Describe Allison's rational model of decision making.

all actors in the process are rational and the process is predictable

How does the US become the dominant power in 1945?

from the development of nuclear weapons

use of force to coerce or prevent a state from doing something

policy of retaliation with nuclear weapons

knowing when to fight and surrender

Describe the Nixon-Kissinger model of decision making.

only prez. and advisor make decisions on foreign policy

Describe the presidential management model of decision making.

debate amongst all parties and then advisor to the prez. reduces choices

What does the START treaty do?

limit the amount of nuclear weapons

How do John Mueller and Mark Stewart frame terrorism in "how safe are we?"

as a concern but not a threat for the US because the conflicts are too smal

How does the threat of nuclear weapons shift towards the end of the Cold War?

used to deter, not functionally

What does MIRVS stand for?

Multiple Independently Targeted Re-entry Vehicle

Describe the Bureaucratic Politics model of decision making

agents come together and each represent a certain group's interests

Describe Clausewitz's Fog of War concept.

the stress of war necessitates strict discipline training

What is an example of affective bias?

George Bush's hatred towards Saddam Hussein

war that ends in complete surrender and control

What are the four key differences between terrorism and war?

nature of actors, targets, goals, and ability to return to life

What are some unintended consequences of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

environmental degradation, electric pulse emitted, greenhouse effect, nuclear winter in Japan

What 3 weapons does the United States use to prove their credibility?

strategic air bombers, ballistic missiles, and submarines

What is Second Strike Capability

the ability to strike back after a nuclear attack

What is the biggest problem in foreign policy?

assumption of state rationality

What is the U.N.'s definition of terrorism in the UNSC Resolution?

violent acts committed by Taliban and Al-Qaeda

What is the difference between deterrence and compellence?

preventing threat vs. stopping existent actions

What are 3 ways individuals make irrational decisions?

perception, affective bias, and cognitive bias

What does the NPT treaty do?

prohibit gain of nuclear weapons by countries without them

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saladino: exam 2

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covers saladino's international relations political science class foreign policy terrorism ww1 and ww2 cold war case study

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Questions 75

Answers

1
Describe Allison's rational model of decision making.
large debate amongst involved parties, then good ideas emerge from this
agents come together and each represent the interests of a particular group
lots of agents come from bureaus for a common goal
all actors in the process are rational and the process is predictable
2
How does the US become the dominant power in 1945?
from the success of the second world war
from the development of nuclear weapons
from the conquering of the USSR
from a heightened economy
3
Is foreign policy a process?
no
yes
4
What is deterrence?
use of economic power to coerce or prevent a state from doing something
use of state power to take over another state
use of force to coerce or prevent a state from doing something
5
What is MAD?
policy of limiting foreign intervention
policy of nuclear research
policy of retaliation with nuclear weapons
policy of nuclear weapons testing
6
What would the typology of the Vietnam war be?
total war
limited war
succession war
hegemonic war
7
What is appeasement?
willingness to surrender
analysis of peas
knowing when to fight and surrender
knowledge of other states
8
Why does Reagan's "Star Wars" anger Russia?
violation of START
violation of ABM
involves Russian technology
shows the US's material advantage over Russia
9
What does MAD stand for?
mutual agreement deterrence
mutually assured destruction
mutually assured degradation
mainland agriculture demonstration
10
What is the primary cause of the Cold War
government styles
individuals
state cultures
balance of material power
11
What produces the situation for the Cold War?
the end of WW1
the end of WW2
US invasion of USSR
US bombing of Japan
12
How were nuclear weapons used in the context of world war 2?
as a means of showing material power
as a military weapon
as a way to balance power
as a negotiation tactic
13
Describe the Nixon-Kissinger model of decision making.
only prez. and advisor make decisions on foreign policy
lots of agents come from different interests for common goal
agents come together and create rational decision
debate amongst all parties and then advisor to the prez. reduces choices
14
Describe the presidential management model of decision making.
agents come together and create rational decision
lots of agents come from different interests for common goal
only prez. and advisor make decisions on foreign policy
debate amongst all parties and then advisor to the prez. reduces choices
15
What does the START treaty do?
limit the amount of nuclear weapons
limit the size of nuclear weapons
prohibit creation of missiles that strike down nuclear weapons
prohibit gain of nuclear weapons by countries without them
16
What is the structure of the Cold War in IR theory terms?
total
bilateral
unitary
multilateral
17
What is the main foreign policy of the United States in the Cold War?
territorial aquisition
obtainment
isolation
containment
18
Who states that the military is a means to political ends?
Smith
Stewart
Lepgold
Clausewitz
19
How do John Mueller and Mark Stewart frame terrorism in "how safe are we?"
as only extreme outliers in foreign policy
as a concern but not a threat for the US because the conflicts are too smal
as the primary concern of US foreign policy
20
How does the threat of nuclear weapons shift towards the end of the Cold War?
used to deter, not functionally
used functionally, not to deter
used to compel, not coerce
used to provoke, not deter
21
How is James Joll's theory regardingWorld War 1 unique?
multicausal
unicausal
bilateral
attributes it to the flying spaghetti monster
22
What does MIRVS stand for?
Multiple Independently Targeted Re-entry Vehicle
Multiple Inclusive Rundown Vehicle Situation
Multiple Independent Radio Vehicle System
23
Describe the Bureaucratic Politics model of decision making
lots of agents come together for a particular purpose
assumes process only included bureaucracies
agents come together and each represent a certain group's interests
assumes all actors in a process are rational
24
Affective bias is how individuals feels towards other individuals.
False
True
25
Describe Clausewitz's Fog of War concept.
the explosion of military weapons creates a fog
the stress of war necessitates strict discipline training
The weather is unpredictable in foreign countries
there are fog machines in war always
26
What kind of war features actors with single objectives?
limited war
total war
civil war
hegemonic war
27
What is required to have deterrence?
capability and charisma
credibility and charisma
capability and credibility
credibility
28
What is an example of affective bias?
George Bush's hatred towards Saddam Hussein
a military's hatred towards an administration in gov.
USSR vs. USA
29
What is total war?
war fought by suceeding group and mother country
war fought between two dominant powers in a system
war fought that has limited objectives
war that ends in complete surrender and control
30
Why is World War 1 a useful case study?
lots of historical sources
overdetermined
Saladino likes it
it is the first war of its kind
31
What are the four key differences between terrorism and war?
nature of actors, military, and opponents
nature of situation, military ability, and objectives
nature of actors, targets, goals, and ability to return to life
use of force
32
What are some unintended consequences of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
environmental degradation
electric pulse emitted
greenhouse effect
nuclear winter in Japan
33
How are military forces configured?
by analyzing civil opinion and intl threat
by analyzing costs and needs
by popular vote
34
Attributing the start of World War 1 to the death of Archiduke Franz Ferdinand is what level of analysis?
individual
systematic
domestic
35
What was the Manhattan Project intended to develop?
Hydrogen bombs
New urban layouts[
new foreign policy
Nuclear weapons
36
What 3 weapons does the United States use to prove their credibility?
ballistic missiles, submarines, and cavalry
foot soldiers, strategic air bombers, and ballistic missiles
submarines, strategic foot soldiers, and tanks
strategic air bombers, ballistic missiles, and submarines
37
The UNSC Resolution justified the US to do what?
invade Iran
Invade Pakistan
invade Afghanistan
invade Iraq
38
What is Second Strike Capability
the ability to strike back after a nuclear attack
the ability to have military power over an opponent
the ability to strike an opponent more than once in a short span of time
the ability to strike at all
39
What did the ABM treaty prohibit?
weapons that shoot down nukes
nuclear weapons
deterrence
nuclear testing
40
What is the biggest problem in foreign policy?
uncertainty about what IR theory to follow
lack of research since it's a new field
assumption of state rationality
uncertainty about outcomes
41
What is the U.N.'s definition of terrorism in the UNSC Resolution?
criminal acts with intent of death, injury, or hostages
violent acts committed by Taliban and Al-Qaeda
another means of war
actions that seek to coerce opponent through force
42
What does Carl Von Clausewitz write about?
economy
war
theory
43
What does the US policy of containment prevent against?
spread of disease
spread of poverty
spread of communism
spread of militancy
44
What is an example of a decision made by the Nixon-Kissinger model?
US takes down Salvador Allende's regime in Chile
US withdrawal from Syria
US invades Cambodia
US invades Iran
45
What is Clausewitz's definition of war?
A state of armed conflict between states or within a state
means of acheiving state goals
Politics by other means
46
What is the key difference between IR theory and foreign policy?
role of the individual
role of the state
role of the government
role of the system
47
What is the difference between deterrence and compellence?
stopping existent actions vs. exclusively offensive military technique
exclusively offensive military technique vs. preventing threat
preventing threat vs. stopping existent actions
stopping existent actions vs. preventing threat
48
What is the goal of demonstrative terrorism?
to gain publicity and support
to coerce opponent, gain support, and inflict real harm on audience
to coerce opponent at the expense of the terrorists' own community
49
What are 3 ways individuals make irrational decisions?
perception, affective bias, and cognitive bias
personal history, personality, and understanding of scenario
bias, other actors' influence, and culture
50
What does the NPT treaty do?
prohibit creation of missiles that strike down nuclear weapons
limit the amount of nuclear weapons
prohibit gain of nuclear weapons by countries without them
limit the size of nuclear weapons
51
What kind of bombs did the United States use to bomb Japan
Fission bombs
H bombs
Fusion bombs
52
James Joll gives ___ condition(s) that add up to the start of World War 1.
3
5
1
4
53
What was France's Plan 17?
a military tactic that only involves offense
a military tactic that only involves defense
54
What is the goal of foreign policy?
to predict general outcomes
to understand how and when specific outcomes will take place
to confuse IR students
to predict state reactions to certain outcomes
55
What does Robert Pape name as the purpose of terrorism?
gain support from other groups and populations to influence government
make democracies give up territory or abandon military conquests
provoke a state of terror in the general population
coerce western nations to achieve a certain political goal
56
What is the goal of destructive terrorism?
to gain publicity and support
to coerce opponent at the expense of the terrorists' own community
to coerce opponent, gain support, and inflict real harm on audience
57
What is the "German Problem"?
how do the Allied Powers take down Hitler
how to split up German amongst Allied Powers
who the German territory goes to after WW2
how do the Allied Powers invade Germany
58
What does the SALT treaty do?
limit the amount of nuclear weapons
prohibit creation of missiles that strike down nuclear weapons
prohibit gain of nuclear weapons by countries without them
limit the size of nuclear weapons
59
You can have realist foreign policy.
True
False
60
What are the levels of analysis within foreign policy?
systematic
domestic
individual
all 3 levels
61
Can foreign policy be modeled?
no
yes
62
What is the largest historical thing that sparks the Cold War?
Disagreements between USA and USSR over German territory
USA and USSR competition to be the largest superpower
The conflicts between the USA and USSR during WW2
63
Describe the organization process model of decision making.
only prez. and advisor make decisions on foreign policy
agents all come together for a certain shared goal
agents come together and create rational decision
64
Describe the policy of containment.
contain Soviet military forces so they are unable to strike
contain Soviet soldiers so that their military is under populated
contain soviets to one region to prevent their territory acquisition
65
What is the goal of suicide terrorism?
to gain publicity and support
to coerce opponent, gain support, and inflict real harm on audience
to coerce opponent at the expense of the terrorists' own community
66
Carl Von Clausewitz argues for the merging of military and government
True
False
67
What is the main policy of the USA in the early Cold War?
obtainment
exclusion
foreign aid
containment
68
What does the CTBT treaty do?
prohibit creation of missiles that strike down nuclear weapons
prohibit nuclear weapons acquisition
limit size of nuclear weapons
prohibit testing of nuclear weapons
69
Cognitive bias is how individuals feel about other individuals.
false
true
70
What are the similarities between nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction?
difficult to deploy, objectives of weapons, hard to store
uncertainty of its effects
illegal
difficult to deploy, illegal, hard to use, hard to store
71
What is the domino theory?
once one soldier falls out of line, then none will respect authority
once one military is conquered, it's easier to conquer others
once one country becomes communist, all countries will
once territory is taken over, it's easy to assimilate the population
72
What is an example of a poor use of appeasement?
Korean War
Munich agreement
Treaty of Versailles
World War 2
73
How does the U.N. define terrorism in 2004?
another means of war
criminal acts with intent of death, injury, or hostages
violent acts committed by Taliban and Al-Qaeda
actions that seek to coerce opponent through force
74
What is hegemonic war?
sections wish to break away from a state
must end in total control and total surrender by parties
war fought between system dominators
warring actor has single objective
75
What does Clausewitz name as the cause of war?
balance of power
state culture
individuals
politicians

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