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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
2
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
observational learning
3
Children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
neuroplasticity
4
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
autism
Alzheimer's disease
Parkinson's disease
5
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts of the goal
higher-order conditioning
token economy
behavior shaping
law of effect
6
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
7
Which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
humanist
trait
8
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
9
Classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
10
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
11
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
random assignment
12
Which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
13
If the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
content validity
14
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
central route persuasion
deindividuation
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
15
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
16
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
17
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
18
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
health psychology
positive psychology
social psychology
19
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
20
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
standardization
construct validity
test-retest reliability
21
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
medulla
22
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
23
A charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
24
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
25
Damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
touch
balance
hearing
26
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
27
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
28
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
29
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
30
Which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
double blind study
31
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
delta waves
beta waves
sleep spindles
alpha waves
32
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
L-Dopa
lithium
33
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
groupthink
social facilitation
deindividuation
34
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
35
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
36
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
secondary central dispositions
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
37
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
latent learning
38
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
false consensus effect
just world bias
39
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
parenting style
assimilation
motor development
40
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
95
68
50
41
The somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
42
Which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
concrete operational exercises
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
43
which is an example of an implicit memory
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
44
Psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
schizophrenic
personality
dissociative
45
Counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
systematic desensitization
token economies
client-centered therapy
46
Which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
standard deviation
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
47
Which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
48
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
49
When first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
smell
touch
sight
50
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
51
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
IQ test
52
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
53
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
54
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
55
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
fixed ratio
variable interval
continuous
56
People who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
observational learning
counterconditioning
latent learning
57
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
58
Physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
59
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
gestalt therapy
free association
60
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
61
A musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
absolute threshold
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
62
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
63
Which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
standardized
achievement
triarchic
64
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
assimilate : accomodation
65
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
66
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
67
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
68
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive punishment
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
69
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
70
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
71
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
72
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
73
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
74
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
pons
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
75
Which structure is part of the inner ear
semicircular canals
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
76
An A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
partial
continuous
secondary
77
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
78
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
79
What kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
80
Which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
Babinski
rooting
stepping
81
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
82
In the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
temperament
family
environment
83
Authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
84
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are unable to detect motion
85
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
86
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
write with a pencil
clap their hands
cut with a knife
87
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
accommodation
discrimination
habituation
88
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
89
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
social facilitation
conformity
disinhibition
90
Our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
91
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
retinal disparity
linear perspective
convergence
92
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
93
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
sublimation
latent learning
mirror neurons
94
What is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
95
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
96
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
be able to take another person's perspective
97
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
98
A test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
99
Which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
100
Which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
cerebellum
101
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
daily activities
circadian rhythm
personalities
102
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
behavioral
psychoanalytic
cognitive
103
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
absolute threshold
104
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
105
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
psychoanalytic
biological
trait
humanistic
106
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
structuralist
behavioral
cognitive
107
Which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
standard deviation
median
range
108
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary
109
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
110
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
opponent process theory
111
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
late 40s
early 20s
puberty
112
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
external
situational
internal
113
Your girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
a theory
overconfidence
self-serving bias
114
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
115
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
116
Which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
117
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
object permanence
attachment
universal ethical principles
118
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
119
Which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
self-serving bias
compliance strategies
individualism
120
Which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
cornea
cones
optic nerve
121
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
122
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
myelin
neurotransmiters
terminal button
123
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
social
dispositional
situational
behavioral
124
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
125
Seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
retroactive memory
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
126
What is the purpose of the DSM V?
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
127
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
128
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
deindividuation
129
Light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
blind spot
retina
iris
130
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
anal stage
latency period
oral stage
131
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
132
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
133
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
134
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
frequency theory
gate-control theory
transduction theory
135
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
range
standard deviation
mean
136
Which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
brain injury
proactive interference
relearning effect
leading questions
137
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
displacement
reaction formation
projection
138
The limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
planning for the future
maintaining balance
139
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
dissociation
tolerance
antagonists
140
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
141
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
142
The "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
grapheme
143
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
144
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
psychoanalytic
cognitive
humanistic
145
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
146
Negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : decrease
remove : increase
add : decrease
147
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
148
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
149
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
150
Testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
151
What kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
152
Patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
153
En route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
fovea
optic chiasm
feature detectors
154
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
EEG
PET
155
Turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
156
What is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
157
Learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
158
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
outliers
normally distributed
variances