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Unit IV: Sensation and Perception Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit IV: Sensation and Perception
Unit IV: Sensation and Perception
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AP Psychology Pietro Paolini-Allegory of the Five Senses
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1
Study of relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and psychological experience.
Dual processing.
Gate-control theory.
Psychophysics.
Transduction.
2
Bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through trigger nerve impulses.
Eardrum.
Cochlea.
Oval window.
Semicircular canals.
3
Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, drawing on experience.
Bottom-up processing.
Weber's law.
Top-down processing.
Inattentional blindness.
4
These cells form the optic nerve within the eye.
Rods.
Cones.
Bipolar cells.
Ganglion cells.
5
______ controls the size of the pupil, determining the amount of light that passes through eye.
Fovea.
Iris.
Retina.
Cornea.
6
A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another due to mental categories.
Dual processing.
McGurk effect.
Perceptual set.
Weber's law.
7
The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example: per second).
Perceptual constancy.
Weber's law.
Accommodation.
Frequency.
8
What is an appropriate example of change blindness?
Failure noticing lead actors changed during an intermission.
Perceive objects higher in our vision as farther away.
Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color.
Failure to hear your name during a presidential debate.
9
Received the Nobel Prize for work on feature detectors.
Hermann von Helmholtz.
Ernst Weber.
Torsten Wiesel.
David Hubel.
10
In the retina and thalamus, some neurons are turned 'on' by red but turned 'off' by green.
Opponent-process theory.
Young-Hemholtz trichromatic theory.
Frequency theory.
Retinal disparity.
11
Which of the following is an example of inattentional blindness?
Hearing your name in a crowded party during conversation.
Choosing French wine over German because of French music.
Failure to see a gorilla cross room because focus elsewhere.
Subliminal messages in advertisements.
12
The difference in the images on the retina of each eye when viewing an object is called ______.
Retinal disparity.
Texture gradient.
Priming.
Relative size.
13
Sensory receptors that detect hurtful temperatures, pressure or chemicals.
Proprioceptors.
Cones.
Ganglion cells.
Nociceptors.
14
Curvature and thickness of the ___ change to bring nearby/distant objects into focus on retina.
Optic nerve.
Pupil.
Iris.
Lens.
15
Theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated.
Place theory.
Frequency theory.
Weber's law.
Absolute threshold.
16
Which of the following concepts does the image represent?
Relative height.
Interposition.
Relative luminance.
Perceptual adaptation.
17
What is an example of motion parallax?
Grouping of objects by size, shape or texture.
Lights that blink in quick succession appear to move.
When moving, closer objects appear to move faster.
We can judge the shape of an object by how quickly it moves.
18
Hubel and Wiesel received a Nobel Prize for their work on feature detectors. What do they do?
Theory retina contains three different color receptors.
Nerve cells respond to stimulus; shape, angle and movement.
Interpret the intensity of sound and the hue of color.
Perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into groups.
19
What is the system of sensing position and movement of individual body parts?
Kinesthesia.
Vestibular sense.
Synesthesia.
Transduction.
20
Hearing loss caused by damage to mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea.
Conduction hearing loss.
Sensorineural hearing loss.
21
Binocular cue; perceiving depth: Comparing images from retinas in two eyes; computes distance.
Retinal disparity.
Priming.
Place theory.
Accommodation.
22
What is the correct order of auditory transmission?
Middle ear, eardrum, basilar membrane, cochlea, inner ear.
Eardrum, middle ear, cochlea, inner ear, basilar membrane.
Inner ear, middle ear, eardrum, basilar membrane, cochlea.
Cochlea, basilar membrane, inner ear, outer ear, eardrum.
23
The minimum difference a person can detect between any two stimuli half the time.
Parallel processing.
Transduction.
Signal detection theory.
Difference threshold.
24
The central point in the retina, by which the eye's cones cluster.
Iris.
Cornea.
Lens.
Fovea.
25
Which of the following senses is the only one to bypass the thalamus?
Olfaction.
Touch.
Taste.
Sight.
26
What was the name of the experiment that had babies crawl across a glass table?
Ames room.
Visual cliff experiment.
McGurk effect.
Asch line test.
27
Theory that rate of nerve impulses traveling up auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone.
Accommodation.
Frequency theory.
Vestibular sense.
Place theory.
28
Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerves.
Conduction hearing loss.
Sensorineural hearing loss.
29
Photoreceptors are located in the _______.
Retina.
Lens.
Pupil.
Cornea.
30
The amount of energy in light or sound wave; perceived as brightness or loudness. Determined?
Hue; amplitude.
Wavelength; pitch.
Intensity; amplitude.
Intensity; wavelength.
31
Which of the following concepts best represents the picture?
Phi phenomenon.
Relative luminescence.
Relative height.
Relative motion.
32
Which of the following concepts best represents the image?
Relative motion.
Relative size.
Relative height.
Perceptual set.
33
What is the difference between monocular and binocular cues for vision?
Binocular cues focus on linear perspective.
Only binocular cues can perceive depth.
Both can perceive depth but binocular cues uses both eyes.
Binocular cues perceive only vivid color.
34
Name of this illusion; line with arrows pointing outwards appears shorter than arrows inward?
Ames room.
Muller Lyer illusion.
Proximity.
McGurk effect.
35
Which of the following is FALSE about memory and pain?
They remember how much pain they felt at the end.
People often remember the pain's duration.
They remember the pain's peak moment
People remember how much pain they felt at the beginning.
36
What illusion creates the 'movement' of neon lights?
Stroboscopic effect.
Closure.
Perceptual constancy.
Phi phenomenon.
37
The Young-Hemholtz Trichromatic theory states these three colors important to see all colors.
Black, red and green.
Red-green, yellow-blue and white-black.
Red, blue and white.
Blue, red and green.
38
The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time.
Absolute threshold.
Selective attention.
Place theory.
Perceptual adaptation.
39
The opponent-process theory of color uses three sets of colors to theorize that:
The color sets allows us to perceive color from radiation.
The color sets organize stimuli into coherent groups.
Opposing retinal processes enable color vision.
Each person possesses different bipolar cells for sight.
40
Sweetness indicates:
That the food or drink provides protein to repair tissues.
That the food or drink is an energy source.
That the food or drink is potentially toxic acid.
That sodium is present for thinking.
41
The sense of body movement and position including the sense of balance; in the inner ear.
Perceptual set.
Vestibular sense.
Kinesthesia.
Psychophysics.
42
The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations; predisposing one's perception.
Difference threshold.
Priming.
Transduction.
Perceptual constancy.
43
Conversion of one form of energy into another; sights/sounds transformed into neural impulses.
Sensory adaptation.
Perception.
Priming.
Transduction.
44
Part of the ear containing the cochlea, semicircular canals and vestibular sacs.
Outer ear.
Inner ear.
Stirrup.
Anvil.
45
Theory that spinal cord contains neurological 'gate'; blocks or allows pain signals to pass.
Place theory.
Kinesthesia.
Frequency theory.
Gate-control theory.
46
The ____ contains receptor rods, cones and nerves that begins processing of visual information.
Iris.
Fovea.
Cornea.
Retina.
47
_____ is the dimension of color determined by the ______ of light.
Intensity; wavelength.
Hue; wavelength.
Hue; amplitude.
Intensity; amplitude.
48
What is the purpose of the eardum, or tympanic membrane?
Its movement directly causes the stirrup to vibrate.
It serves as a relay center to the parietal lobe.
It is a vestigial membrane left from early human evolution.
It relays sound from the air to the bones of the middle ear.
49
Top-down processing; mental predisposition to perceive things according to our expectations.
Phi phenomenon.
Transduction.
Perceptual set.
Priming.
50
______ is the transparent structure behind the pupil; changes shape to focus images on retina.
Lens.
Iris.
Optic nerve.
Cornea.
51
These cells detect black, white and grey; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision.
Cones.
Feature detectors.
Rods.
Bipolar cells.
52
To be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage.
Signal detection theory.
Accommodation.
Weber's law.
Bottom-up processing.
53
What are the five basic tastes?
Sweetness, Saltiness, Sourness, Bitterness, Unami.
Bitterness, Saltiness, Sweetness, Sourness, Crunchiness.
Saltiness, Sweetness, Sourness, Unami, Limpness.
Unami, Sweetness, Sourness, Saltiness, Flavorless.
54
What is the following Gestalt concept?
Proximity.
Figure and ground.
Closure.
Continuity.
55
Which of the following is a categorical property of parallel processing?
Color.
Form.
Depth.
Motion.
56
Chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones: hammer, anvil and stirrup.
Auditory canal.
Inner ear.
Semicircular canals.
Middle ear.
57
What is the correct order of the perception of light passing through the eye?
Retina, cornea, pupil, iris, lens, optic nerve.
Cornea, pupil, iris, lens, retina, optic nerve.
Lens, retina, cornea, iris, optic nerve, pupil.
Iris, lens, pupil, cornea, retina, optic nerve.
58
What area of the brain does the optic nerve carry visual information?
Angular gyrus.
Orbitofrontal cortex.
Hypothalamus.
Thalamus.
59
What is the Gestalt concept?
Grouping.
Proximity.
Continuity.
Closure.
60
These cells function in the daylight, perceive color and recognize fine detail.
Rods.
Bipolar cells.
Cones.
Feature detectors.
61
The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.
Kinesthesia.
Vestibular sense.
Sensory interaction.
Bottom-up processing.
62
The process by which the eye's lens changes to shape to focus near or far objects.
Opponent-processing theory.
Accommodation.
Transduction.
Parallel processing.
63
What is the gate-control theory of pain?
Spinal cord can block pain signals or allow them to pass.
Our perception of pain is a biopsychosocial phenomenon.
Stimulating cold and warm spots creates sensation of heat.
Women are more sensitive to pain than men.
64
Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent shapes, size, brightness and color).
Relative height.
Perceptual constancy.
Vestibular sense.
Figure-ground.
65
What happens when we perceive a series of still photos as having motion?
Ames room.
Muller Lyer illusion.
Phi phenomenon.
Stroboscopic effect.
66
Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes.
Phi phenomenon.
Perceptual constancy.
Monocular cues.
Binocular cues.
67
A sour taste indicates:
That the food or drink is an energy source.
That the food or drink provides protein to repair tissues.
That sodium is present for thinking.
That the food or drink is potentially toxic acid.
68
An apple looks brown to Sam in a dark room but he still knows that the apple is red. How?
Size constancy.
Shape constancy.
Color constancy.
Perceptual adaptation.
69
A salty taste indicates:
That the food or drink is potentially toxic.
That sodium is present for thinking.
That the food or drink is an energy source.
That the food or drink provides protein to repair tissues.
70
Nerve cells that enable you to recognize complex patterns and features such as faces.
Binocular cues.
Rods.
Monocular cues.
Feature detectors.
71
John notices a strong perfume order upon arrival to class but it fades after ten minutes.
His cochlea has failed within his inner ear.
Fluctuations in intensity effect his difference threshold.
Habituation.
He's been primed by the scent and it no longer effects him.
72
The cocktail party effect is exacerbated by this similar phenomenon.
Selective attention.
Difference threshold.
Multitasking.
Inattentional blindness.
73
This is an example of:
Phi phenomenon.
Muller Lyer illusion.
Ames room.
Ponzo illusion.
