Which of the following is true of care of a patient with a leg ulcer?

encourage vitamins C and A, iron, and zinc, administer pain medication after physical activity, encourage protein of 1.25-1.5 g/kg/day

A nurse is educating a client about statins. What would he include in his teaching?

avoid grapefruit juice, generally taken at night

Which of the following is true of the characteristics of arterial leg ulcers?

lower extremities are cool to the touch, minimal to no hair growth, no drainage from wound, pain at nigth that's relieved by elevating leg, pale, shiny, thin skin

Which of the following are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis?

nicotine, stress, diet, hypertension, diabetes, obesity

Hypertension is defined by ...

a DBP of ≥ 90 mmHg, 2 or more BP measurements taken 1-4 weeks apart by a HCP, a SBP of ≥ 140 mmHg

What are risk factors for hypertension?

physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, DM, older age, GFR < 60 mL/min and family history

What are symptoms that are related to organ damage and are seen late with a patient who has hypertension?

retinal and other eye changes, stroke, MI, cardiac hypertrophy, renal damage

Which of the following is true of clopidogrel?

avoid taking aspirin, treats PAD, increases your risk of bleeding or injury, antiplatelet

Which of the following is not true of arterial leg ulcers?

painful from edema, phlebitis, or infection

________ is the resistance to blood flow in the peripheral circulation; determined by diameter of blood vessels.

peripheral vascular resistance, systemic vascular resistance

CCBs slow conduction in the heart, decreasing contractility (vasodilates). Which are CCBs used for the treatment of HTN?

amlodipine, diltiazem hydrochloride, nicardipine, nifedipine

Which of the following is true of aspirin in the treatment of PAD?

do not crush, chew, or break ER, store in a cool place or in the refrigerator

Jan has a normal blood pressure range. What are the normal systolic and diastolic measurements? SBP_____ and DBP _____.

SBP less than 120, DBP less than 80

When treating a DVT with warfarin, the nurse knows...

vitamin K antagonist, monitor INR, the goal is 2.0-3.0

What is a common location for a venous leg ulcer?

above the medial malleoli, above the lateral malleoli

Which of the following statements accurately describes arteriosclerosis?

hardening of the arteries, muscle fibers + endothelial lining of small arteries/arterioles thicken

The body works to maintain homeostasis by changing __________ and ___________.

systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output

Changes cause vessels to stiffen and results in...

increased L ventricular workload, increased peripheral resistance, impaired blood flow

Which of the following are appropriate nursing actions for a patient with cellulitis?

perform drain care prn, reinforce education about skin and foot care, mark perimeter with a pen and elevate leg

What diagnostics are ordered for a patient with cellulitis?

blood cultures to rule out septicemia, wound culture to determine causative factor, CT scan to identify necrotizing fasciitis, U/S to determine cobblestone appearance, abscesses, and to rule out DVT

Which of the following diagnostics are done for Raynaud's disease?

R/O ANA, ESR, and CRP test, nailfold capillaroscopy, cold stimulation test

Which of the following are characteristics of venous leg ulcers?

irregular shape, shallow and superficial, painful from edema, phlebitis, or infection, usually in the lower legs or ankles

A nurse is educating a patient on how to prevent varicose veins. What indicates the need for further teaching?

elevated the legs a foot above the heart

Which of the following is true of varicose veins?

chronic distention can reduce effectiveness of one-way valves, can have aches, cramping, muscle fatigue, ankle edema, leg heaviness, RF⇨pregnancy, ascites, obesity, C, DVT, increased time standing, abd. mass

Which of the following is true in regard to the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)?

less than 0.5 indicates severe disease, normal is usually 0.9+

What are some preventative measures for a patient with a DVT?

compression stockings, early ambulation, lifestyle changes, subQ heparin, pneumatic compression devices

Which of the following is true of pentoxifylline?

take with meals, do not crush, break or chew

Lulu has hypertension stage 2. The measurements for HTN stage 2 are SBP ______ or a DBP of ______.

DBP 90 or higher, SBP 140 or higher

studbud

Adult Health I Exam #2

100 termsStudBud Administration14 plays

Hypertension, PVD and subtypes, PAD and subtypes, Sleep Apnea

Flashcards100 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 100

Answers

1
If a pt. has _________ use oxygen permeable dressings; if a pt. has ________ use hydrocolloid dressings.
deep, superficial
superficial, deep
2
Which of the following is true of care of a patient with a leg ulcer?
encourage vitamins C and A, iron, and zinc
promote exercise immediately
administer pain medication after physical activity
encourage protein of 1.25-1.5 g/kg/day
3
_______ is the amount of blood ejected from the L ventricle over the period of a minute.
cardiac output
diastolic pressure
systolic pressure
systemic vascular resistance
4
A nurse is educating a client about statins. What would he include in his teaching?
only avoid grapefruit 2 hours before and after med administration
avoid grapefruit juice
generally taken in the morning
generally taken at night
5
If a patient is on enoxaparin, what lab value would you monitor?
H+H
LMWH
INR
aPTT
6
Which of the following is true of the characteristics of arterial leg ulcers?
lower extremities are cool to the touch
minimal to no hair growth, no drainage from wound
pain at nigth that's relieved by elevating leg
pale, shiny, thin skin
7
Which of the following are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis?
gender, familial predisposition and genetics
sedentary lifestyle, age
nicotine, stress, diet
hypertension, diabetes, obesity
8
What is the name of the thiazide diuretic for HTN?
propranalol
furosemide
chlorothiazide
spironolactone
9
Hypertension is defined by ...
a DBP of ≥ 90 mmHg
2 or more BP measurements taken 1-4 weeks apart by a HCP
3 or more BP measurements taken 1-4 weeks apart by a HCP
a SBP of ≥ 140 mmHg
10
_________ is BP that's very elevated but no evidence of progressive or immediate TOD.
hypertensive crisis
hypertensive urgency
hypertensive emergency
hypertensive resistance
11
Which of the following is not a part of Virchow's Triad for DVTs?
increased permeability
hypercoagulability
impaired blood flow
damage to blood vessel
12
What are risk factors for hypertension?
physical inactivity, obesity
smoking, hyperlipidemia
DM, older age
GFR < 60 mL/min and family history
13
What are symptoms that are related to organ damage and are seen late with a patient who has hypertension?
retinal and other eye changes
stroke
MI, cardiac hypertrophy
renal damage
14
Which of the following is true of clopidogrel?
avoid taking aspirin
treats PAD
increases your risk of bleeding or injury
antiplatelet
15
What is not a treatment option for varicose veins?
ligation
amputation
scleropathy
thermal ablation
16
Which of the following is not true of arterial leg ulcers?
RF⇨ vascular insufficiency, uncontrolled BS, mobility problems
have insufficient blood supply to area, causing ischemia
painful from edema, phlebitis, or infection
punched out appearance, smooth wound edges
17
________ is the resistance to blood flow in the peripheral circulation; determined by diameter of blood vessels.
blood volume
peripheral vascular resistance
cardiac output
systemic vascular resistance
18
Beta blockers lower heart rate, what are the beta blockers used in the treatment of HTN?
propranalol
metoprolol
prazosin hydrochloride
nitroglycerin
19
If a client is taking warfarin, what lab value would you monitor?
aPTT
H+H
INR
LMWH
20
Antibiotic T_x for mild/moderate cellulitis⇨ PCN Vk 250-500 mg PO 4x/day. Severe cellulitis⇨ vancomycin 15mg/kg IV q12h.
False
True
21
CCBs slow conduction in the heart, decreasing contractility (vasodilates). Which are CCBs used for the treatment of HTN?
amlodipine
diltiazem hydrochloride
nicardipine
nifedipine
22
Which of the following is true of aspirin in the treatment of PAD?
do not crush, chew, or break ER
can crush ER capsules if given through G-tube
store in a warm, dehumidified place
store in a cool place or in the refrigerator
23
What is not an etiology of secondary raynaud's?
arterial disease, carpal tunnel syndrome
scleroderma
stress, blood vessel spasms
lupus, RA
24
Jan has a normal blood pressure range. What are the normal systolic and diastolic measurements? SBP_____ and DBP _____.
DBP greater than 80
SBP less than 120
SBP greater than 120
DBP less than 80
25
The normal range for HcT for females is 42-52% and for males is 35-47%/
False
True
26
When treating a DVT with warfarin, the nurse knows...
more expensive
vitamin K antagonist
fast onset
monitor INR, the goal is 2.0-3.0
27
The normal range of Hgb for males is 13-18 g/dL and for females it's 12-16 g/dL.
False
True
28
What is a common location for a venous leg ulcer?
above the medial malleoli
over the malleoli
above the lateral malleoli
anterior shin
29
Garrett has hypertension stage 1. The measurements for HTN stage 1 are SBP ______ or a DBP of ______.
DBP 80-89
SBP 130-139
DBP 90-99
SBP 140-149
30
What is not a drug that is used to treat raynaud's disease?
Alpha blockers, block norepinephrine
vasodilators, like nitroglycerin paste applied to fingers
ARBS, block angiotensin II
CCBs, they cause vasodilation
31
Which of the following statements accurately describes arteriosclerosis?
result of accumulation of lipids, calcium, blood components, CHOs, etc.
hardening of the arteries
muscle fibers + endothelial lining of small arteries/arterioles thicken
affects intima of large and medium-sized arteries
32
The body works to maintain homeostasis by changing __________ and ___________.
afterload
preload
systemic vascular resistance
cardiac output
33
Changes cause vessels to stiffen and results in...
increased L ventricular workload
decreased cardiac output
increased peripheral resistance
impaired blood flow
34
Which of the following are appropriate nursing actions for a patient with cellulitis?
perform drain care prn
apply cool, dry packs to cite every 2-4 hours
reinforce education about skin and foot care
mark perimeter with a pen and elevate leg
35
On the DASH diet, How many servings of low-fat dairy per day are recommended?
5-6
2-3
1-2
4-5
36
_________ is a BP > 180/120 mmHg and must be lowered immediately to prevent damage to target organs.
hypertensive crisis
hypertensive emergency
hypertensive urgency
hypertensive resistance
37
What diagnostics are ordered for a patient with cellulitis?
blood cultures to rule out septicemia
wound culture to determine causative factor
CT scan to identify necrotizing fasciitis
U/S to determine cobblestone appearance, abscesses, and to rule out DVT
38
Which of the following diagnostics are done for Raynaud's disease?
R/O ANA, ESR, and CRP test
H+H, WBC
nailfold capillaroscopy
cold stimulation test
39
What is the name of the loop diuretic for HTN?
spironolactone
chlorothiazide
furosemide
nitroglycerin
40
Which of the following are characteristics of venous leg ulcers?
irregular shape
shallow and superficial
painful from edema, phlebitis, or infection
usually in the lower legs or ankles
41
A nurse is educating a patient on how to prevent varicose veins. What indicates the need for further teaching?
wear graduated compression stockings
encourage exercise 30 min each day if there's no contraindications
avoid activities that cause venous stasis
elevated the legs a foot above the heart
42
Which of the following is true of varicose veins?
primary is anything that ↑ intra-abdominal P or raises P in venous system
chronic distention can reduce effectiveness of one-way valves
can have aches, cramping, muscle fatigue, ankle edema, leg heaviness
RF⇨pregnancy, ascites, obesity, C, DVT, increased time standing, abd. mass
43
Which of the following is true in regard to the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)?
more than 0.9 indicates severe disease
normal is usually less than 0.5
less than 0.5 indicates severe disease
normal is usually 0.9+
44
What are some preventative measures for a patient with a DVT?
compression stockings
early ambulation, lifestyle changes
subQ heparin
pneumatic compression devices
45
Which of the following is true of pentoxifylline?
treats varicose veins
take with meals
do not crush, break or chew
take before breakfast and dinner
46
On the DASH diet, How many servings of lean protein per day are recommended?
10 or less
8 or less
6 or less
3 or less
47
On the DASH diet, How many servings of legumes or nuts/seeds per week are recommended?
6-8
4-5
7-10
2-3
48
Alpha₁-blockers relax vessel walls. What are the alpha₁-blockers that are used in the treatment of hypertension?
metoprolol
prazosin hydrochloride
propanalol
furosemide
49
Exercise tolerance test, arteriography, doppler U/S flow study, and plethysmography are used to evaluate PAD.
True
False
50
Lulu has hypertension stage 2. The measurements for HTN stage 2 are SBP ______ or a DBP of ______.
DBP 90 or higher
SBP 140 or higher
DBP 90 and lower
SBP 140 and lower
51
On the DASH diet, how many servings of fruits and veggies are recommended per day?
2-3
5-6
4-5
1-3
52
Which of the following is true of cellulitis?
RF⇨ older age, weak immune system, breaks in skin, IV drug use, DM
can occur from weak immune defense, portal of entry, inflammation&invasion
common, local bacterial infection of the subQ tissue
may appear as swollen, red area of skin that feels hot and tender
53
What would the appearance of a venous leg ulcer look like?
shallow
edges are irregular
granulation is present (deep pink to red)
swollen with drainage
54
_________ needs to be in dependent positioning and _________ needs to be in an elevated position.
venous; arterial
arterial; venous
55
What medication is given PO and it takes 3-5 days to reach its therapeutic effect?
warfarin
heparin
LMWH
enoxaparin
56
For varicose veins, valve issues are diagnosed by a Duplex Ultrasound.
False
True
57
When treating a DVT with enoxaparin, it...
LMWH levels can be used to monitor it, therapeutic range is 0.5-1 IU/mL
less expensive
vitamin K antagonist
is given subQ 1-2x/day
58
Tina is in a hypertensive crisis. The measurements for a hypertensive crisis are SBP of ______ and/or a DBP of ______.
DBP higher than 120
SBP higher than 180
SBP higher than 190
DBP higher than 150
59
_______ is the pressure on the arterial walls when the heart is contracting.
cardiac output
systolic pressure
diastolic pressure
blood volume
60
When metabolic needs increase, ________ occurs. When metabolic needs decrease, ________ occurs.
vasodilation, vasoconstriction
vasoconstriction, vasodilation
61
What are appropriate ways to medically manage leg ulcers?
debridement of wound, dressigns
compression therapy
hyper-oxygenation therapy
oral antibiotics
62
Pam has an elevated blood pressure. What is are the elevated BP measurements? SBP of ____ and a DBP of ______
DBP less than 80
SBP 120-129
DBP less than 90
SBP 120-139
63
__________ has an unidentifiable cause; __________ has a medical condition as the cause.
secondary hypertension; primary hypertension
primary hypertension; secondary hypertension
64
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens is when the entire extremity becomes massively swollen, tense, painful, and cool to the touch.
True
False
65
A patient comes in with only a high blood pressure reading. What other symptoms might he experience?
no symptoms
headache
tinnitus
epistasis
66
Vasodilators open blood vessels + are usually used in ER cases. What is NOT a vasodilator used in the treatment of HTN?
prazosin hydrochloride
nitroglycerin
sodium nitroprusside
hydralazine hydrochloride
67
Dan has been prescribed an ACE inhibitor for his HTN. Which of the following are ACE inhibitors?
enalopril
zestopril
captopril
lisinopril
68
L ventricular hypertrophy, MI, HF, TIA, CVA, renal insufficiency, CKD, and retinal hemorrhage are complication of HTN.
False
True
69
The path blood takes is arterioles ⇨ venules ⇨ capillaries ⇨ veins ⇨ arteries
True
False
70
On the DASH diet, how many servings of grains per day are recommended?
7-10
3-4
6-8
4-5
71
Dan has pauses in his breathing and sometimes shallow breathing while sleeping. This indicates...
dyspnea
sleep apnea
aspiration
atelectasis
72
Tye has been prescribed an ARB for his HTN. Which of the following is an ARB?
posartan
enalasartan
valsartan
losartan
73
If a patient is on heparin, what lab value would you monitor?
LMWH
H+H
INR
aPTT
74
Which of the following diagnostics is true of a patient with hypertension?
abnormal urinalysis (protein)
ECG with signs of ventricular hypertrophy
abnormal blood chemistry
abnormal BUN and creatinine
75
A patient with TOD might experience....
angina, SOB, altered speech
nocturia, no symptoms
altered vision, nosebleeds
headaches, dizziness, balance problems
76
Ischemia occurs if blood flow > metabolic needs.
True
False
77
Primary Raynaud's is more common and more serious than Secondary Raynaud's.
True
False
78
After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient's goal is to get it...
less than 160/90 mmHg for older adult clients
less than 130/90 mmHg
less than 150/90 mmHg for older adult clients
less than 140/90 mmHg
79
When treating a DVT with heparin...
more expensive
target aPTT is 60-85 seconds
regulated by monitoring INR
it's given IV for 5-7 days
80
What is a common location of an arterial leg ulcer?
over the malleoli
anterior shin
over toe joints
under the heel
81
What would the appearance of an arterial ulcer look like?
very little drainage
deep "punched out" w/ noticeable margins/edges that give round appearance
edges are irregular
little tissue granulation
82
Which of the following is not true of venous leg ulcers?
pooling of blood causing increased pressure in veins
RF⇨varicose veins, DVT, incompetent valves, pregnancy, muscle weakness
pain at night relieved from elevating leg
shallow, superficial, irregular shape
83
Which of the following correctly describes Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAD)?
skin is cool, pallor, rubor, loss of hair, brittle nails, dry scaly skin
can have muscle atrophy, ulcers, bruits, decreased capillary refill
occurs with some degree of exercise and is relieved with rest
intermittent claudication (aching or cramping)
84
Which of the following is true of Raynaud's Disease?
skin starts off as white then progresses to blue then red
vasospasm causing dilation in toes, fingers, tip of ears, and nose
common disorder affecting veins
primary raynaud's is caused by another health condition
85
Which of the following statements accurately describes atherosclerosis?
muscle fibers + endothelial lining of arteries/arterioles become thickened
hardening of the arteries
accumulation of lipids, CHOs, etc on intimal layer (atheromas or plaques)
affects intima of large and medium-sized blood vessels
86
What are appropriate nursing actions for a patient with a DVT?
use a pneumatic compression device
use the homan's sign, anti-embolism stockings
avoid knee gatch, intermittent warm moist compresses
bed rest, elevate extremitiy
87
If a patient has hypertensive emergency, what is the goal?
after the first hour, reduce to 160/100 mmHg over 6 hours
reduce BP by 20-25% in the first hour
continue a gradual reduction to a normal period over days
monitor patient's BP and cardiovascular status frequently
88
What is not an etiology of primary raynaud's?
lupus
blood vessel spasm
stress
cold temperature exposure
89
A nurse is educating a patient on PAD. What would the nurse include?
explain the effects of heat and cold
walking and graded isometric exercises are good (consult w/ HCP first)
stop smoking and stress reduction
positioning strategies
90
Which of the following is true of cilostazol?
increased risk of bleeding
taken bid on a full stomach
take at least 30 minutes before or 2 hours after breakfast or dinner
treats peripheral arterial occlusive disease
91
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of DVT?
edema, tenderness
pulmonary embolus
plegmasia cerulea dolens
weight loss, increased truncal circumference
92
A patient with sleep apnea may snore, snort, or choke as breathing returns.
True
False
93
Which of the following are manifestations of cellulitis?
loose, rough appearance of the skin
abscess w/ puss formation
inflammation of the skin and fever
tenderness at affected site, skin sore/rash that spreads quickly
94
A patient with varicose veins will have worsening cramps throughout the day.
False
True
95
_________ thin-walled veins that are easily distended by the chronic pooling of blood in the lower extremities.
VTEs
varicose veins
venothrombus
cellulitis
96
What is the K-sparing diuretic used for HTN?
metoprolol
furosemide
spirolnolactone
chlorothiazide
97
When performing a D-Dimer test for DVT confirmation the presence of protein fragments supports a diagnosis of a DVT.
True
False
98
What medication is given subQ, at a 90° angle, sites are rotated, and is only given in the lower portion of the abdomen?
enoxaparin
warfarin
heparin
levenox
99
If a patient has hypertensive urgency, what's the goal?
assess for potential evidence of TOD
PO agents can be administered to normalize BP within 24-48 hours
closely monitor BP and cardiovascular status
fast-acting PO agents include: labetalol and captopril
100
______ is the pressure on arterial walls when the heart is at rest.
diastolic pressure
systolic pressure
systemic vascular resistance
cardiac output

Adult Health I Exam #2 Flashcards | StudBud