Bio 1: Semester Study Guide part 2

135. Which of the following tools is used to match up chromosome pairs using chemical stains?

174. The restriction enzymes used by scientists to cut DNA molecules at specific nucleotide sequences come from

190. What observations did Charles Darwin make about finches in the Galápagos Islands?

152. What “message” does mRNA carry?

124. Crossing over is an important factor in increasing the

102. Which phrase best describes fragmentation?

175. Which of the following experimental techniques involves treating a genetic disorder by replacing a defective gene?

186. Bacterial enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific nucleotide sequences are called

185. Which of the following terms means the study and comparison of proteins within and among organisms?

128. The Punnet square in Figure 7.1 shows a cross between two parents who have the genotype Ss for a genetic disorder.

110. Which event takes place during anaphase II of meiosis II?

133. Suppose a person is a carrier for a genetic disorder. Which of the following phrases about this person is true?

151. Figure 8.2 shows a single strand of DNA. Identify the nucleotide sequence of the complementary RNA strand.

193. Which theory states that floods and earthquakes have occurred often in Earth’s history?

155. How many amino acids are coded for in the following sequence of mRNA nucleotides? CGAUACAGUAGC

114. Imagine two heterozygous parents. Each has a dominant allele X for brown eyes and a recessive allele x for blue eye

130. Human height occurs in a continuous range because it is affected by the interaction of several genes, making it a

179. The purpose of genetic engineering is to

104. Meiosis produces cells with how many chromosomes?

144. Which scientist used Chemical analysis to show that the genetic material in bacteria of DNA.

136. Phenotype is influenced by many factors, including the chromosome upon which a gene is located, ranges of dominance

189. The remnants of an organ that had a function in an early ancestor is known as a

178. Genetic screening can help determine a person’s risk of passing on a genetic disorder through a combination of

Two parents have the genotype Gg for a genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele. What is chance of children inherit?

171. In the restriction map shown in Figure 9.1, which line, or band, represents the smallest DNA fragments?

115. In Mendal’s mono hybrid cross of a purebred white flowered plant and a purebred purple flowered plant, F generation

180. Proteomics is the study and comparison of

109. Which pair of genes in Figure 6.2 would be most likely to be inherited together?

112. Mendal’s second law of genetics, the law of independent assortment, is one explanation of the

169. Scientists can study the effect of turning off a gene by using

145. How did Hershey and Chase’s use of radiolabeled bacteriophages to study the genetic material validate evaluate it?

126. A person who has a disorder caused by a recessive allele is

165. Where is the messenger RNA “edited” into the final form?

103. Which of the following reproduce asexually through mitosis?

162. In order to produce all the protein that a cell needs, transcription takes place

177. What goal of the Human Genome Project has been achieved?

157. What did Hershey and Chase know about bacteriophages that led them to use these viruses in the DNA experiments?

176. Suppose the restriction site for a particular restriction enzyme is: GATC |||| CTAG. How many restriction sites?

154. Crick’s central dogma of molecular biology is essentially a summary of

187. What is the term for a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?

195. Fossil evidence shows that structures considered vestigial in living organisms

The wide range of eye color indicates that eye color is

117. Which of the following cell types is haploid?

159. Which scientists figured out the three dimensional structure of DNA by using a model of metal and wood?

163. The central dogma states that information flows from

122. In a genotype for plant height, such as Tt, what does each letter represent?

113. Mendal’s observation that traits are inherited separately was based on which set of experiments?

167. In bacteria, what binds with the repressor to activate the lac operon?

161. Figure 8.2 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the complementary RNA strand.

119. Which of the following descriptions best matches the information shown in the diagram in Figure 6.1?

148. Suppose you can read the sequence of bases on one strand of DNA. What would you use to figure out the sequence?

194. Charles Darwin found fossils that looked like old versions of living species. Evidence suggests Earth was

121. Mendal’s law of segregation states that organisms inherit two copies of each gene and that

150. What does DNA polymerase do during replication?

143. Down syndrome is known by having an extra copy of a portion of chromosome 21. Which method identifies disorder?

139. A mouse is homozygous for alleles that produce black fur and homozygous for alleles that make albinism. What color?

156. The lac operon is an example of how gene replication occurs in

108. Mental knew that the variations in the offspring generations resulted from his experiments because he

118. All of the genetic material that makes up an organism is it’s

138. One parent is homozygous for a recessive allele and one parent is heterozygous for recessive allele. Child percent?

132. Two genes cross over 6% of the time. This percentage means that the Genes are

182. To quickly amplify the amount of DNA in a sample, which process would a scientist use?

197. Charles Lyell developed a theory that states geologic processes that shaped Earth in the past. This theory is

141. The gene linkage map shown in Figure 7.2 shows the order of genes A B and C. Which statement about the genes true?

134. What is the main reason that sex linked disorders are most often observed in males?

142. Sex linked disorders appear more often to males because the Y chromosome

120. Which of the following statements is true of heterozygous alleles?

181. Transgenic organisms can express the foreign genes because all organisms are based on the same

172. Which of the following processes could a scientist use to make an amount of DNA that is large enough to study?

199. The variations in the features of the tortoise populations on Albemarle and Abington islands are examples of

198. The false idea that a high jumper who trains to become a champion will have descendants who can jump high is

149. Which of the following is the site of DNA replication in eukaryotes?

107. Which law states that organisms inherit two copies of each gene and donate one copy to each of their offspring?

188. All the individuals of a species that live in a particular area are called a

153. When does replication occur?

168. Genetic engineering is possible because all organisms are based on the same

127. Gene expression is influenced by many factors. Which of the following is a factor in gene expression?

101. Offspring that are genetically unique are the result of

125. Which observation of dihybrid crosses led to Mendal’s law of independent assortment?

196. Which theory ties the fields of biology and geology together?

191. Which scientist developed a classification system for organisms?

105. A distinguishing characteristic that can be inherited is a

123. Which of the following cell types could have 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome?

160. In humans, where does DNA replication take place?

146. Figure 8.1 shows a single strand of DNA. Identify the nucleotide sequence of the other DNA strand.

184. How does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments?

131. The gene linkage map shown in Figure 7.2 shows the order of genes A B and C. Which statement is true?

192. The tortoise from Abington Island would likely be better adapted than the Albermarle Island to which environment?

158. Figure 8.1 shows a single strand made of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the other DNA strand.

200. The small non functional pelvic bones of a boa constrictor are examples of

147. The DNA double helix model used today is the product of research done by scientists

116. Which of the following phrases best describes the function of meiosis?

106. Which of the following statements is true of homozygous alleles?

183. Which of the following statements is true for the restriction map shown in Figure 9.1?

173. Which of the following is the study of entire genomes?

164. How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown below? CGAUAC

166. What is the term for the sections of messenger RNA that are spliced together during processing?

170. Which of the following technologies uses electricity to sort DNA fragments based on their sizes?

140. Supposed a person is homozygous recessive for recessive genetic disorder. This genotype means that the person

111. Recessive alleles may not be expressed because they are