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World History and Geography Part 1
World History and Geography Part 1
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World History and Geography Part 1 released Virginia SOL test questions from 2012 and 2014
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1
One of the main accomplishments of Justinian was —
reconquering territory that had belonged to the Roman Empire
stoppingthe Islamic conquest of Western European territories
making Christianity the official religion ofthe Roman Empire
defeating an invading army of Ottoman Turks
2
Machu Picchu is located in which type of geographic region?
Rain forest
Plains
Mountains
Arid valley
3
Which group was most responsible for spreading this cultural characteristic?
Islamic traders
Roman soldiers
Sumerian bureaucrats
Egyptian pharaohs
4
Which art form is most associated with the Byzantine culture?
Tapestries
Sculpture
Music
Mosaics
5
Which factor strengthened both the Byzantine Empire and the empire of Charlemagne?
Respect for elders and ancestors
Studies of geography and medicine
Unity between politics and religion
Patrons of painters and sculptors
6
Which number represents the location of ancient Athens?
1
2
4
3
7
Which number marks a province of the Roman Empire?
3
4
1
2
8
Which number on map represents theregion where archaeologists believe the firsthumans appeared?
3
4
1
2
9
Howdid Rome's military conquests affect the economic and social structures of theRoman Republic
The Republic adopted a monotheistic religion.
Soldiers deserted to join enemy armies attacking Rome.
Trade routes fell into disuse throughout the Republic.
Slavery became important to Rome's agricultural production.
10
Which civilization influenced the architecture in this picture?
Byzantine
Russian
Islamic
Greek
11
This quotation describes the-
collapse of Rome as a result of the barbarian invasions
triumph of Pope Urban in retaking the Holy Land
collapse of Western control of Jerusalem
triumph of the Ottoman Turks at Tours
12
Which accomplishment is associated with Alexander the Great?
The destruction of the Athenian navy in battle
The defeat of the Chinese army in Asia
The spread of Greek culture throughout the empire
The introduction of Christianity to the Near East
13
Which statement best explains the migration of early humans?
People searched for new sources of food.
Religious conflicts made people leave disputed lands.
Natural disasters forced people to leave native lands.
Rise of civilizations displaced other people.
14
The rivervalley civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia developed governments that were ruled by
elected officials
representative assemblies
tribal councils
religious authorities
15
Which change was a result of the rise of the feudal system?
Long-distance trade routes were developed.
Local lords had the most political power.
Major cities were established.
Artistic achievements became socially important.
16
Which regions were connected by the Silk Roads?
East Asia and the Mediterranean basin
East Africa and Southeast Asia
Western Europe and East Africa
Northern Europe and the Mediterranean basin
17
Which list places these events in the correct chronological order?
3, 1, 2, 4
1, 2, 4, 3
2, 4, 3, 1
4, 3, 1, 2
18
Which civilization best completes this diagram?
Persian
Egyptian
Mayan
Incan
19
Early Hellenic culture spread from Greece to Asia Minor as a result of —
dynastic decline
climate changes
democratic elections
sea trade
20
What was the major change caused by the agricultural revolution?
Development of permanent settlements
Increase of spoken languages
End of hunting
Elimination of trade
21
Which ancient writing system is illustrated in this picture?
Chinese characters
Sumerian cuneiform
Phoenician alphabet
Egyptian hieroglyphics
22
Which empire was best known for libraries that preserved ancient Greek and Roman knowledge?
Chinese
Mongol
Byzantine
Gupta
23
Which religion belongs in the shaded part of this diagram?
Hinduism
Buddhism
Confucianism
Shintoism
24
The first European universities were based on the scholarly contributions of —
guilds
courts
manors
monasteries
25
What characteristic did the Persian Empire share with the Roman and Incan Empire?
Monothesistic religious system
Widespread road system
Uniform system of money
Written system of law
26
The empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai benefited from being near the-
Red Sea coast
largest European cities
Trans-Saharan trade routes
Mediterranean Sea
27
Which religion encourages its followers to make a pilgrimage to this site?
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
28
This sequence of events was caused by the-
fall of the Roman Empire
Hundred Years' War
beginning of the Crusades
Bubonic Plague
29
Which empire Is associated with this river system?
Phoenician Empire
Gupta Empire
Chinese Empire
Babylonian Empire
30
The practice of Orthodox Christianity in Russia was primarily the result of contact with the —
Islamic Empire
Byzantine Empire
Mongol Empire
Persian Empire
31
The Mayan and Aztec civilizations advanced the development of-
ocean navigation
calendars
manufacturing goods
printing
32
Which civilization most lnnuenced the architecture of this church?
Roman
Byzantine
Greek
Indian
33
Which of these best completes this diagram?
Ten Commandments
Upanishads
Vedas
Twelve Tablets
34
Which primary factor encouraged Greek city-states to develop different identities?
Language
Geography
Religion
Economy
35
The Limpopo and Zambezi Rivers were boundaries for the empire of —
Kush
Ghana
Nubia
Zimbabwe
36
Which phrase best describes the geographic location of the Mayan civilization?
Woodlands of North America
Mountains of Brazil
Deserts in Mexico
Rainforests in Central America
37
This speech helped to start the —
First Crusade
Norman Conquest
Holy Roman Empire
Hundred Years’ War
38
Buddhists achieve enlightenment by following the —
Five Pillars
decrees of the Upanishads
laws of the Old Testament
Eightfold Path
39
What was the purpose of this structure?
To carry water
To practice a religion
To defend a city
To make travel easier
40
Which phrase best completes this diagram?
Closure of Banks
Church Rules on Usury
Letters of Credit
Use of Arabic Numbers
41
What does this diagram represent?
Caste system of India
Feudal system of Japan
Class system of China
Political system of Greece
42
Which characteristic describes the early Catholic Church?
Centered in Mecca
Established monasteries in Russia
Headed by the Pope
Conducted services in Greek
43
Which phrase completes this diagram?
Growth of Universities
Construction of Monasteries
Development of Guilds
Production of Books
44
Which event helped to spread Islam in Africa?
Conquest of Jerusalem
Conquest of Damascus
Establishment of trade with Timbuktu
Relocation of capital to Baghdad
45
These statements describe characteristics of the early -
Buddhists
Zoroastrians
Muslims
Christians
46
In this quotation, Pericles describes Athenian society as valuing —
religious freedom
civic responsibility
economic opportunity
military discipline
47
One characteristic of the Pax Romana was widespread -
political conflict
social equality
cultural decline
economic prosperity
48
During the Middle Ages Greek and Roman classics were preserved when they were translated into -
Arabic
Russian
Persian
Chinese
49
Which factor had the greatest effect on the movements of early nomadic societies?
Religious beliefs
Mineral deposits
Survival needs
Tribal treaties
50
Which city served as the capital of three empires at different times and under different names?
Constantinople
Athens
Baghdad
Moscow
51
During the Paleolithic Era, how did most early humans acquire food?
By planting crops
From domesticated animals
By following animal migrations
From nearby settlements
52
Which number shows where Roman civilization first developed?
2
1
3
4
53
This quotation best represents the religious views of-
Zoroastrians
Hindus
Buddhists
Jews
54
This is a quotation from -
Pericles
Homer
Hippocrates
Pythagoras
55
Whose codification of Roman law has strongly influenced European laws of today?
Justinian
Augustus Caesar
Constantine
Marcus Aurelius
56
What best replaces the question mark?
Representative Government
Social Structure
Citizenship Rights
Trade Policies
57
During the Neolithic Era, which change first resulted in the creation of settled communities?
Specialization of labor
Use of pottery
Development of agriculture
Invention of written language
58
Which characteristic was shared by the Aztec and Mayan civilizations?
3
2
1
4
59
According to this quotation, Christopher Columbus relied on technology that originated in -
Spain
Arabia
China
Italy
60
These events occurred in the nation-state of —
Spain
France
England
Russia
61
Which action best completes this diagram?
Prohibition of money lending
Limitation of economic regulations
Adoption of uniform currency
Control of price levels
62
Which god kept the same name when adopted from Greek mythology by the Romans?
Apollo
Zeus
Venus
Juno
63
Which number on the map marks the location of this building?
3
4
1
2
64
Which movement had the greatest influence on the Renaissance?
Romanticism
Utopianism
Feudalism
Humanism
65
The Dome of the Rock is an example of which civilization’s achievements in art and architecture
Greek
Islamic
Roman
Chinese
66
Ancient Athens was responsible for developing which concept in government?
Civil service
Elected legislatures
Written laws
Direct democracy
67
The Vedas and the Upanishads are sacred writings of-
Buddhism
Judaism
Zoroastrianism
Hinduism
68
The movable-type printing press helped the Renaissance by--
motivating the analysis of Egyptian society
supporting the teachings of the Catholic Church
expanding the distribution of new ideas
increasing the use of new accounting practices
69
The Gupta Empire made a major contribution to world civilizations by developing —
long-lasting roads
wind-powered boats
the production of porcelain
the concept of zero
70
Which choice belongs in this diagram?
Patricians in section 1
Consuls in section 2
Plebeians in section 1
Emperors in section 2
71
Which institution in Western Europe had the most power during the Middle Ages?
The feudal system
Roman universities
Merchant guilds
The Church
72
The defining characteristic of polytheistic religions is the idea that-
there are many gods and goddesses in existence
past actions control the destiny of each person
there is an eternal struggle between good and evil
beings undergo many cycles of rebirth
73
The lack of arable land in Greece contributed to an economic system based on -
shipping and trade
lumber and minerals
manufactured goods
agricultural production
74
Which characteristic was most common in ancient river valley civilizations?
Limited economic growth
Social equality
Limited population growth
Hereditary rule
75
Which belief is associated with Shintoism?
People will experience an afterlife.
People must respect nature spirits.
The gods interfere in human lives.
Reincarnation depends on karma.
76
Living in hannony with nature is an important part of Chinese culture primarily because of-
Taoism
Buddhism
Confucianism
Hinduism
77
In The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli explained why it is necessary for leaders to have —
absolute power
democratic participation
political equality
constitutional government
78
When studying prehistoric people, cave drawings like this one allow archaeologists to —
speculate about daily lives
understand spoken languages
interpret written records
study farming techniques
79
Which empire is described by these characteristics?
Ottoman Empire
Byzantine Empire
Mongol Empire
Persian Empire
80
The cause of the split in Islam after Muhammad's death was a difference of opinion concerning -
expansion
prayer
pilgrimages
leaders
81
Which event is described in this list?
The Gallic Wars
The Trojan War
The Peloponnesian War
The Punic Wars
82
Many Incan cities were easily defended because they were built-
on mountaintops
in canyons
on islands
in rainforests
83
Which number marks the location of an African kingdom that adopted Christianity?
4
3
1
2
84
In the 14 and 15 centuries most goods arrived in Europe from Constantinople after crossing the
Pacific Ocean
Black Sea
Indian Ocean
Red Sea
85
Which city was an obstacle to early Rome's control of the Mediterranean region?
Corinth
Carthage
Athens
Alexandria
86
During the Renaissance, these authors were most often studied by -
parish priests
humanists
bankers
feudal lords
87
Hippocrates made important contributions in the area of —
sculpture
poetry
philosophy
medicine
88
Shinto had which lasting effect on Japanese culture?
Adoption of examination system to select officials
Emphasis on the beauty of the natural world in art
Division of people into rigid social classes
Focus on military devotion as the highest form of virtue
89
Which type of government was used in the Persian Empire?
Democracy
Imperial bureaucracy
Republic
Religious oligarchy
90
The ancient Hebrews were among the first to develop a religious tradition that included —
holy pilgrimages
sacrifices
monotheism
ancestor worship
91
Which information correctly completes this table?
Column 1—Accepted the authority of the Patriarch
Column 2—Centered in Rome
Column 2—Used Greek language in liturgy
Column 1—Centered in Constantinople
92
What was one impact of this event?
Muslim pilgrims no longer traveled to Medina.
The desert tribes declared a lasting truce.
Muslim teachers no longer made the Hajj.
A permanent split occurred within the religion.
93
Which text is a central document of Judaism?
Analects
Torah
Upanishads
Koran (Qur’an)
94
The ruling authority of China’s ancient dynasties was based on the —
Ten Commandments
Mandate of Heaven
Code of Hammurabi
Twelve Tables
95
Emperor Constantine influenced the traditions of Western civilization by -
sending Roman soldiers to the Middle East
codifying Roman law in the Middle East
legalizing Christianity within the Roman Empire
unifying Europe by founding the Holy Roman Empire
96
The Magna Carta was important because it —
ended the system of feudalism
increased the influence of the church
limited the power of the king
established the right of assembly
97
According to the Mandate of Heaven, a Chinese emperor could remain in power as long as he-
conquered new territories
controlled the army
governed as a just ruler
obeyed the priests
98
What best completes the title of this map?
Judaism
the Crusades
Islam
the Plague
99
The Battle of Tours was significant because it marked the —
beginning of British dominance in Northern Europe
end of Muslim expansion into Western Europe
end of the Crusades in the Middle East
beginning of Turkish rule in the Balkans
100
Which best supports the conclusion that the Indus Valley civilization had a central government
Goods were imported from coastal cities.
Houses were constructed with baked bricks.
The cities had a organized pattern of streets.
The farms produced annual crop surpluses.
101
The Vikings who invaded Europe in the Middle Ages were from —
Poland
Turkey
Scandinavia
Russia
102
Constantine brought a significant change to the Roman Empire by —
abolishing slavery
banning monotheism
moving the capital
writing a constitution
103
Which region best replaces the question mark?
Greece
Egypt
China
Mesopotamia
104
Which characteristic describes the earliest followers of Islam?
Sea traders from South Asia
Migrated from Central Asia
Nomads in West Africa
Lived on the Arabian Peninsula
105
Which statement describes the origin of these terms?
They are actions of Egyptian gods.
They are found in Babylonian legends.
They are events from Roman history.
They are taken from Greek mythology.
106
Which characteristic is associated with both the Roman and the Greek cultures?
Bicameral legislature
An army of legionnaires
Polytheistic religion
The rule of emperors
107
Which factor was most important about the site of Constantinople?
River valley to provide rich farmland
Mountains for stone building materials
Desert oasis to supply fresh water
Peninsula for easily constructed defenses
108
This sequence describes the development of government in ancient —
Sparta
Athens
Byzantium
Rome
109
Emperor Constantine chose the location for a new capital partly for its distance from-
Mongol hordes
feudal kingdoms
Germanic invaders
trade routes
110
The ancient Hebrews established a civilization near which location?
3
2
4
1
