How did religious beliefs of ancient thinkers affect their thoughts on the universe?

taught that God had deliberately placed earth at the center

Which of the following is NOT a legacy of the Enlightenment?

belief in authority of the Catholic Church & its teachings

In what what did Diderot's Encyclopedia help spread Enlightenment ideas?

compiled ideas of greatest philosophes & published them

Which reflects a change in art, architecture, literature, or music to the neoclassical style?

music took on a lighter, more elegant tone called classical

Which of the following is a reform made by Joseph II of Austria?

abolished serfdom & ordered peasants be paid in cash

Why did the British issue the Stamp Act of 1765?

felt it was the responsibility of colonists to pay for war

How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the development of the heliocentric theory?

careful observation & willing to question accepted beliefs

What did colonists argue in protest to the Stamp Act?

taxation without representation violated natural rights

Why did the 13 colonies decide to create a weak national government at first?

to protect states' authority & fear of strong central gov

Which of the following would NOT be a way in which the Enlightenment spread?

Newton's laws of gravity helped attract other objects

In what way did the Renaissance pave the way for the Scientific Revolution?

rebirth in learning inspired a spirit of curiosity

The scientist Johannes Kepler is credited with which discovery in astronomy?

planets' orbits are elliptical & governed by mathematic law

Which of the following was NOT a advancement made as a result of the scientific method?

advances in chemical warfare as shown in Thirty Years' War

Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributed to the Scientific Revolution?

the Renaissance caused a rebirth of commitment to religion

As Americans, what right(s) do we have that are a result of Voltaire's philosophies?

freedom of speech, religion, press, and assembly

Enlightened despots supported philosophe's ideas for which of the following reasons?

wanted to make countries stronger, their rule more effective

Why were monarchs hesitant or unwilling to improve peasants' lives & abolish serfdom?

needed support of upper & middle classes to stay in power

How did the Scientific Revolution spur the Enlightenment?

caused philosophers to question government institutions

In what way did the Age of European Exploration pave the way for the Scientific Revolution?

scientists observed the world & noticed diff ancient beliefs

Why were the Catholic Church & government officials angered by Enlightenment ideas?

it challenged authority & inspired a spirit of revolt

Which is NOT a reason for the American colonists defeating the British & winning independence?

Britain's motivation was stronger, importance of colonies

In what way was Hobbes' view of absolute monarchy different than previous beliefs of monarchy?

power to govern comes from consent of the governed

How did Enlightened despots' view relationship between ruler-state diff from previous monarchs?

monarchs exist to serve the state & protect rights of people

How does neoclassical style reflect the ideas of order and reason?

simple, but yet elegant ideas/themes show reason & order

The Dec of Ind. marked a change in thinking by colonists being subjects British rule to what?

colonists justified independence because of king's abuses

Francis Bacon urged scholars to use experimentation to draw conclusions which is known as what?

empiricism or experimental method

Montesquieu's ideas about government are the basis of what part of U.S. government?

three branches of government; separation of powers, checks and balances; branches checks power of other branch

What did Locke state as the purpose of government in relation to natural rights of individuals?

purpose of government is to protect natural rights

What is the importance of Beccaria's ideas of justice in relation to absolutism?

limit monarchs power to punish his/her opposition

Which of the following does NOT describe Newton's law of gravity as he explained it?

objects don't attract other objects (Davolt's single life)

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UNIT 6 —The Enlightenment & Scientific Revolution REVIEW

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-Enlightenment & Revolution

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Questions 42

Answers

1
How did religious beliefs of ancient thinkers affect their thoughts on the universe?
they believed that the sun was a representation of God
beliefs led them to accept the heliocentric theory
religious beliefs led them to belief the earth was flat
taught that God had deliberately placed earth at the center
2
Which of the following is NOT a legacy of the Enlightenment?
belief in authority of the Catholic Church & its teachings
encouraged people to use reason/logic to distinguish truth
belief that human reason could solve social problems
more secular outlook focused on finding well-being on earth
3
In what what did Diderot's Encyclopedia help spread Enlightenment ideas?
criticized democratic and republic institutions
stated the right of monarchs to rule from divine right
called on Catholic Church to punish philosophes for ideas
compiled ideas of greatest philosophes & published them
4
Which of the following would be a positive in absolute monarchy as proposed by Hobbes?
allows voting for representation
establishes a judicial branch
focuses on equality for women
creates law and order
5
Which of following is NOT one of the 5 concepts that formed the core beliefs of philosophes?
Liberty
Progress
Reason
Religion
6
Which reflects a change in art, architecture, literature, or music to the neoclassical style?
architecture showed intricate and complex designs
music took on a lighter, more elegant tone called classical
artwork showed a grand, ornate style w/many colors & shapes
authors began to publish works called encylopedias
7
Which city was the intellectual capital of Europe in the in 1700's?
Rome
Paris
London
Venice
8
What does Rousseau believe is the best form of government?
theocracy
representative democracy
absolute monarchy
direct democracy
9
Which is NOT an instrument invented as a result of the Scientific Revolution?
mercury barometer
thermometer
microscope
magnetic compass
10
American colonies in the 1700's would best be described as?
nationalist feelings seeing themselves as colonists
all of the above
prosperous from trade with nations of Europe
self-governed by their own laws, used to a degree of ind.
11
Which of the following is a reform made by Joseph II of Austria?
agreed to Bill of Rights drafted by Parliament
abolished serfdom & ordered peasants be paid in cash
implemented a policy of equal distribution of wealth
abolished capital punishment & toruture
12
Which of the following scientists is credited with the sun-centered theory of the universe?
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
Johannes Kepler
Nicolaus Copernicus
13
Why did the British issue the Stamp Act of 1765?
needed money to pay back French for war damages
needed to get rid of their surplus of stamps
all of the above
felt it was the responsibility of colonists to pay for war
14
What role did women play in the Enlightenment?
helped spread ideas of Enlightenment via social gatherinings
advocated for more educational opportunities for women
advocated for women's equality in marriage
all of the above
15
How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the development of the heliocentric theory?
scholars began questioning Church doctrine & biblical teach
it led to the method of exploring space with satellites
scholars set up mock debates representing ancient scholars
careful observation & willing to question accepted beliefs
16
What did colonists argue in protest to the Stamp Act?
British must pay the same tax of tobacco
stamps were not high enough quality to purchase
taxation without representation violated natural rights
that it violated the Constitution
17
Why did the 13 colonies decide to create a weak national government at first?
protect individual citizens from abuses of freedoms
thought Congress was only branch of government necessary
to protect states' authority & fear of strong central gov
because Bill of Rights had not been thought of yet
18
Which of the following would NOT be a way in which the Enlightenment spread?
Diderot's Encyclopedia culminated philosophes ideas into one
ideas spread to American colonies & led revolt vs Britiain
salons brought greatest minds together to discuss ideas
Newton's laws of gravity helped attract other objects
19
In what way did the Renaissance pave the way for the Scientific Revolution?
led many to believe astronomical findings were correct
scholars rejected skepticism and finally accepted old ideas
invention of the typewriter made books more accessible
rebirth in learning inspired a spirit of curiosity
20
The scientist Johannes Kepler is credited with which discovery in astronomy?
geocentric theory in which earth is at center of universe
planets' orbits are elliptical & governed by mathematic law
the moon's surface is rough, not made of pure substance
sun-centered theory of the universe
21
Which of the following was NOT a advancement made as a result of the scientific method?
Boyle's law explain relation of vol., temp., & gas
advances in chemical warfare as shown in Thirty Years' War
world's first vaccine against smallpox
discovery of oxygen
22
Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributed to the Scientific Revolution?
the Renaissance caused a rebirth of commitment to religion
navigation instruments led to research in math & astronomy
printing press spread new ideas quickly
discovery of classical txt showed ancient scholars disagreed
23
What new form of literature developed as a result of the Enlightenment?
autobiographies
novels
comics
short stories
24
The scientist credited with the discovery that falling objects accelerate at a fixed rate is?
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
25
As Americans, what right(s) do we have that are a result of Voltaire's philosophies?
rights of the accused; no cruel and unusual punishment
right to speedy trial
right to bear arms
freedom of speech, religion, press, and assembly
26
Enlightened despots supported philosophe's ideas for which of the following reasons?
wanted to dismantle the Catholic Church & its authority
wanted to become wealthy through trade/commerce
wanted to make countries stronger, their rule more effective
wanted to invest in philosophes' work
27
Why were monarchs hesitant or unwilling to improve peasants' lives & abolish serfdom?
all of the above
needed support of upper & middle classes to stay in power
viewed slavery as a necessary labor force
felt it would cause inflation & other economic problems
28
How did the Scientific Revolution spur the Enlightenment?
gave women a reason to advocate for suffrage
allowed for nobles to explore ideas of human potential
caused philosophers to question government institutions
prompted scholars to question the geocentric theory
29
Which idea of Enlightenment philosophes is NOT guaranteed in the U.S. Bill of Rights?
freedom of religion
rights of the accused
freedom of speech
separation of powers
30
In what way did the Age of European Exploration pave the way for the Scientific Revolution?
navigation instruments were banned for magnetic flaws
led to research in historical political philosophies
long sea voyages required better use of daylight
scientists observed the world & noticed diff ancient beliefs
31
Why were the Catholic Church & government officials angered by Enlightenment ideas?
scholars began to collect alms for their own church
philosophes were preaching against practice of indulgences
it challenged authority & inspired a spirit of revolt
philosophes were preaching from Bible on the streets
32
What did anti-federalists lobby to be added to the Constitution?
equal protection clause
Articles of Confederation
federal system
Bill of Rights
33
Which is NOT a reason for the American colonists defeating the British & winning independence?
French joined in the fight on the side of American colonists
war was costly to the British fighting overseas
British generals made many mistakes during the war
Britain's motivation was stronger, importance of colonies
34
In what way was Hobbes' view of absolute monarchy different than previous beliefs of monarchy?
monarchy is designed to protect natural rights of people
rule is justified by divine right
government was an unnecessary evil for society & people
power to govern comes from consent of the governed
35
How did Enlightened despots' view relationship between ruler-state diff from previous monarchs?
they gave up power to establish democratic governments
their view of the relationship did not change at all
they believed that their rule was given to them by God
monarchs exist to serve the state & protect rights of people
36
How does neoclassical style reflect the ideas of order and reason?
all of the above
simple, but yet elegant ideas/themes show reason & order
grand, ornate style suggests power & wealth from reform
none of the above
37
The Dec of Ind. marked a change in thinking by colonists being subjects British rule to what?
all of the above
colonists justified independence because of king's abuses
colonists urged for representation in Parliament
colonists dumped tea in the Boston Harbor
38
Francis Bacon urged scholars to use experimentation to draw conclusions which is known as what?
universal truth
empiricism or experimental method
skepticism
Enlightenment & philosophy
39
Montesquieu's ideas about government are the basis of what part of U.S. government?
three branches of government; separation of powers
1st Amendment rights-freedom of speech, religion, press, etc
rights of the accused- fair & speedy trial, just punishment
checks and balances; branches checks power of other branch
40
What did Locke state as the purpose of government in relation to natural rights of individuals?
purpose of government is to protect natural rights
people are born to the state; state controls natural rights
rule as if they only answered to God
create an economy of equal distribution of wealth
41
What is the importance of Beccaria's ideas of justice in relation to absolutism?
absolute rulers receive their right to rule from God
monarchs are not subject to the laws that govern the state
limit monarchs power to punish his/her opposition
justice is to be determined by absolute monarchs
42
Which of the following does NOT describe Newton's law of gravity as he explained it?
objects don't attract other objects (Davolt's single life)
objects in motion tend to stay in motion unless acted upon
every object in the universe attracts every other object
degree of attract depends on mass of object & dist. from sun

UNIT 6 —The Enlightenment & Scientific Revolution REVIEW Flashcards | StudBud