stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
AP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
160 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
20 plays
#appsychology
Flashcards
160 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
160
Answers
1
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
difference threshold
frequency theory
2
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
retinal disparity
linear perspective
convergence
3
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
4
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
5
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
cognitive
trait
humanistic
6
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
Babinski
Moro
rooting
7
the somatic nervous system is part of the
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
8
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
autism
9
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
10
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
11
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
12
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
social-cognitive study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
13
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
detecting absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
14
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
15
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
cones
optic nerve
cornea
16
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
17
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
continuous
primary
partial
18
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
size of the group
19
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
20
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
21
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
archetypes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
22
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
achievement
standardized
projective
triarchic
23
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
social facilitation
groupthink
deindividuation
24
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
fovea
blind spot
retina
25
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
theory Y
James-Lange
approach-avoidance
26
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
27
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
28
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
just world bias
29
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
social learning theory
latent learning
30
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
31
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
EQ test
achievement test
aptitude test
32
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
33
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
34
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
Gage's area
35
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
disinhibition
conformity
social facilitation
36
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
37
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
REBT
token economies
38
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed variable
fixed ratio
variable interval
39
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
40
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
41
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
42
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
43
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
44
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
framing effects
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
45
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
reaction formation
sublimation
projection
46
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
law of effect
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
47
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
48
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
49
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
50
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
51
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
52
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
53
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
54
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
pharmacological
structuralist
behavioral
55
The WISC is a...
none of these
personality test
Personality inventory
Intelligence test
56
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
57
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
58
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
59
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
60
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
adrenaline
acetylcholine
serotonin
61
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
masculine/feminine personality traits
62
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
say a sentence
63
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
64
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
65
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
dissociation
activation-synthesis
antagonists
66
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
overconfidence
self-serving bias
a theory
67
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
68
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
humanistic
biological
evolutionary
psychodynamic
69
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
need for achievement
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
70
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
trait
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
71
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
72
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
PET
MRI
rTMS
73
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
74
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
75
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
76
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
case study
correlation study
naturalistic observation
77
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
78
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic chiasm
feature detectors
optic nerve
79
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
80
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
morpheme
phoneme
grapheme
81
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
82
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
83
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
standard deviation
mean
range
84
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
85
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
group polarization
86
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
87
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
88
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
assimilation
attachment
motor development
89
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
dissociative
schizophrenic
anixety
90
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
counterbalancing
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
91
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
92
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
93
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
eat a meal
go for a run
94
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
95
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
discrimination
accommodation
habituation
96
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
97
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
cognitive
humanistic
evolutionary
98
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
standard deviation
99
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
100
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
101
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
102
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
103
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
modeling
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
104
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
105
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
106
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
terminal button
myelin
neurotransmiters
synaptic cleft
107
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
108
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
have been exposed to good, moral role models
be able to take another person's perspective
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
109
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : decrease
110
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
111
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
gestalt therapy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
112
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
113
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
114
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
personalities
daily activities
115
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
116
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
health psychology
positive psychology
psychometrics
117
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebellum
118
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
L-Dopa
lithium
119
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
120
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
biological
trait
humanistic
121
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
122
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
universal ethical principles
object permanence
conservation
123
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
124
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome
125
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
individualism
in-group bias
compliance strategies
126
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
127
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
128
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
latent learning
sublimation
modeling
129
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
130
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
131
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
serial position effect
132
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
fundamental
situational
external
133
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
extraversion
conscientiousness
openness
134
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
135
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
sight
touch
hearing
smell
136
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
scapegoating
137
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
standardization
aptitude measures
construct validity
138
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
balance
touch
hearing
139
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
behavioral
situational
social
140
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
oral stage
latency period
phallic stage
141
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
142
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
range
standard deviation
mean
143
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
difference threshold
absolute threshold
144
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
hypothalamus
amygdala
cerebellum
145
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
recall
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
146
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
147
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
148
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
variances
modes
normally distributed
149
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
delta waves
NREM
sleep spindles and k complexes
beta waves and delta waves
150
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
151
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
152
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
latent learning
observational learning
insight learning
153
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
pons
hypothalamus
cerebellum
154
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
155
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
mid 30s
early 20s
late 40s
156
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
probability
standard deviation
a mean that is the same as the median
correlation coeifficient
157
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
158
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
a mental set
159
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
family
environment
temperament
160
the limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
planning for the future