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Personality Final 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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Personality Final 1
Personality Final 1
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1
Chan tends to be disorganized, irresponsible, and unable to handle criticism well. What is his personality?
low openness to experience and high conscientiousness
low agreeableness and high neuroticism
low conscientiousness and high neuroticism
low extraversion and high openness to experience
2
Which of the following is NOT an example of p-hacking?
adjusting the results to remove seemingly extraneous factors
neglecting report conditions that fail to get the desired result
deleting unusual responses
publishing both strong and weak results
3
What is the newscaster name?
Jan
Melanie
Mandy
Whitney
4
The situationist argument holds that
All of these are correct
our everyday intuitions about people are fundamentally flawed.
There is a limit to how we can predict behavior from personality
situations more important than personality traits for determining behavior
5
Imagine that judgments of extraversion made on the first day of college equal how many parties students attend
predictive validity.
critical realism.
interjudge agreement.
internal consistency.
6
What is the correct order of narrative identity development over the life course, according to Dan McAdams?
author, agent, actor
agent, author, actor
actor, agent, author
agent, actor, author
7
Which of the following is NOT a reason that older people believe their personalities are more consistent vs youth
They are more mature.
They have more wealth accumulated.
Their social roles are more stable.
They have more responsibilities
8
Individuals in which age group are likely to have the greatest amount of stability in their personality traits?
adults between the ages of 50 and 70
adolescents
young adults between the ages of 20 and 30
school-age children
9
Individuals who grew up during Great Depression had different attitudes regarding work and finances than current day ppl
rank-order stability of personality.
cumulative continuity principle.
the maturity principle.
cohort effects
10
What name is on his blue sweatshirt?
Brew
Drew
Justin
Ariana
11
Teresa is known to be very social and dominant at parties. She most likely has high levels of which hormone?
oxytocin
dopamine
serotonin
testosterone
12
What you are influenced by, how you see yourself, and how you are seen by others. This means that your self-perceptions
Causal Force
Phenomenological Force
Definitional Truth
Causal Truth
13
Where is Dr Witter from?
New Jersey
Connecticut
Colorado
California
14
Which part of the psychological triad corresponds to cognitions about the self?
Thoughts
Traits
Disorders
Behaviors
15
Which of the following is NOT considered one of the likely reasons that high-expectancy students perform better?
Teachers provide more detailed and constructive feedback to these students.
Teachers are warmer to these students.
Teachers provide extra opportunities to these students.
Teachers show an increased willingness to ignore disciplinary problems
16
All the following exercises are used to help develop self-control EXCEPT
meditating
self affirmation
reconsidering temptations
relaxing
17
Though researchers disagree, most personality psychologists think there are how many personality factors?
5
3
4
6
18
The case of railroad worker Phineas Gage illustrates that
the amygdala has important effects on fear and anger.
the right hemisphere is the province of image-oriented, intuitive thinking.
injuries to the brain can affect personality and behavior.
brain injuries affect physical but not psychological functioning.
19
What brain region connects the two halves of the brain?
brain stem
frontal lobes
hippocampus
corpus callosum
20
What kinds of behaviors by an acquaintance would MOST likely be remembered?
behaviors that are observed every day
only behaviors consistent with the acquaintance’s personality
Atypical behaviors that are emotionally charged
the most recently observed typical behavior
21
According to psychologist Ravenna Helson, someone who stays “on time” in relation to their social clock
receives social shaming.
feels no different than someone who is “behind.”
feels as if they have not “lived.”
receives social approval
22
Judgments of your personality by others
impact what you are like.
reflect who you are and can influence what you are like.
are too inaccurate to be used in research contexts.
reflect who you are.
23
Which trait is associated with positive first impressions but more negative impressions in longer-term relationships
self-monitoring
narcissism
authoritarianism
conscientiousness
24
Generally refers to the traits that help a person to fulfill adult roles such as being a spouse or parent
Responsibility
Generativity
Maturity
Consistency
25
Which of the following is NOT part of the psychological triad?
Feelings
Psychological Health
Behaviors
Thoughts
26
In order to improve personality research, researchers can
All of the above
predict behavioral trends rather than single acts.
check for factors that predict consistency.
measure behavior in real life.
27
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five?
Conscientiousness
Psychoticism
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
28
Joe just got back from a month-long trip to Africa. What are the likely long-term effects of his trip?
a decrease in verbal fluency
a decreased sense of self
an increase in his self-confidence and social skills
an increased appreciation for his hometown and family
29
Funder and Ozer (1983) examined the results of three classic social psychological studies. Effect Size was
.10 to .20
.30 to .40
.70 to .97
.61 to .75
30
How many students are enrolled in this class?
36
34
32
29
31
What color is the main singer's necklace?
Blue
Red
Pink
Green
32
The last skeleton you see hair color before next story?
Green
Blue
Purple
Pink
33
The observation “If it looks like a duck, walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it is probably a duck” is
constructivist accuracy
moderator variables.
convergent validation.
procedural judgment.
34
What intervention has been developed to (temporarily) change levels of narcissism?
Individuals were told to practice empathy and taking perspective.
Work for a charity for at least 10 hours per week
Individuals were told to practice mindfulness meditation.
Individuals were given psilocybin mushrooms.
35
What does Funder mean when he says that personality is coherent?
Clinical psychology is the most dominant subfield.
Strengths are often weaknesses and vice versa.
The personality of one person depends on the personality of those around
Each aspect of one’s personality depends on the other parts.
36
In 1966, Charles Whitman killed his wife, his mother, and 14 more people at the University of Texas, damaging
frontal lobe
amygdala
ventromedial cortex
cerebellum
37
Which of the following is NOT a known physical factor that influences personality development?
gender
ethnicity
attractiveness
height
38
Chemicals released from the hypothalamus, gonads, adrenal cortex are ________, chemical released throughout brain_____
neurotransmitters; synapses
inhibitory communicators; dendrites
synapses; hormones
hormones; neurotransmitters
39
Which of the following would be an example of natural B data?
number of times a subject interrupts others in a laboratory situation
observations of the number of times a subject told a joke in a day
number of seconds a subject waits before seeking help in an experiment
subject’s verbal responses to a Rorschach test
40
Before surgery, Elliott was a good father and held a responsible job. After removal of portions of his frontal lobe
His emotional reactions and decision-making abilities will be impaired.
He will be even more driven and focused on his work.
He will experience visual hallucinations
He will experience auditory hallucinations
41
The personality paradigm that focuses on rewards and punishments.
Behaviorists
Phenomenological
Psychoanalytic
Trait
42
The processes by which people respond to, seek out, and create environments that are compatible with their personalities
personality-life-history transactions.
cumulative personalities continuity.
birth-order effects.
person-environment transactions.
43
One critique of personality psychology is that it “pigeonholes” people. What does pigeonholing someone mean?
psychoanalyzing people
categorizing and labeling people
statistically analyzing results
prescribing medication
44
Someone who is ________ is likely to express their personality consistently from one situation to the next.
High in self-efficacy
high in self-monitoring
low in self-monitoring
low in self-efficacy
45
Researchers found that personality traits same ppl measured 10 years apart correlated between .60 and .90
adaptability.
personality accuracy.
mean level change.
personality stability.
46
Which of the following is an expression of Funder’s First Law?
People vary in terms of their trait levels.
Individual differences are not the “error” term in statistics
Characteristics that are strengths in a sense are weaknesses in other ways
There are no perfect indicators of personality.
47
Currently, the consensus among most personality researchers is that there are ________ fundamental personality traits.
16
7
5
3
48
I'd rather be dry but at least I'm
Hive
Dive
Rain on me
Alive
49
The trait approach, the behaviorist approach, and the psychoanalytic approach
are all part of the One Big Theory (OBT).
are irreconcilable and contradictory views of human psychology.
all address the biological basis of human psychology.
address different sets of questions about human psychology.
50
What kind of car is he driving?
Ferrari
Bugatti
BMW
Mercedes
51
A researcher who tries to discover the most important or basic personality traits that exist is taking an
essential-trait
typological
single-trait
many-trait
52
What is one of personality psychology’s biggest advantages over other areas of psychology?
It created the One Big Theory to explain whole persons.
It uses more rigorous methods.
It focuses on the two most important aspects of the psychological triad.
It appreciates the uniqueness of the individual.
53
Records of employee absenteeism are what type of data?
B
L
I
S
54
Interventions aimed at changing delinquent behavior, targeting _______ children is most effective
High SES
younger
low SES
older
55
When compared to high self-monitors, people who score low in self-monitoring tend to
perform better in job interviews.
be regarded as more honest.
use strategies to influence coworkers.
be willing to lie to get a date.
56
What animal was this?
Possum
Dog
Rabbit
Racoon
57
Dr. Garcia wants to measure the earliest autobiographical memories of the participants in her project
I
L
S
B
58
Funder notes that the person who is most talkative at a party is also likely to be the most talkative at the DMV
absolute consistency
absolute change
relative change
relative consistency
59
What brain region- individual’s ability to plan ahead, anticipate consequences, and consistently do morally right thing
basal ganglia
frontal lobes
amygdala
hippocampus
60
According to Jeffrey Gray’s theory, dopamine is associated with the ________ system, reinforces motivation to seek _____
behavioral activation; interpersonal contact
behavioral activation; rewards
ascending reticular activating; rewards
ascending reticular activating; interpersonal contact
61
What is the survey where you arrange traits on different levels?
self-monitoring scale
California F scale
NEO Personality Inventory
California Q-Set
62
The choleric, or chronically hostile person seems to be at extra risk for
Alzheimers Disease
heart attack
cancer
diabetes
63
How many members on the couch?
5
2
6
4
64
What technique can be used to temporarily “knock out” regions of the brain without having to create lasting lesions?
electroencephalography
magnetoencephalography
encephalographic stimulation
transcranial magnetic stimulation
65
Different informants may not agree about the personality of a common target individual because
some informants may have biases that affect the accuracy of their judgments
All of the above
judges may form a mistaken impression based on one recollection
each judge may see the target person in only a limited number of contexts
66
People who enjoy reflective, complex music tend to be higher in what trait?
Intelligence
imagination
cheerfulness
talkativeness
67
What is the oldest brain-imaging technique?
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
magnetoencephalography (MEG)
positron emission tomography (PET)
electroencephalography (EEG)
68
Which of the following MOST closely represents a focal topic of the trait approach to personality?
understanding the mind in terms of biological mechanisms
applying principles of behaviorism and social observation
measuring and conceptualizing individual differences
understanding mental conflicts
69
Attractive females are expected to be warm and friendly, and they are treated in a manner where they are warm
sex discrimination.
self-fulfilling prophecy
judgeability phenomena.
accuracy moderator.
70
Carlos interested in understanding everything there is to know about a person, and he is developing personality measure
essential-trait
many-trait
typological
single-trait
