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SBI4U: U4 - Evolution and Biodiversity Flashcards | StudBud
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SBI4U: U4 - Evolution and Biodiversity
SBI4U: U4 - Evolution and Biodiversity
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Questions
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Answers
1
Gene frequencies can be expected to change if:
mating is random and all genotypes have equal viability
heritable mutation occurs
there is no migration
no change occurs in the environment
2
Which of the following is an example of the founder effect?
adaptation in a grass that keeps herbivores from eating the grass
appearance of a few South American birds in Galapagos islands
birds that attract more mates due to brightly coloured tail feathers
all are examples of founder effect
3
Which is not a factor for industrial melanism in peppered moth?
On polluted surfaces, it was easy for predators to see light coloured moth
Melanic moths were more likely to survive and produce offspring
Allele for melanic colouration was beneficial
As light moths came into contact with soot, they became darker in colour
4
The term allele is defined as?
portion of DNA that codes for a particular polypeptide
when chromosomes have same DNA sequence at same location
when chromosomes have different DNA sequences at same location
location along a chromosome of a particular DNA sequence
5
What are the names of the first major lineages of all living things?
archaebacteria, eukaryotes, prokaryotes
none of the above
autotrophs, heterotrophs, chemo-autotrophs
archaebacteria, eukaryotes, eubacteria
6
There is a sudden, rapid change in species then no change for a long period of time?
Gradualism
Coevolution
Punctuated Equilibrium
Divergent evolution
7
Which best describes selective pressure?
Characteristics that reduces organism's chance of survival
Environmental conditions that select for or against characteristics
Process by which populations change over time as traits are passed on
Characteristics that improves organism's chance of survival
8
The term genetic drift is defined as of which of the following?
movement of alleles from one population to another
any random change in gene or allele frequencies in a small population
establishment of a population in a new region
any change in gene or allele frequencies in a population
9
The major weakness in Lamarck's explanation of evolution is the fact that:
an individual can't develop certain structures through use of a body part
mutations were not part of his explanation
acquired characteristics cannot be passed on to offspring
genes were only passed on from the mother
10
Malthus wrote a paper on population growth and the increase in food supply. Malthus proposed:
distribution of food is a problem, but supply of food is not
rate of food production will always be greater than population
rate of pop growth had already exceeded food production for 200+ years
in future, human population will exceed food supply
11
What is the source of new alleles in a species?
Natural selection
Mutation
Adaptation
Selective pressure
12
A cladogram is
best
described as a diagram that:
shows the evolutionary history of a species
groups extinct organisms according to their age only
groups extant species according to similar morphologies
shows a complete record of all living things
13
Which is an example of natural selection?
Long fur of Persian cat
Crops modified to be pest resistant
Speed of a racing greyhound dog
Antibiotic resistant bacteria
14
A gliding rodent and gliding marsupial look the same but are not closely related, this is an example of?
Divergent Evolution
Convergent Evolution
Sexual selection
Coevolution
15
Which does not contribute to rapid evolution of bacteria?
Bacteria reproduce very rapidly
Bacteria can be subjected to changes in their environment
Bacteria populations are extremely large
Many harmful mutations occur over time
16
A human pop has an unusually high % of individuals with a particular genetic disease. This shows?
Gradualism
Punctuated equilibrium
Gene flow
Genetic drift
17
Which of the following scientists was associated with forming the Theory of Evolution of Acquired Characteristics?
Lamarck
Wallace
Lyell
Darwin
18
Which is true of Lamarck's idea of biological change over time?
Individuals better suited to environment survive and reproduce
All body parts not used will eventually disappear
Individuals vary, some of this variation is heritable
Processes for change are slow and gradual - Earth is older then 6000 yrs
19
Organisms that have existed relatively unchanged for several million years are usually:
Found in stable environments
Produce enormous numbers of offspring
Animals that have a long life span
Top carnivores with few enemies
20
Which best describes selective advantage?
Characteristic that improves an organism's chance of survival
Process by which populations change over time as traits are passed on
Characteristic that reduces an organism's chance of survival
Environmental conditions that select for certain characteristics
21
Most common circumference is 2 cm in acorns. What would it be after 10 generations of directional selection?
2 cm
greater than 2 cm or less than 2 cm
0 cm
greater than 2 cm and less than 2 cm
22
Natural selection acts upon which of the following?
A habitat
An individual
An ecosystem
Genes of heritable traits
23
Darwin’s finches have a recent common ancestor, but increasingly different traits, making this an example of:
Coevolution
Sexual selection
Convergent Evolution
Divergent Evolution
24
Which involves using selective breeding to increase the number of plants with desirable traits?
Selective pressure
Natural selection
Artificial selection
Fitness
25
How do vestigial structures provide evidence for evolution?
Show shared ancestry
Show how new structures evolve
Show direction of change
Show genetic relationships
26
Which best describes natural selection?
Characteristics appear suddenly in organisms as a response to environment
Those with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more
Biological change through time in a population
None of the above
27
Which of the following is true?
Populations evolve but individuals do not
Individuals evolve but species do not
Individuals and populations evolve
Populations evolve but species do not
28
The term gene flow is defined as of which of the following?
any change in gene or allele frequencies in a population
establishment of a population in a new region
any random change in gene/ allele frequencies in a small population
movement of alleles from one population to another
29
What do you expect to happen to moths that rest on birch trees (light bark) in a polluted environment that darkens trunk
Number of medium coloured moths increases
Increase in both varieties of moths
Fewer light coloured moths survive
Fewer dark coloured moths survive
30
Punctuated equilibrium suggests that?
rate of evolution is constant
small genetic changes accumulate
long periods of little change are interupted by short times of major change
evolution occurs gradually over time
31
What describes relative contribution an individual makes to next generation by producing offspring that will reproduce?
Adaptation
Variation
Gene
Fitness
32
Which is an idea Darwin used from Malthus?
Earth is more than 6000 years old
Populations do not change; life is static
Populations produce more offspring than can survive
Fittest individuals survive due to favourable adaptations
33
Which scientist developed a theory of evolution by natural selection at the same time as Darwin?
Cuvier
Wallace
Lyell
Malthus
34
Which is true of Lamarck and Darwin's theories?
Both believed in catastrophism
Both believed giraffes got long necks by stretching to tall trees
Both believed organisms adapt to environment
Both believed characteristics are acquired in each generation
35
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, a struggle for survival is a result of which?
Many species competing with one another
Occurrence of mutations
Environment constantly changing
Large number of offspring born in each generation
36
Which mutation is least likely to influence the evolution of a species?
Beneficial mutation that occurs extremely rarely
Neutral mutation in which a number of genes are duplicated
Mutation that is lethal
Mutation that is harmful but not lethal
37
How did Lyell's work contribute to evolutionary thought?
He proposed the idea of "use and disuse"
Constant geological processes have shaped Earth over a long time
Nature is fixed along a progressive scale
Proposed that species are related by descent from a common ancestor
38
Which is true?
Natural selection can anticipate change in environment
Origin of variation is sexual reproduction
Natural selection has a direction and purpose
Individuals adapted to environment are more likely to survive
39
Artificial selection:
Reduces the number of harmful mutations
Rapidly produces a new species
Increases the genetic diversity of a population
Reduces the genetic diversity of a population
40
The prevalence of large and small beak sizes among seed crackers in the absence of medium-sized beaks indicates?
artificial selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
directional selection
41
Which two factors add variation in a population?
Mutations and natural selection
Natural selection and sexual reproduction
Mutations and adaptations
Mutations and sexual reproduction
42
Founder effect occurs when which of the following takes place?
There is gene flow between two previously separated populations
Large population moves into a new environment
Small sample of pop survives a flood and establishes new population
Small populations become isolated
43
Why was Lamarck's work important to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?
Wrote about unchecked human population growth
Established principle of uniformitarianism
He emphasized organisms adapting to their environment
Suggested a longer time period on Earth for evolution to occur
44
Charles Lyell’s book was important to the formation of the Theory of Evolution because it:
described how fossils form
stated that organisms change by acquiring new characteristics
suggested that species do not change
natural processes that take place today are same as those from past
45
Relatively rapid evolution of a single species into many new species, filling a variety of empty niches?
Adaptive radiation
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Coevolution
46
What is evolution?
Genetic changes in characteristics of species over time
Organisms produce more offspring than can survive
Populations vary in their traits
Organisms adapt to their environment
47
Which favours the evolution of traits according to Darwin?
Resources are unlimited, hence no competition
Organisms only produce a few offspring in each generations
Population lives in habitat where there is no competition
Some variation between individuals is heritable
48
What is the ultimate source of genetic variability (new alleles)?
emigration
mutation
immigration
genetic drift
