Earth Science SOL Review Part 1

Is this a delta or an alluvial fan?

Soil horizon that contains partially weathered bedrock and is considered the bottom layer.

Determine the volume of this object.

What is the contour interval of this map?

Reactions cause minerals in rocks to dissolve or change.

This province of Virginia contains karst topography.

Experiments should be repeated several times to be considered valid results.

Formed from precipitation within a solution or evaporation of a solution (ex. limestone)

Determine the volume of this object.

Mineral acts like a magnet

Breaks down rocks without any chemical change (ex. root pry, ice wedging, burrowing animals)

What do the hachure marks on a topographic map indicate?

Lines that are clearly marked with their elevation.

This province is made up of sedimentary rock and contains flat land.

Water cannot flow through it.

How easily a mineral can be scratched; compared using Moh's Scale

Methods to reduce soil loss include...

This rock is considered felsic because it is silica-rich, low density and light colored.

An example of a nonrenewable resource is...

Created by forces pushing in from the sides (ex. Appalachian Mountains of Virginia)

Which shows the correct order of sediments in order from largest to smallest?

Factors that affect runoff

Which erosional process is extremely slow?

This is located at 0º longitude.

Water vapor is cooled and condenses into a liquid=cloud formation

Pieces of rocks and organic matter classified by size.

Is this a delta or an alluvial fan?

This type of renewable resource is clean and limitless; however, doesn't work on cloudy days.

Winds blow parallel to coast pushing warm water away allowing cold water to rise; good fishing

Difference in elevation between adjacent (side-by-side) contour lines.

Breakage pattern of a mineral along a smooth, flat surface

Errors in an experiment that make the experiment not valid or affect the outcomes.

Stage of river development is swift flowing, erodes bed and banks, flood plains start to form.

Which factors can contribute to soil loss?

Formed by compaction and cementation of sediments or by chemical precipitation or evaporation

Easily determined, least useful property for mineral identification

The ratio of a mineral's weight compared to an equal volume of water.

Raised flat areas that are flat on top uplifted by earth forces

An explanation or model backed by results obtained from many tests or experiments.

These structures are associated with caves and hang from the ceilings.

Color of a mineral in powdered form when rubbing on an unglazed porcelain plate

Form where the water table meets the surface and are recharged by infiltration of groundwater

Most evolved soil horizon, known as topsoil, darkest, contains humus, plant roots and animals.

These form as a young stream flows from mountainous areas onto flatter land.

Identify the process that is occurring at the point indicated by the "?".

A mineral that is useful and profitable such as pyrite, magnetite, galena, and graphite.

Formed from volcanic activity in  the Earth (ex. Mount St. Helens in Washington)

Identify the process that is occurring at the point indicated by the "?".

Identify the process that is occurring at the point indicated by the "?".

Out of the following fossil fuels, the one that damages the environment the greatest is...

This type of natural resource cannot be easily formed and may take millions of year to replace.

An alcohol which can reduce oil use and is efficient, but requires a source such as corn.

These deposits occur when a river slows down and can be found at the mouth of a river.

Where is bedrock found?

This means water can flow through it.

Evaporation of water from plants

Metamorphic rocks with increased mineral grain size, not layered (ex. marble and quartzite)

Takes advantage of underground magma to heat water. Steam is used to make electricity.

A natural, inorganic, solid with definite chemical composition and crystalline structure

Mineral fizzes with acid

1:24,000 means 1 unit on the map equals 24,000 units on the Earth. (units may be cm, mm, etc)

The source of the Hydrological Cycle (Water Cycle) is the...

A rule that describes the behavior of something in nature.

These are educated predictions or guesses about the outcome of an experiment.

Forms inside the Earth from magma, coarse-grained texture (ex. granite)

A large area of land that drains into a major river.

Form from heat and pressure applied to pre-existing rock

If the roof of a cave collapses, this will form.

This nonrenewable resource is created from the splitting of atoms.

Describes how one type of rock changes into another type of rock.

The fall line is located in the eastern part of this physiographic region of Virginia.

Examples of types of weathering include oxidation, carbonation and plant acids.

Used when measuring locations on Earth as E or W.

The ratio between the distance on the map and the distance on Earth.

Which of the following mass movements/mass wasting is the fastest?

Soil horizon known as subsoil with some plant roots, minerals from leaching and light in color.

This rock is considered mafic. It is magnesium- and iron-rich, high density and dark colored.

Made of rock/mineral fragments (ex. sandstone, conglomerate (rounded), and breccia (angular)

Is this a delta or an alluvial fan?

A relatively clean resource; however, dams can change waterways and push out wildlife

Rocks that form from the cooling and crystallization of magma/lava.

Metamorphic rocks with flattened mineral grains, band/layering (ex. gneiss, slate, schist)

Formed from the remains of once living organisms (ex. coal and coquina)

Climate, rock type and composition, and amount of weathering affect the...

Energy obtained by burning organic material including wood, alcohol and garbage.

Resources created from the remains of plants and animals buried millions of years ago are...

This fossil fuel is used the most in Virginia to produce electricity.

This stage of river development is rapid, V-shaped bottom, erodes bed

Erupting columns of gas and water (ex. Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park)

A mineral that is rare and beautiful such as diamonds, rubies and sapphires.

Used to find the volume of an irregular-shaped object.

The most abundant fossil fuel removed by strip- or underground mining.

Permeable rock layer sandwiched between two impermeable rock layers; underground water source.

Range from 0º to 180º E of the Prime Meridian and 0º to 180º W of the Prime Meridian

The transportation of sediment by wind, water, ice or gravity.

Lines on a map that connect points of equal elevation.

This stage of river development erodes banks, has broad flat flood plains and oxbow lakes.

The variable that we measure, or that is changed by the experiment.

Water soaking into the ground to become groundwater

These structures are associated with caves and connect the ceiling to the ground.

Is this a delta or an alluvial fan?

Liquid water turns into a gas (water vapor)

This renewable resource is clean and free; however it requires areas with constant wind sources

Which are older?

Measurements will be from 0º to 90º N of the equator, and 0º to 90º S of the equator

The variable that we change or plan to change before we start an experiment.

Resources that replenish quickly, or will never run out.

Way a mineral reflect light (shines)

This physiographic region of Virginia contains Mt. Rogers, the highest peak in Virginia.

Forms on or near the Earth's surface, fine-grained texture (ex. basalt)

Imaginary lines which run vertically up and down, and meet at the Poles.

The process by which rocks are broken down by action of water, air and organisms in sediments.

This fossil fuel may be refined and used in heating, gasoline, lubricants and manufacturing.

Used when finding the volume of a regular-shaped object.

Breakage pattern of a mineral; breaks along rough or jagged, uneven surfaces

Large flat areas (ex. the physiographic region of Virginia we live in)

Identify the process that is occurring at the point indicated by the "?".

This is located at 180º longitude.

Province of Virginia known for its mining of coal and has been uplifted; once was swamp land.

These structures are associated with caves and are found on the ground.

Soil horizon that contains dark-colored decaying matter called humus. (two possible choices)

Imaginary lines that are parallel to each other horizontally around the Earth.

Used when measuring locations on Earth as N or S.