Mr Bruner 2nd semester Final Study Guide

Water is an end product in

mRNA : nucleus ::

The enzymes that unwind DNA are called

Which of the following represents a genotype of a pea plant that is heterozygous for tallness?

A repressor protein

Each of the following is a type of RNA except

RTTIA. Suppose that you are given a protein containing the following sequence of amino acids:

giardiasis : contaminated water ::

If oxygen is absent during the second stage of cellular respiration,

During cytokinesis in the female, what divides unequally?

In alternation of generations, a diploid spore-forming cell gives rise to four

Escherichia coli is an example of a bacterium that has short, thin, hairlike projections called

In a bacterium, cell division takes place when

If an individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same traitthe individual is said to be

Bacterial endospores

During alternation of generations, cells reproduce by

Mitosis is a process by which

A vaccine is

Alexander Fleming, a British bacteriologist, is credited with the discovery of

RTTIA. Which structure represents RNA?

The part of the molecule for which deoxyribonucleic acid is named is the

cell growth : G1 ::

A ribosome has

The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is

Malaria is caused by several species of

Chromatids are

 process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen is

The synthesis (S) phase is characterized by

Refer to the illustration above. The cell shown in diagram 5 is in

Low temperatures may cause photosynthesis to occur

A spindle fiber is a specialized form of

Protists are found almost everywhere there is

In order for translation to occur, mRNA must migrate to the

Hydras reproduce by 

Which of the following is the best explanation for the presence of both chloroplasts and mitoch

RTTIA. To which portion of the lac operon does the repressor bind?

In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to

The energy used in the Calvin cycle for the production of carbohydrate molecules comes from

Many thousands of proteins may have arisen from only a few thousand exons because

A 3:1 ratio of tall to short pea plants appearing in the F2 generation lends support to the law

When Chlamydomonas reproduces asexually, it divides by mitosis, producing

When glycolysis occurs,

Biologists now know that viruses

The discovery of chromosomes provided a like between the firs law of heredity that stemmed from

Bacterial cells such as E coli transfer pieces of genetic material in a process called

If a characteristic is sex-linked, it

As result of mitosis, each of the two new cells produced from the parent cell during cytokines

The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is

Separation of homologous occurs during

Amoebas capture food by

RTTIA. The child represented in box 1 in the punnett square would

Avery and his research team concluded that

Normal cells become cancer cells when

Process of producing offspring can be 

We know viruses are not alive because

In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by

A viral disease that causes painful swelling of a salivary gland is

The phenotype of an organism

At a proton pump of the thylakoid membrane,

The first three phases of the cell cycle are collectively known as

Mining companies harvest copper or uranium by using

The unknown genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype can be determined using

A site: tRNA::

What would be the blood type of a person who inherited an A allele from one parent and an O

Because of photosynthesis,

The cell cycle is monitored as each cell passes through

A diagram in which several generations of a family and the occurrence of a certain genetic char

A mutation caused by a piece of DNA breaking away from its chromosome and becoming attached

An important example of an electron acceptor that functions in glycolysis is

cells that are not dividing remain in the 

The dark reactions of photosynthesis

CO2 concentration : photosynthesis ::

African sleeping sickness is spread by

In eukaryotes, the cell cycle is controlled by

One difference between the cells in a human body and bacterial cells is bacterial cells have

The non-coding portions of DNA that are separated from the portions of DNA actually used during

In humans, gametes contain

Bacterial cells have

Binary fission

A change in a gene due to damage or being copied incorrectly is called

Light energy is converted to chemical energy through the process of

Which of the following correctly indicated the order in which these events occur

Griffith’s experiments showed that

Homozygous : heterozygous ::

transfer RNA

Step 1 of Mendel's garden pea experiment, allowing each variety of garden pea to self-pollinate

5 steps: the cell cycle ::

two Paramecia come together after meiosis to exchange parts of their genetic material is called

The chromosomes of bacteria

Which of the following is an example of gene technology?

Acetyl-CoA

The lac ooperon is shut off when

Heterotrophs get energy...

When cells break down food molecules, energy is

To create new haploid cells during the haploid life cycle, the zygote undergoes

Zoospores are

Which of the following is not a type of sexual life cycle?

Which of the following describes hemophilia?

Which of the following enables plants to convert light energy to chemical energy?

A bacterial disease carried from rodents to humans by fleas is

viruses : host cells::

The "father" of genetics was

Refer to the illustration above. During which stage do the centromeres divide?

A membranous envelope surrounding some viruses may be composed of

Types of asexual reproduction include

Which of the following are human diseases caused by protists?

When an individual diatom gets too small because of repeated division, it

Cholera is usually transmitted by

A student can study a karyotype to learn about the

The study of viruses is a part of biology because

A trait that occurs in 450 individuals out of a total of 1,800 individuals occurs with a probab

22  Cellular respiration takes place in the two stages of:

Genetic counseling is a process that

Mendel's law of segregation states that

Purines and pyrimidines are

Both sickle-cell anemia and hemophilia

Bacteria can be classified according to their

RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that its sugars have an additional oxygen atom

The cycle of viral infection, replication, and cell destruction is called the

Antibiotics

The haploid, gamete-producing phase in the life cycle of some protists is known as the

codon : mRNA ::

Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration?

An animal virus enters its host cell by

During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for

During transcription

When a phosphate group is removed from an ATP molecule,

Which of the following is not found in DNA

Mendel obtained his P generation by allowing the plants to

The kingdom Protista includes

A typical virus consists of

The scientist who worked with Martha Chase to prove that genetic material is composed of DNa

Energy released from ATP

Diploid : somatic cell :: haploid

Which of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA?

Griffith’s transformation experiments

Avery’s experiments showed that transformation

How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?

What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a homozygous dominant  heterozygous cross

During translation, the amino acid detaches from the transfer RNA molecule and attaches to the

Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is

The protozoan that causes malaria reproduces in the

Refer to the illustration above. Graph A demonstrates that the rate of photosynthesis

stage of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes containing genes that code for

RTTIA. Which of the following would represent the strand of DNA from which the mRNA strand give

Giardiasis is a disease that is spread

Quinine

Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are pyrimidines?

Which of the following is not true about DNA replication?

RTTIA. Which of the diagrams has a shape like the bacillus bacterial genus?

difference between Mendel's experiments  and those done by earlier researchers was that

protists : damp soil or sand ::

RTTIA. What is the portion of the protein molecule coded for by the piece of mRNA given?

budding is 

dinoflagellates : flagella ::

photosynthetic bacteria : sunlight::

Watson and Crick : DNA

The presence of a repressor protein prevents the action of what enzyme?

The process in which plants capture energy and make organic molecules is known as

Heterotrophs are organisms that

C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + P  6CO2 + 6 H2O + MOLECULE A      

Which of the following statements is true?

The exchange of segments of DNA

The simplest and most primitive method of reproduction is

The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. The number of chromosomes in ovum

Where on the lac operon does a repressor molecule bind when lactose is absent?

Energy flows from the sun through the living world when...

Structures found in eukaryotic cells but not in a bacterial cells are

As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis

Many biologists believe that having the genes of eukaryotic cells interrupted by introns

Trisomy is a mutation that results in a cell having an extra

Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that

RTTIA. Where on the lac operon does transcription take place?

A diploid cell is one that

A nucleotide consists of

The capsid of a virus is the

When living cells break down food molecules, energy is

Proton pumps found in the thylakoid membranes are directly responsible for

Kinetoplastids

Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n)

F2 : F1 ::

RTTIA. The device shown, which is used to determine the probable outcome of genetic crosses is

Which of the following is not formed during the Krebs cycle

Normal human males develop from fertilized eggs containing which following combinations?

The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are

Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to an

You find a unicellular organism that has a cell wall. Which of the following must it also have?

For each molecule of glucose that is broken down during aerobic respiration, the Krebs cycle pr

The attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA

Cells produce ATP most efficiently in the presence of

Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of

X-ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that

ATP is called a cell’s “energy currency” because

In humans, the riss of passing on a genetic disorder to offspring can be assessed by

All viruses have

Euglena is an example of a protist that

more common name for ovum 

RTTIA. The shape represented by Organism C is called

RTTIA. The genotypic ratio of the F1 generation would be

Bacteria that cause botulism may survive in canned food for a long time because

The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called

All of the following are true about the structure of DNA except

Transcription factors are

The law of segregation states that

During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is "rewritten" as a molecule

All of the following are true of the viruses Hershey and Chase used in their study except

Which of the following does not provide new genetic combinations?

The total amount of ATP that a cell gains for each glucose molecule depends on the presence of

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

While one type of electron transport chain is used to form molecules of ATP, a second electron

A protist may be

The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of

Lyme disease : ticks ::

Crossing-over occurs

Which of the following is not a type of asexual reproduction?

The entire molecule shown in the diagram above is called an

Strand that would match with CCTAGCT

RNA differs from DNA in the RNA

In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have

Light energy : excite electrons ::

Cell organelles that Escherichia coli and other bacteria have in common with eukaryotes are

RTTIA. The phenotype of the offspring indicated by box 3 would be..

adenine : thymine

RTTIA. The anticodons for the codons in the mRNA given are

Pseudopodia are used for

pseudopodia and cilia : locomotion structures ::

The chromosome in your body

The chromosome of a bacterium

Garden peas

Viruses.....

Using radioactive tracers to determine the interactions of bacteriophages andtheir host baceria

The symptoms of malaria

Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because

If nondisjunction occurs,

Transcription proceeds when RNA polymerase

Viruses are

stage in life cycle of Plasmodium in which it lives in mosquitos & is injected into humans is

RTTIA. Which box in the Punnett square represents a child who does not have freckles?

The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases are

Many autotrophs obtain the energy they need for metabolism through

The difference between anaphase of mitosis and anaphase I of meiosis is that

Based on the cycle of photosynthesis u can say that the ultimate original source of energy is

HIV can be transmitted

When crossing-over takes place, chromosomes

When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are raised to a higher energy level,

Energy is required for a variety of life processes including

An individual heterozygous for a trait and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait are

It is important to distinguish between Gram+ and Gram- beacteria