The reciprocity norm says

you help someone if they help you

In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was...?

The highest level of shock supposedly administered.

Edward Titchener developed structuralism, which analyzed psychology by...

attempting to break it down into components or elements

Psychology is defined as the

scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Fundamental Attribution Error

underestimate the situation & overestimate disposition

Retroactive interference involves...

difficulty retrieving old memories

What is not a characteristic of groupthink?

gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)

suggests the dominant group will displace unfocused aggression on minority

A person with dissociative identity disorder has

two or more partial personalities.

Zimbardo's SPE: which best describes behaviour of prisoners

became more withdrawn & anxious as study progressed

What is Confirmation Bias?

looking for sources that support your opinions

is treated with mood stabilizers like lithium and topiramate

Social exchange theory ____________.

States that we weigh the costs and rewards in relationships.

Random assignment means...

subjects were placed in experimental/control groups randomly

When we don't help someone because we think someone else will

An example of intrinsic motivation would be...

participating in a sport because you enjoy it

According to the nativist theory, language is acquired...

Using an inborn ability to learn language.

An operational definition:

specifies the measures, procedures & operations required

studbud

2023 AP Psych Exam Review

100 termsStudBud Administration1,405 plays

Review for the AP Psych Exam

Flashcards100 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 100

Answers

1
The reciprocity norm says
you never help others
you help others at a personal cost
you help someone if they help you
you help others only when it is at no personal cost
2
In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was...?
The location of the learner.
The number of people in the group.
The highest level of shock supposedly administered.
The instructions given by the experimenter.
3
Edward Titchener developed structuralism, which analyzed psychology by...
focusing on the purpose of behavior
focus on observable actions
attempting to break it down into components or elements
attempting to find a biological cause for every emotion
4
What defense mechanisms is characterized by externalization of guilt, blame, or responsibility?
Denial
Projection
Undoing
Apathy
5
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Serotonin
Adrenaline
Acetylcholine
Endorphins
6
Psychology is defined as the
sociological study of individual and group dynamics
humanistic study of emotions and feelings
study of supernatural phenomena
scientific study of behavior and mental processes
7
Find the independent variable: Children with abusive parents are more likely to abuse drugs.
Drug Abuse
Having Abusive Parents
Children
Alcoholism
8
Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on...
kinesthesis
sensory adaptation
visual acuity
night vision
9
Fundamental Attribution Error
overestimate the situation & overestimate the disposition
underestimate the situation and overestimate the disposition
overestimate the situation and underestimate the disposition
underestimate the situation & overestimate disposition
10
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
11
Aversion therapy to eliminate undesirable actions might be practiced by what type of therapist?
socio-cultural
psychodynamic
behavioral
forensic
12
Retroactive interference involves...
improved memories
difficulty retaining memory
difficulty retrieving old memories
difficulty encoding new memories
13
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
14
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring dissent from group members
15
Scapegoat Theory:
a false theory with no evidence to support it
suggest that throughout time assimilation will take place
suggests the dominant group will displace unfocused aggression on minority
suggests that the minority group will slowly overthrow the majority
16
What personality disorder has excessive interest in oneself and one's physical appearance
narcissism
paranoid
antisocial
dissociative
17
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
thought is to perception
feeling is to thinking
attitude is to action
behavior is to motive
18
A person with dissociative identity disorder has
two or more partial personalities.
amnesia about personal information and past events.
impulses to commit socially unacceptable behavior
frequent panic attacks.
19
Zimbardo's SPE: which best describes behaviour of prisoners
became more withdrawn & anxious as study progressed
they made it v difficult for guards to enforce the rules
resisted the cruelty of guards throughout study
they supported each other
20
The amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, which are all concerned with emotion, are located:
thalamus
cerebellum
medulla
limbic system
21
The overwhelming thought of fear associated with OCD is called
Compulsion
Repetitive actions
Obsession
Fear of Losing Control
22
The following preferred parenting style is both responsive & demanding-
submissive
authoritative
authoritarian
permissive
23
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
instinct theory
drive theory
evolutionary theory
24
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
oral
anal
latency
25
Social Facilitation is the opposite of
Self-serving Bias
group polarization
Self-fulfilling prophecy
Social Loafing
26
Harry Harlow studied the role of ________ in attachment
love
contact comfort
spanking
nutrition
27
What is Confirmation Bias?
looking for sources that support your opinions
bias that has been proven
bias after accepting a position at an employer
checking to be sure something has bias
28
Bipolar disorder:
is treated with mood stabilizers like lithium and topiramate
is a type of anxiety disorder
is characterized by a persistent manic state
all of the above
29
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
narcotics
cannabis
alcohol
sedatives
30
Social exchange theory ____________.
Emphasizes the benefits of relationships.
Replaces oral communciatino with texting.
Focuses on the trading of old friends for new one.
States that we weigh the costs and rewards in relationships.
31
Which procedure would be used to modify the behaviors associated with severe cases of OCD?
transcranial magnetic stimulation
lesioning
electrical stimulation
split-brain
32
Random assignment means...
subjects did provide personal information
a group was selected at random from a larger population
subjects were placed in experimental/control groups randomly
subjects don't know the purpose of the study
33
In a collectivist culture, individuals are likely to avoid
displaying personal humility
expressing family loyalty.
prolonging conversations
embarrassing other people.
34
Which scan takes an x-ray of the brain?
EEG
CAT
FMR
MRI
35
What are the spaces between neurons called?
corridors
synapses
spaces
synarthrosis
36
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
aggressiveness
social charm
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
37
Bystander Effect
Someone pushes someone else off a bridge then calls themselves a bystander
When we don't help someone because we think someone else will
People take pictures of injured homeless people because it's funny
Helping someone because they are the only bystander
38
An example of intrinsic motivation would be...
participating in a sport because you enjoy it
studying to get good grades
practicing an art to obtain a scholarship
doing chores to earn allowance
39
According to the nativist theory, language is acquired...
By parents reinforcing correct language use.
Using an inborn ability to learn language.
Best in the language and culture native to the family.
Only if instruction is provided in the native language.
40
The need to take larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of…
withdrawal
tolerance
dependence
dissociation
41
Which personality test is used for disorders?
MMPI
CANOE
TAT
Rorschach
42
With respect to prenatal development, teratogens _____ prenatal abnormalities.
do not cause
always cause
increase the risk of
decrease the risk of
43
Leptin is released in our ________ and ________ hunger.
stomach; inhibits
intestines; stimulates
fat cells; inhibits
fat cells; stimulates
44
Deindividuation partly explains
Mob behavior
Social facilitation
Altruistic behavior
Noncomformity
45
Neuroscientists use _________ scans to pinpoint the brain areas that handle mental activities.
EEG
fMRI
PET
CT
46
Fluid intelligence includes all of the following except...
reasoning ability
processing speed
problem solving skills
knowledge over time
47
Generally antipsychotics act on which neurotransmitter system?
Cortisol
Serotonin
Dopamine
Glutamate
48
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
schizophrenic
mood
anxiety
49
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
initiative vs. guilt
50
Archetypes fall under ________'s theory of a collective unconscious.
Alfred Adler
Albert Bandura
Carl Jung
Carl Rogers
51
An operational definition:
answers the research question.
helps clarify the research problem
explains how an operation is performed
specifies the measures, procedures & operations required
52
The last stage of moral development according Kohlberg is:
coventional
formal operational
post conventional
formal coventional
53
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
functionalism
behaviorism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
54
A newborn is in thist stage of Piaget's cognitive development
concrete operational
trust vs mistrust
sensorimotor
preoperational
55
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
shared inhibition
strange situation
secure-avoidant
attachment probing
56
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
Many confounding variables
Sampling error
The need for a representative sample
Concerns over validity
57
Altruism is
Putting your own needs above others
Arguing for what you believe in
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
the act of being selfish as opposed to compassionate
58
Which theory of emotion involves sub-cortical activity in the thalamus?
Cannon-Bard
James-Lange
Drive Theory
Schachter's Two Factor
59
What type of reinforment or punishment maintains the phobia?
Positive Punishment
Negative Punishment
Negative Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
60
The school of behaviorism defined psychology as
the scientific study of observable behavior
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
the sociology study of group behavior
the biological study of the brain and its behavior
61
Jean Piaget was famous for stages of __________ development
psychosocial
sexual
moral
cognitive
62
The three stages of general adaptation syndrome include all of the following except..
resistance
alarm
exhaustion
anger
63
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
64
Electroconvulsive Therapy...
Uses electricity to stimulate muscle movement.
Uses electricity to measure brain waves to diagnose disorders.
Uses electric shock therapy to stimulate and reset brain neurons.
Uses electric shocks as an aversive consequence in operant conditioning.
65
Foot in the Door Phenomenon
Agreeing to small requests to eventually agree to larger one
Feeling confusion in moral situaitons
Disagreeing to extreme requests before OKing a small one
Getting your foot caught in a door
66
Social Learning Theory, observed & modeled Bobo, reciprocal determinism, behavior = interaction
Bandura
Skinner
Thorndike
Watson
67
People tend to only recall the first and last items in a list accurately, illustrating...
spacing effect
serial-position effect
misinformation effect
recency effect
68
In the Asch line expierment many people conformed because they wanted to fit in with the group
Normative Social Influence
Obedience
Informational Social Influence
Chameleon Effect
69
Projective tests:
Are a type of objective personality test
Are used infrequently these days
Are not considered particularly helpful in the clinical process
Are based on a clinician's interpretation of a client's response to stimuli
70
What is the function of the medulla?
Controls heartbeat and breathing
Coordinates balance
Transmits sensory information
Creates drives such as hunger
71
Botulin blocks the effects of ACh in synapses,making it a/an...
Antagonist
Endocrine
Agonist
Endorphin
72
What did Lewis Terman create?
Wechsler Intelligence Scale
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
Alpha-Beta Test of Intelligence
Binet Intelligence Test
73
Conversion disorder is an example of a(n)
depressive disorder
somatoform disorder
anxiety disorder
dissociative disorder
74
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Sublimation
Denial
Rationalization
Regression
75
What is Illusory Correlation?
This one
Our tendency to perceive non-existent correlations.
A distortion on the graph
An error in the graph caused by a sampling bias
76
The behavior that is associated with the thoughts of overwhelming fear associated with OCD
Compulsion
Anxiety
Obsession
Repetitive Actions
77
Bipolar cells are located in the
Lens
Blind spot
Retina
Optic nerve
78
Evolutionary theories of motivation suggest that motives result in behaviors that...
reduce biological needs
reduce incentives
maintain homeostasis
maximize reproductive success & ensure survival
79
Ghrelin is produced by the ____ and sends a signal that you are ____.
fat cells; full
stomach; gaining weight
stomach; hungry
hypothalamus; happy
80
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
IQ
81
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
mentalism
introspection
intelligence
cognition
82
In an experiment on the effectiveness of an insomnia drug, the dependent variable would be?
a placebo
drug for insomnia
subjects given drug
amount of sleep obtained by subject
83
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
84
Systematic desensitization involves
depriving client access to addictive drug
associating pleasant relaxed statew/anxiety arousing stimuli
associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences
replacing pos. resp. to harmful stimulus w/neg. response
85
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
avoidance
repression
suppression
86
Validity can be best described as:
data that is close to the mark
measurement that reflects what it was intended to measure
data that is correct
consistency of measurement
87
Linguistic relativity theory was proposed by _______, and suggests that _____________.
Chomsky; our thoughts influence our language
Whorf; one’s language determines the natureof one’s thought
Pinker; language was necessary for evolution
Skinner;one’s language determines their thoughts
88
What is “reciprocal determinism”?
dynamic knowledge by people for health decisions
dynamic knowledge by people for control over their lives
dynamic exchange between people and community
dynamic exchanges between people and environment
89
Which of the following differentiates binge eating disorders from bulimia nervosa?
Avoiding self induced vomiting
Losing weight
Chronic overeating
Buying large amounts of food
90
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
91
Social Traps
curious tendency to form diabolical images of one another
Movie with pre-drug Lindsay Lohan
harming collective well-being by pursuing personal interests
both partners get back what they put into the relationship
92
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
93
Which intelligence test that Weschler made, is for adults?
WAIS
WISC
WIAS
NISC
94
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
95
A parenting style that allows freedom, lax parenting that doesn't set limits or enforce rules
authoritarian parenting style
discipline
permissive parenting style
democratic parenting style
96
Positron Emission Tomography(PET) scans .......
show only the structure of brain tissue
take 360 degree X-rays of brain to produce a 2-D image
detect oxygen levels in the blood flowing through the brain
detect how much glucose is being used when given a functional task
97
Availability heuristics
a problem solving method that uses a formula the get right to the answer
a problem solving method that uses information readily available to you
a problem solving method that uses your prototype as the best image
a problem sovling method that uses a step by step process
98
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a forensic psychologist
99
Companionate love...
feelings of closeness, affection, connection
strong affection we have for those w/ whom our lives deeply involved
state of powerful absorption in someone
motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness & romance
100
Who developed the Hierarchy of Needs?
Nightingale
Erikson
Maslow
Piaget

2023 AP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud