2nd semester 7th grade exam

A group of 300 men elected to govern Rome

A government in which absolute power is held by a person who is not a lawful king

Son of Darius, ruler of Persia, eventually defeated by the Greeks

One of the first Chinese dynasties

A group of people traveling together

The war fought between Athens and Sparta that involved other city-states

A religion that developed in India over many centuries; it traces its roots to older traditions such as Vedic beliefs

Marketplace in ancient Greece

The ruler of a vast empire that extended from Macedonia to India in the 300s BC

The belief that a person's soul is reborn into a new body after death

A city-state in Greece known for it's military oligarchy

A strong wind that brings heavy rain to southern Asia in the summer

Empire during which the Mauryan family unified India for the first time

One of two chief leaders in Rome

A large landmass that is smaller than a continent

In the Roman Republic one of the common people

An ancient inhabitant of Etruria, a land in north and central Italy

One of the first major settlements in ancient India that became a center of the Indus Valley Civilization

An early civilization known for its advanced culture that developed in the Indus River in India

A concept in Hinduism about how good and evil in past determines what happens to one's soul in the next life

A vast empire that ruled over lands in Africa, the Middle East and Asia

A Chinese philosophy that emphasizes living in harmony with nature

A line of rulers in China that ruled after the Shang Dynasty

A collection of ancient writings viewed as sacred by many Hindus

A set of basic laws

A belief found in Hinduism and other Indian traditions that a person has a duty or obligation to live an honorable life

A command obeyed like a law

Julius Caesar's grandnephew and adopted son, Octavian; Rome's first emperor

A city-state in Greece that was the first to have a democracy

A large Roman stadium used for chariot races

A fortress built to protect a city

A network of trade routes that stretched for more than four thousand miles across Asia

A Chinese philosophy that emphasizes strict obedience to laws

A form of government in which leaders are elected to represent the people

A region in the Huang He River Valley where Chinese civilization began

Goods or money given to the poor

An official of Rome elected by Plebeians to represent them

The period of fighting between the Persians and Greek city-states for control of land

The hill above a Greek city, on which temples were built

A group of citizens, in an ancient Greek democracy, with the power to pass laws

A 200 year period of peace and stability

The center of most of the important public activities of the city of Rome and its empire

The temple built on the acropolis above Athens, honoring Athena

Honoring ancestors through rituals such as offering food

Athletic events held as part of a festival honoring Athena

A power of law believed to be granted by the heavens

A large arena in Rome where gladiator contests and other games were held

A Sanskrit word meaning "enlightened", the name given to the man who founded Buddhism

In Athens, group of 500 citizens chosen to form a council

The spreading of cultural traits from one culture to another

A pipe used to carry away flowing water, often dirty water

A Roman general who ended the Roman Republic when he seized power and became dictator for life

The capital city of Roman civilization

The ruler of the Mauryan Empire whose edicts reflected Buddhist values

The founder of Christianity upon whose life and teachings the religion is based

Having characteristics of Roman culture with a strong Greek influence

A member of the most powerful class in ancient Greek society

Government in which power is held by the people

The empire covering much of northern India that was ruled by the Gupta's

A network of roads along which traders traveled

Roman emperor who was the first to accept Christianity

Small group of Spartans who made all the important governing decisions

A government in which the ruling power is in the hands of a few people

In the Roman Republic, a member of the upper ruling class

A series of wars fought between Rome and Carthage for control of the Mediterranean

The religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus

A Chinese philosophy that emphasizes proper behavior

Great Persian king who ruled from 522-486 BC

The four basic doctrines of Buddhism

A person who gives up worldly pleasures

The state of gaining spiritual insight and finding universal truth; the goal of Buddhists

A person who has certain rights and duties in a city-state or nation

A flat area of land that is elevated or raised, above the land around it

A person trained to fight for public entertainment

A class, or group in Hindu society

A key idea of Buddhism whereby followers should live their lives according to these 8 teachings

An ideal state of happiness and peace

A piece of bone or shell heated and cracked by holy men to seek advice from a king's ancestors

A government in which the ruling power is in the hands of one person