Why was diffusion of responsibility NOT supported in Piliavin's study?

Larger groups were more likely to help than smaller groups.

What did Dement and Kleitman do to prevent demand characteristics in their study?

Had participants say their dream content into a recording device.

How does Hassett's study relate to the nature vs. nurture debate?

It supports nature due to sex hormones.

Which was a problem with the original Baron-Cohen Eyes Test?

more female eyes were used than males

In Andrade's doodling study, which was true of the sample?

from a medical research council

Which was NOT one of the specific behaviors demonstrated by the model in Bandura's study?

shooting the doll with a dart gun

What is a valid strength of Saavedra & Silverman's study on button phobia?

collected both qualitative and quantitative data

Where did participants take the RET in Baron-Cohen's study?

in a quiet room at the university

Which feature of Bandura's study lowered demand characteristics?

the covert observation behind a mirror

Why is sleep an ultradian rhythm?

the cycle repeats multiple times each day

What was the name of the self-report assessment given in Hölzel's study to measure mindfulness?

Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)

Where was classical conditioning shown in Saavedra & Silverman's study?

buttons were a previously-neutral stimulus paired with a traumatic event

Which of the following was true of the sample of monkeys used in Hassett's study?

The were from a troop that had lived together over 25 years.

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1
Why was diffusion of responsibility NOT supported in Piliavin's study?
Black people were more likely to help the black drunk victim.
The ill victim received help more often than the drunk victim.
Men helped more than women.
Larger groups were more likely to help than smaller groups.
2
Which of the following was a strength of Perry's study on personal space?
high generalization
high internal validity
high statistical significance
high ecological validity
3
What was the name of the first therapy in Saavedra & Silverman (which was unsuccessful)?
imaginal exposure
disgust therapy
contingency management
exposure and response prevention
4
Because Hölzel found increased grey matter in the _____, a real-world application might be to recommend MBSR for _____.
amygdala, firefighters
insula, those with ADHD
cerebrum, office workers
hippocampus, students
5
In Experiment 1 of Perry's study, which was NOT one of the social relationships shown
stranger
ball
friend
family member
6
What did Dement and Kleitman do to prevent demand characteristics in their study?
Had participants say their dream content into a recording device.
Had participants sleep in a lab.
Asked participants to abstain from caffeine and alcohol.
Connected participants to an EOG.
7
Which disorder was the boy in Saavedra & Silverman's study diagnosed with?
OCD
specific phobia
PTSD
GAD
8
Which was true about the line-up task in Pozzulo's study?
Target-absent options were indicated by a red "X".
It was shown on PowerPoint.
There were five faces shown.
Both kids and adults were asked to point to the correct target.
9
How does Hassett's study relate to the nature vs. nurture debate?
It supports nature due to sex hormones.
It supports nurture due to sex hormones.
It supports nature due to socialization processes.
It supports nurture due to socialization processes.
10
In Piliavin's study, the victim would collapse after how many seconds?
70
20
200
150
11
What qualitative data was collected by Piliavin?
the physical characteristics of the helper
what the passengers said
how the passengers smelled
the time taken for a passenger to help
12
The correlation between AQ and RET score in Baron-Cohen's study was _______.
positive
zero
illusory
negative
13
Which was a problem with the original Baron-Cohen Eyes Test?
the glossary was too long
more female eyes were used than males
the emotional states included were too complex
there were too many answer choices per question
14
Which correlational variables were collected in Hassett's study on monkey toy preferences?
gender and personality
age and appearance
CAH and IRI
age and rank
15
There was mild deception in the Pozzulo study as the children were told it was a project on
cartoon preferences
eyewitness testimony
TV shows and computer games
morning routines
16
In Andrade's study, what were the participants asked to doodle?
their choice of item (freeform)
circles and squares
cartoon characters
flowers
17
90% of first helpers in Piliavin's study were
black
female
male
white
18
By including specific details of the boy's phobia, Saavedra & Silverman may have violated
confidentiality
deception
informed consent
debriefing
19
In Andrade's doodling study, which was true of the sample?
all male
recruited by newspaper advertisement
from a medical research council
all college students
20
What type of correlation did Hölzel find between brain changes and the amount of meditation homework completed?
positive
illusory
zero
negative
21
Which was NOT one of the specific behaviors demonstrated by the model in Bandura's study?
sitting on the doll and punching it in the nose
shooting the doll with a dart gun
kicking the doll around the room
striking the doll with a mallet
22
Which was NOT one of the independent variables in Dement and Kleitman?
the direction of eye movements
whether they were woken up 5 or 15 minutes into REM
the content of their dreams
whether the participant was woken up during REM or NREM.
23
Where did the boy in Saavedra and Silverman's study develop his phobia of buttons?
an elevator
his parents' closet
an arts and crafts store
kindergarten class
24
What is a valid strength of Saavedra & Silverman's study on button phobia?
no demand characteristics
high generalization
collected both qualitative and quantitative data
no risk of losing objectivity
25
The shock generator in Milgram's study was increased by ______ with each wrong answer.
5v
15v
20v
10v
26
Where did participants take the RET in Baron-Cohen's study?
at the public library
in a quiet room at the university
at home
in their own classroom
27
Which feature of Bandura's study lowered demand characteristics?
the matched-pairs design
the standardized set of toys
the covert observation behind a mirror
the laboratory setting
28
In Piliavin's study, what role did the females on the research team have?
model
helper
victim
observer
29
In Fagen's study, what term was used to reflect the rewarding of spontaneous, natural behaviors?
conditioning
capturing
luring
shaping
30
Which was NOT one of the voltage descriptors on Milgram's shock generator?
moderate shock
intense shock
XXX
painful shock
31
Which machine was used to measure brain activity in Dement and Kleitman?
MRI
EOG
EEG
PET
32
Why is sleep an ultradian rhythm?
it involves different brain wave patterns
all humans do it
the cycle repeats once per day
the cycle repeats multiple times each day
33
What was the name of the self-report assessment given in Hölzel's study to measure mindfulness?
Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale (CAMS)
Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)
34
In Bandura's study, what did the non-aggressive model do?
did paperwork under a blanket
played with Tinker Toys
interacted nicely with a Bobo Doll
made potato prints
35
What was counterbalanced in Andrade's doodling study?
whether or not the participant doodled
the recall of names or places
whether or not they were given an interview
the order of the names in the mock telephone call
36
In Fagen's study, an elephant was considered "passing" if they mastered what percentage of the trick?
50%
100%
75%
80%
37
The participants in Hölzel's study were given a full brain scan and a more localized one called
VBM
ROI
fMRI
EEG
38
What did the ill victim carry in the Piliavin study?
a bottle of medicine
a face mask
a cane
tissues
39
Which was true about the results of the RET in Baron-Cohen's study?
There was a positive correlation between RET score and IQ.
The test had major ceiling effects.
The HFA/AS group did the best overall.
Females outperformed males.
40
In Fagen's study, what was the secondary reinforcer?
chopped banana
elephant chow
a bell
a whistle
41
To create the questions for Revised Eyes Test, how many of the eight judges had to agree on the answer?
3
5
7
8
42
Where was classical conditioning shown in Saavedra & Silverman's study?
the boy was disgusted rather than fearful of buttons
buttons were a previously-neutral stimulus paired with a traumatic event
the praise from the boy's mother was used as a reward
the construction of the Feelings Thermometer
43
The true participant in Milgram's study was given the role of
learner
teacher
Bobo Doll
experimenter
44
Pozzulo's study had a 2x2x2 design. Which was NOT one of the independent variables?
familiar cartoons or unfamiliar humans
target-present or target-absent
gender
age
45
What was the first step of the trunk wash in Fagen et al's study?
steady
bucket
trunk here
trunk up
46
Which of the following was true of the sample of monkeys used in Hassett's study?
They lived in the jungles of Africa.
They were all vervet monkeys.
The were from a troop that had lived together over 25 years.
There were more males than females.
47
Which step of the trunk wash was mostly commonly failed for Fagen's elephants?
steady
blow
trunk here
bucket
48
Elephant 5's failure to learn the trunk wash in Fagen's study may have been due to
a distracting calf from the next pen
all of these options
a foot injury
her older age
49
Which of the following behaviors was part of Hassett's behavioral checklist?
Hoist
Stand on
Destroy
Kick
50
In Hassett's study, the researchers found a positive correlation between _______ and play time.
the rank of the monkey
the temperature outside
the color of the toy
the monkey's aggression level
51
Which of the following is true about Hölzel's sample?
all male
all from the UK
all right-handed
recruited from magazine ad
52
In Saavedra & Silverman, what was the range of the Feelings Thermometer?
1-5
0-8
1-9
0-4
53
In Pozzulo's study, if the children's mistakes are due to pressure to make a choice, this is a ______ factor.
biological
cognitive
psychodynamic
social
54
Which type of learning is most relevant to Bandura's (aggression) study?
classical conditioning
social learning
operant conditioning
evaluative learning
55
Which was NOT one of Piliavin's independent variables?
drunk or ill victim
model behavior
gender of victim
race of victim
56
In Dement & Kleitman, what was a dream associated with horizontal eye movement?
climbing ladders
two people throwing tomatoes at each other
shooting basketball
jumping off a cliff
57
Which ethical issue was most likely violated by Bandura's study on aggression?
deception
privacy
informed consent
confidentiality
58
Which of the following helped increase Andrade's internal validity?
failing to assess daydreaming
using a wide range of ages
giving everyone the same doodle sheet
performing the study in the real-world
59
Which was NOT one of Milgram's prods?
Although the shocks are painful, there is no permanent tissue damage.
It is absolutely essential that you continue.
You are not allowed to leave until you continue.
Please continue.
60
What was the teacher in Milgram's study given to convince them the shocks were real?
a charged battery
a test shock of 45v
assurance from Milgram himself
candy and chocolate
61
Other than memory, what did Andrade measure in her study on doodling?
the presence of daydreaming
writing down accurate names (monitoring)
off-task behavior
how boring the participants rated the telephone call
62
In Milgram's study, what was the voltage where the learner banged loudly on the wall?
150v
300v
200v
250v
63
Which standardization from Hassett's study is accurately stated?
There were 12 behaviors on the checklist.
Each observation was 45 minutes long.
The toys were placed 10 meters apart.
10 observations were conducted.
64
In Baron-Cohen's study, which was NOT one of the four groups used?
general population controls
adults with HFA/AS
adults with other developmental disorders (i.e. Tourette's)
students
65
The use of a structured observation in Fagen's study helped boost the inter-rater _______.
reliability
generalizability
validity
replication
66
In Bandura's study, how were the children assigned to groups?
randomly
based on pre-existing aggression
by age and gender
based on IRI empathy scores
67
What was the task the teacher had to give the learner in Milgram's study?
memory of paired words
facial recognition
current events
true-false questions
68
In Fagen's study, the elephants had to learn the correct sequence of the trunk wash. This is called
capturing
shaping
luring
chaining
69
In Perry's study, how was oxytocin administered to the participants?
added to a milkshake
nasal drops
by pill
syringe injection
70
In Perry's study, which was true of the findings of the high empathy group?
oxytocin had no effect on their desired interpersonal distance
oxytocin caused them to only want to be close to the ball
oxytocin made them desire more interpersonal distance
oxytocin made them desire less interpersonal distance
71
Which of the following was true of the results of Hassett's study?
males preferred wheeled toys, females had no significant preference
males preferred wheeled toys, females preferred plush toys
females preferred wheeled toys, males had no significant preference
males preferred plush toys, females preferred wheeled toys
72
Dement and Kleitman found a positive correlation between dream narrative length and _______.
the number of times the participant slept in the laboratory
the number of delta waves
the number of eye movements
the amount of time spent in REM
73
How many juvenile elephants were part of Fagen's sample?
5
4
3
6
74
In Fagen et al, the researchers used which type of observation?
controlled
structured
unstructured
covert
75
Which of the following is NOT true of REM sleep?
brain activity resembles wakefulness
where dreaming occurs
the deepest stage of sleep
the body is paralyzed
76
What is one individual factor that could have affected the helping behavior in Piliavin's study?
the weather that day
whether or not the research team were good actors
empathy levels
whether or not the person had seen the scenario before
77
What happened in Bandura's study after the kids watched their respective model?
They were given a Bobo Doll.
The researcher took them out for McDonald's.
They were given toys that were promptly taken away.
They were given a questionnaire.
78
In Perry's study, the IRI was a measure of
aggression
interpersonal distance
empathy
mindfulness
79
The sample size of 34 monkeys in Hassett's study had to be considered for the ethical guideline of _______.
housing
reward, deprivation, and aversive stimuli
undue harm
numbers
80
What were the experimenters asked to do in the Pozzulo study so the kids felt less pressure?
speak softly
give out candy
say that the choice doesn't matter
dress casually
81
How was deception used in Andrade's study?
the participants were told they would be having personal conversations
the memory test given was unexpected
the participants were never told the purpose of the doodle sheet
the participants had to recall places even though they were not monitored
82
Which research method was used for Perry et al's study on personal space?
observational
natural experiment
case study
lab experiment
83
How long did the MBSR program in Hölzel's study last?
8 weeks
4 weeks
12 weeks
4 months
84
Which of the following was counterbalanced in Perry's study?
the administration of oxytocin or saline placebo
whether they were asked for quantitative or qualitative data
empathy levels
the participants' gender
85
Andrade recruited participants after they had finished another experiment because she wanted them to be ______.
motivated
hungry
bored
experienced
86
In Pozzulo's study, children identified target-present cartoon line-ups with ______ accuracy.
99%
20%
50%
70%
87
In Baron-Cohen's study, Group 4 was matched with the HFA/AS group in age and _______.
personality
autism symptoms
gender
IQ
88
The findings of Piliavin could help in real-life by
supporting diffusion of responsibility
explaining why we feel bad for drunk people
identifying who is more likely to help in an emergency
teaching authority figures how to dress to command respect
89
Because the eyes in Baron-Cohen's study were static and did not move, the test might lack
ecological validity
replicability
standardization
generalization
90
What was a significant gender interaction in the results of Bandura?
Males in the control group were the most aggressive overall.
Females were more likely to imitate physical aggression than males.
The boys were more likely to imitate the model's verbal aggression.
Both boys and girls were more aggressive when exposed to a male model.
91
Which was NOT part of the mock telephone call in Andrade's study?
eight items the party-goers were bringing
eight people attending a party
eight specific places in England
a cat not attending the party
92
Which of the following was NOT a wheeled vehicle used in Hassett's study?
a dump truck
a Batmobile
a shopping cart
a car
93
What term is used for an incorrect answer option in the Revised Eyes Test?
distractor
foil
mistake
false alarm
94
In Experiment 2 of Perry's study, how many seconds were the pairs of rooms shown for?
2
4
20
8
95
Which is true about Milgram's sample?
from Israel
All male
Elderly
All college students
96
In Saavedra & Silverman, what were the three follow-up intervals to assess the boy's phobia?
2 months, 4 months, 6 months
immediate, 6 months, 12 months
3 months, 6 months, 12 months
immediate, 1 year, 2 years
97
Which of the following was a non-aggressive comment made by the model in Bandura's study?
He sure is a tough fella
Throw him in the air
Pow
Hit him down
98
In Saavedra & Silverman's study, which type of button was rated the highest on the Feelings Thermometer?
small plastic buttons
large plastic buttons
hugging mom when she wears large plastic buttons
small denim jean buttons
99
In Pozzulo's study, what was the female actor doing in the video?
brushing her teeth
getting ready to bed
brushing her hair
putting on her coat
100
Which of the following was true of the children in Pozzulo's study?
They were recruited from public school classes
They were all from Ontario, Canada
They had never seen the cartoons used in the study before
They were aged 5-9

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