the consent of Congress.

If a President pockets a bill for 10 days during which Congress ends it session, the bill

Which two U.S. Presidents were impeached?

The executive branch is the second largest branch of the federal government today.

The President of the United States is elected to terms of

To be a U.S. senator, a person must be at least 35 years old.

The main job of the Executive Office of the President is to advise the President on

As head of the executive branch of the federal government, the President serves as

An organization of government departments, agencies, and offices is called a(n)

Under the civil service system, government workers are called civil servants.

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution dealt with lawsuits against the states?

Which of the following statements is not true about special districts?

The Senate must confirm all treaties and appointments made by the President.

How many United States Supreme Court justices are there today?

Most states have judicial action commissions to deal with judges who aren't doing their jobs.

Where did a majority of members of Congress vote to put the Bill of Rights?

The "power of the purse" is one of Congress's main checks on the judicial branch.

Joint committees are select committees formed to conduct investigations.

Some larger states have as many as four federal district courts.

By determining whether laws passed by Congess are constitutional, the Supreme Court is

Public assistance may be provided by

The President is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.

The President can get Congress to turn foreign and domestic policy into laws by

The head of the White House staff to whom other staff members report is the

Legislative assistants

Which of the following is not true about Supreme Court decisions?

In 1774, the First Continental Congress met in

Local governments often appoint a planning commission to get information about the community.

Standing committees only exist in the House of Representatives.

In what year was George Washington elected as the first President of the United States?

Taxes paid by lumber abd mining companies on the natural resources they take from the land are

Under the civil service system, government workers are hired on the basis of merit.

All nine Supreme Court justives must unanimously decide a case.

Which executive department manages national parks and other federal lands?

The constitution written by the people of a territory had to be approved by

Which of the following is not true about the structure and content of state constitutions?

The only U.S. state that has a unicameral legislature is

Local governments help us by

Members of Congress rely heavily on their personal staffs to help them do their jobs.

The Executive Office of the President is largely made up of people who help the President make

How many delegates signed the Constitution?

The students' parents in the Tinker case argued that the armbands were an expression of

Cases that first go to lower courts are called cases of

The President is elected to a term of how many years/

The principle of equal protection was originally intended to prevent states from denying

In some larger New England towns, citizens choose representatives to attend town meetings.

Members of the House and the Senate to study every bill and decide how to vote on each bill.

The Declaration of Independence lists the rights guarantted to stated and to citizens.

The main job of a judge is to apply the law to the conflict between the two parties.

The term that refers to the needs of all the people of a nation is

Some people believe that the federal government should stay ot of the states' business.

Tax bills must originate in the House of Representatives.

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution limited the President to two terms in office?

Most Presidents give their Vice-Presidents a very active role.

During the early years of American history, government jobs were awarded strictly on merit.

Which document argued that the U.S. had to unite under a strong central govt. to survive?

Persons accused of committing serious crimes must be indicted by a grand jury.

The delegates to the Constitutional Convention agreed that executive power should be given to

Dictators are often military leader who rely on the military and police to keep them in power.

Separation of powers among the 3 branches of govt prevents any one branch from abusing power.

Colonial citizens had complete control over their government.

To be a U.S. senator, a person must be a U.S. resident for at least 9 years.

Which executive department provides assistance to farmers?

The treasurer

An alliance of independent states is a

How many delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 actually signed the Constitution?

Constitutional initiative is a process in which citizens propose an amendment by

After a bill has been passed by a majority of both houses of Congress, it is

American cities have become smaller over the past decade.

The people who a congressman represents are called

The terms of Congress have been numbered in order since the first Congress met in 1789.

A cloture requires a 3/4 vote of the Senate.

Congress can pass a law over the President's veto by a 2/3 vote of each house of

Turn-of-the-century reformers who wanted to "return the government to the people" were called

The "majority rule" of Congress let settlers in each territory vote whether to allow slavery.

Which of the following was not a belief of the Anti-Federalists?

The President's main check on the Supreme Court is his power to

Municipalities that serve small populations are called

Why did many delegates fear Madison's Virginia Plan?

The supporters of the Constitution were known as

Congress does not have to approve any appointments to the executive branch made by the Pres.

Every American is free to follow the religion of their choice or no religion at all.

Early state constitutions gave governors a great deal of power.

In each of the original 13 colonies, citizens were not allowed to have a voice in their govt.

Zoning is a tool used by local governments to plan and control the growth of their communities.

In 1977, a small group of uniformed men in Skokie applied for a permit to

Many countries that were once monarchies have become democracies.

The most outspoken voice in the campaign for a bill of rights was

A document giving permission to establish a government is called a

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution put stipulations on raises for members of Congress?

The upper house of state legislatures is called the

The Federalists added a bill of rights to the Constitution to satisfy the Anti-Federalists.

The county clerk

Grants given for specific purposes and come with "strings attached" are called

If a majority of voters vote for a recall on a public official, the official must leave office.

The House of Representatives chooses a presiding officer called the

The division of power between the federal government and the states is called

In each of the original 13 colonies, citizens were not allowed to have a voice in their govt.

Local laws passed by county boards are called

Federalism is a system of government which

The U.S. Constitution offers more individual rights protections than any state constitution.

The powers of Congress to impeach and propose amendments to the Constitution are examples of

The principle that states that the govt must treat accused persons fairly is called

Where is the trial held in the impeachment process?

The main duty of the President of the United States is to

The job of a state legislator is much more involved and complex than it was 200 years ago.

State legislatures will never pass a law if they know citizens are preparing an initiative.

The last time Congress used its power to declare war was in

A system of committees is set up in both the House and the Senate to

Most legal disputes and violations of the law are decided in

Which two amendments reflect the belief of public participation in the criminal justice system?

Most state legislatures meet every

Civil cases are titled plaintiff v. defendant.

Local governments are in charge of providing all public education from K-12.

Which of the following is not true about the mayor-council plan of city government?

The most important duty of the President is to

Which is not a way that Congress may propose a constitutional amendment to the states?

Most counties are governed by county boards.

Who spread news from colony to colony about how England was violating the colonists' rights?

Who was chosen to be the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention of 1787?

The "Warren Court" (1953-1969) was known for

Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution is nicknamed the "Second Bill of Rights?"

When deciding how to vote on a bill, members of Congress must consider

Which executive department collects federal taxes through the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)?

The power to overturn any law which the Supreme Court decides is unconstitutional is called

Around 500 B.C., the Athenians created the world's first

The Federalists agreed to propose a bill of rights if the Constitution was ratified.

The United States Supreme Court may add, remove, or change words in the Constitution.

Since the newly independent states wanted to continue basing governments on written agreements,

Every Supreme Court case is accompanied by an opinion.

Peoples' right to ask a government representative to change a law is called

Communities look after public health by

Wealthy nobles or merchants who had been granted charters were called

How many states were required to ratify the Constitution in order for it to take effect?

The First Continental Congress took place in 1774 in the city of

Town meetings still take place in some small New England towns.

By overseeing the executive branch and making sure laws are enforced, the governor serves as

Utilities are best provided for at the federal level.

Circuit courts do not conduct a trial or examine evidence.

Supreme Court justices always completely put aside their personal beliefs and/or biases.

State courts that review cases appealed from state trial courts are called

The plan of govt of the U.S. is organized in the Constitution into seven parts called

Most people who work in the bureaucracy are hired to work for only one President.

The school board in the Tinker case maintained all of the following except

Congress has formed a total of 12 regulatory commissions.

The main check that the executive branch has on Congress is the power to

A group of people who manage the business of an organization are called

In persuading Americans to support the ratification of the Constitution, the Federalist Papers

The lieutenant governor

A government body that brings a criminal charge against a defendant is called the

The sheriff

Each state chooses its own electors to the Electoral College.

Members of Congress have free use of the postal system for congressional business, and this is

The secretary of state

Money given by one level of government to another is called

How many delegates attended the Constitutional Convention of 1787?

Which amendment guarantees the right to trial by jury in most civil cases?

A President may serve a maximum of how many years in office?

In each of the original 13 colonies, citizens were not allowed to have a voice in their govt.

State legislators must be