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Final Milestone Review
Final Milestone Review
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Review Quiz to prepare for the Milestone EOC in Biology
Flashcards
70 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
70
Answers
1
The branch of biology dealing with interactions among/between organisms & their environment is
economy
ecology
recycling
modeling
2
Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
ribosome
Golgi apparatus
vacuole
mitochondrion
3
Which of the following is released during cellular respiration?
energy
glucose
air
oxygen
4
DNA is copied during a process called
transformation
replication
transcription
translation
5
A symbiosis in which both species benefit is
predation
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
6
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy → 6O2 + C6H12O6
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy → 6CO2 + 6H2O
6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
7
Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?
Krebs cycle
glycolysis
electron transport
<p>photosynthesis</p>
8
Energy is released from ATP when
ATP is exposed to sunlight
a phosphate group is removed
a phosphate group is added
adenine bonds to ribose
9
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
adenine, ribose, phosphate
adenine, thylakoids, stroma
stroma, grana, chlorophyll
NADH, NADPH, and FADH2
10
Which of the following is biochemical evidence for evolution?
embryonic hemoglobin is different from adult hemoglobin
Human hemoglobin is more similar to chimps than mice
hemoglobin in humans can vary between different individuals
Human hemoglobin is different than mouse hemoglobin
11
Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT
plant life
temperature
rainfall
soil type
12
In humans, the femur, or thigh bone, is involved in walking. In whales the femur is a(n)
example of a fossil
example of natural variation
vesitigial structure
acquited trait
13
Gametes are produced by the process of
replication
meiosis
crossing-over
mitosis
14
All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food
web
chain
interaction
network
15
Which of the following is NOT an example of a heterotroph?
human
grass
leopard
mushroom
16
The algae at the beginning of the food chain in the picture are
decomposers
heterotrophs
consumers
producers
17
Which organelle breaks down food into particles the cell can use?
lysosome
Golgi apparatus
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
18
Which of the following explains why bird wings and reptile forelegs are evidence of evolution?
Similar functions point to a common ancestor
Analogous structures indicate a common ancestor
Homologous structures indicate a common ancestor
Vestigial structures point to a common ancestor
19
Which of the following contains a nucleus?
prokaryotes
organelles
bacteria
eukaryotes
20
What is produced during transcription?
RNA polymerase
RNA molecules
proteins
DNA molecules
21
Which of the following is an autotroph?
leopard
impala
tree
mushroom
22
Which cell structure contains the cell's genetic material and controls the cell's activities?
cytoplasm
nucleus
cell envelope
organelle
23
What proportion of all species that have ever lived has become extinct?
less than 1 percent
more than 99 percent
approximately one-half
100 percent
24
Prokaryotes lack
genetic material
a nucleus
cytoplasm
a cell membrane
25
Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals are
autotrophs
producers
decomposers
omnivores
26
If an organism's diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
24
6
12
3
27
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
high-energy sugars
oxygen
oxygen and high-energy sugars
ATP and oxygen
28
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
burning of fossil fuels
photosynthesis
decomposition of plants and animals
transpiration
29
When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
natural selection
artificial variation
survival of the fittest
artificial selection
30
Which shows the levels of organization in a multicellular organism from simple to most complex?
cell, tissue, organ system
cell, tissue, organ, organ system
organ system, organ, tissue, cell
tissue, organ, organ system
31
According to Darwin's theory, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
variations best suited to the environment
characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse
characteristics that plant and animal breeders value
the greatest number of offspring
32
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
Species make up populations, which make up communities
Species make up communities, which make up populations
Communities make up species, which make up populations
Populations make up species, which make up communities
33
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
ribose + phosphate group + thymine
ribose + phosphate group + uracil
deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
34
Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondria and chloroplasts
rough endoplasmic reticulum
35
You won't find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
plants
none of the above
fungi
animals
36
Examples of fossils include preserved
eggs
all of the above
body parts
footprints
37
Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
proteins
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
lipids
38
The structure labeled I in the figure is a thin, flexible barrier around a cell. It is the
cell envelope
cell wall
cytoplasm
cell membrane
39
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
trophic level
energy path
food pyramid
food chain
40
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
glycolysis → fermentation → Krebs cycle
Krebs cycle → electron transport → glycolysis
Krebs cycle → glycolysis → electron transport
glycolysis → Krebs cycle → electron transport
41
During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
AGCTTG
GATCCA
GAUCCA
TCGAAC
42
What is an organism that feeds only on plants called?
detritivore
herbivore
carnivore
omnivore
43
What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
carbohydrates
carbon
water
sunlight
44
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
two genetically identical cells
four genetically different cells
four genetically identical cells
two genetically different cells
45
A pattern in which species have stable periods followed by brief rapid evolutionary change is
punctuated equilibrium
coevolution
convergent evolution
adaptive radiation
46
The two main types of fermentation are called
aerobic and anaerobic
lactic acid and anaerobic
alcoholic and lactic acid
alcoholic and aerobic
47
An organism that cannot make its own food is called a(n)
autotroph
chemotroph
producer
heterotroph
48
For a cross between a homozygous tall (TT) plant and a heterozygous (Tt) plant, which is true?
All of the offspring will be tall
All of the offspring will be short
About half of the offspring will be short
About half of the offspring will be tall
49
Which pair is correct?
G1 phase, DNA replication
S phase, cell division
M phase, cell growth
G2 phase, preparation for mitosis
50
The main function of the cell wall is to
help the cell move
store DNA
direct the activities of the cell
support and protect the cell
51
A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in sunlight. The gas is probably
ATP
carbon dioxide
oxygen
vaporized water
52
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down
water
carbon dioxide
food molecules
ATP
53
Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?
control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes
build tissues such as bone and muscle
help to fight disease
store and transmit heredity
54
Which phrase best defines evolution by natural selection?
a sudden replacement of one population by another
an adaptation of a species to its environment
a process of change in species over time
changes in a species as it becomes more perfect
55
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?
metaphase
prophase
telophase
anaphase
56
A species that evolved into several different species that live in different ways has undergone
punctuated equilibrium
mass extinction
coevolution
adaptive radiation
57
A protein that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(n)
molecule
enzyme
lipid
element
58
The finches that Darwin found on the Galapagos displayed different adaptations including
length of the birds' necks
number of eggs in each bird's nest
birds' different-shaped beaks
similarities of the birds' embryos
59
All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(n)
community
ecosystem
population
biome
60
What is the date of the Biology Milestone?
December 10th
December 9th
December 11th
December 8th
61
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
chloroplast
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
ribosome
62
Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Earth before the oceans formed?
volcanic activity
an atmosphere of poisonous gases
bombardment by comets and asteroids
an atmosphere containing oxygen gas
63
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
cytokinesis
anaphase
metaphase
interphase
64
Green plants are
consumers
herbivores
omnivores
producers
65
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
hybrid
homozygous
heterozygous
dominant
66
Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
67
What happens during the process of translation?
Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA
The cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteins
Copies of DNA molecules are made
Messenger RNA is made from DNA
68
Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?
Animalia
Protista
Plantae
Fungi
69
The second part of a scientific name is unique to each
species in its genus
genus in its family
order in its class
family in its order
70
According to Darwin, individuals who survive are best adapted. Their survival is due to the
choices made by plant and animal breeders
lack of competition within the species
possession of adaptations developed through use
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness
